RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The optimal preoperative bowel preparation for colorectal surgery remains controversial. However, recent studies have established that bowel preparation varies significantly among countries and even surgeons at the same institution. This survey aimed to obtain information on the current practice patterns of bowel preparation for colorectal surgery in China. METHODS: A paper-based survey was circulated to the members of the Chinese Society of Colorectal Cancer (CSCC). The survey responses were collected and analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed for all the categorical variables according to the responses to individual questions. RESULTS: Three hundred forty-one members completed the questionnaire. Regarding surgical practice, 203 (59.5%) performed > 50% of the colorectal operations laparoscopically or robotically; the use of mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) alone was significantly higher (63.5 vs 31.9%; P < 0.001). The respondents who performed > 200 colonic or rectal resections provided significantly more MBP alone (79.6 vs 39.1%, P < 0.001; 76.6 vs 43.2%, P < 0.001; respectively). Among hospitals with fewer than 500 beds, 52.4% of the respondents used MBP + oral antibiotics preparation (OAP) + enema, a significantly higher percentage than the respondents of hospitals with more than 500 beds (P < 0.001). Nearly 40% of the respondents prescribed OAP in regimens; meanwhile, 74.8% prescribed preoperative intravenous antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates considerable variation among members from the CSCC. These findings should be considered when developing multicenter trials and to provide more definitive answers.
Assuntos
Cirurgia Colorretal , Padrões de Prática Médica , Adulto , China , Neoplasias Colorretais/cirurgia , Cirurgia Colorretal/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios , Prognóstico , Sociedades Médicas , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Hypobaric hypoxia, frequently encountered at high altitude, may lead to lung and cerebrum injury. Our study aimed to investigate whether puerarin could exert ameliorative effects on rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia via regulation of aquaporin (AQP) and NF-κB signaling pathway in lung and cerebrum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 40 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups (normal control group, hypobaric hypoxia group, puerarin group and dexamethasone group). Wet/dry ratio, blood gas, pathological changes of lung and cerebrum and spatial memory were observed in each group. Inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined with ELISA and expression of AQP1, AQP4, NF-κB signaling pathway in lung and cerebrum with western blot RESULTS: Puerarin showed significant preventative effects on tissue injury and behavioral changes, as evidenced by histopathological findings and Morris water maze. In addition, levels of inflammatory cytokines in BALF decreased in the two preventative groups compared with those of hypobaric hypoxia group. AQP in lung and cerebrum increased under the condition of hypobaric hypoxia while was down regulated in both two preventative groups. NF-κB and IκB was also inhibited by puerarin. CONCLUSION: Our study suggested that lung and cerebrum injury, increased inflammatory cytokines in BALF and increased AQP1, AQP4 and NF-κB signaling pathway occurred under the condition of hypobaric hypoxia. Moreover, puerarin could prevent lung and cerebrum injury of rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia via down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines, AQP1 and AQP4 expression and NF-κB signaling pathway.
Assuntos
Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Lesões Encefálicas/tratamento farmacológico , Hipóxia/complicações , Isoflavonas/uso terapêutico , Substâncias Protetoras/uso terapêutico , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/etiologia , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/imunologia , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/metabolismo , Animais , Aquaporina 1/metabolismo , Aquaporina 4/metabolismo , Lesões Encefálicas/etiologia , Lesões Encefálicas/imunologia , Lesões Encefálicas/metabolismo , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/imunologia , Cérebro/efeitos dos fármacos , Cérebro/metabolismo , Cérebro/patologia , Citocinas/imunologia , Isoflavonas/farmacologia , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/metabolismo , Pulmão/patologia , Masculino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Resveratrol (RSV) is reported to have renoprotective activity against diabetic nephropathy, while the mechanisms underlying its function have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigate the effect and related mechanism of RSV against high glucose-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human tubular epithelial cells (HK-2). A typical EMT is induced by high glucose in HK-2 cells, accompanied by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RSV exhibits a strong ability to inhibit high glucose-induced EMT by decreasing intracellular ROS levels via down-regulation of NADPH oxidase subunits NOX1 and NOX4. The activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) is found to be involved in high glucose-induced EMT in HK-2 cells. RSV, like NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium, can block ERK1/2 activation induced by high glucose. Our results demonstrate that RSV is a potent agent against high glucose-induced EMT in renal tubular cells via inhibition of NADPH oxidase/ROS/ERK1/2 pathway.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Células Epiteliais/fisiologia , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/efeitos dos fármacos , Estilbenos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular , Nefropatias Diabéticas/tratamento farmacológico , Nefropatias Diabéticas/metabolismo , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Glucose/fisiologia , Humanos , Rim , Túbulos Renais/patologia , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , NADPH Oxidase 1 , NADPH Oxidase 4 , NADPH Oxidases/antagonistas & inibidores , NADPH Oxidases/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , ResveratrolRESUMO
<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the production of p-hydroxymethylphenol-beta-D-glucoside (gastrodin) through biotransformation by plant cell suspension cultures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using cell suspension cultures of Datura stramonium to convert the exogenous p-hydroxybenzaldehyde into gastrodin was conducted and the converted compounds were separated with a combination of multi-chromatography. Their chemical structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis and chemical evidence.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The conversion procedure of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde into gastrodin by Datura stramonium cell suspension cultures was established. The synthesized gastrodin (II) was isolated from the fermental liquor and identified by spectral analysis. At the same time, the p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (I) converted through biotransformation of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde by cell suspension cultures of Datura stramonium was also isolated and identified. Two compounds were also isolated from the cell cultures and they were identified as beta-D-furanoallulose (III) and n-butyloxystyryl-beta-D-pyranoallulose (IV).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Datura stramonium grown in suspension cultures can convert exogenous p-hydroxybenzaldehyde into the corresponding gastrodin.</p>
Assuntos
Benzaldeídos , Metabolismo , Álcoois Benzílicos , Metabolismo , Biotransformação , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Métodos , Células Cultivadas , Datura stramonium , Biologia Celular , Metabolismo , Glucosídeos , Caules de Planta , Biologia Celular , Plantas Medicinais , Biologia Celular , MetabolismoRESUMO
The inclusion complexation behavior of chiral members of cinchona alkaloid with beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins (1 and 2) and 6,6(')-trimethylenediseleno-bridged bis(beta-cyclodextrin) (3) was assessed by means of fluorescence and 2D-NMR spectroscopy. The spectrofluorometric titrations have been performed in aqueous buffer solution (pH 7.20) at 25.0 degrees C to determine the stability constants of the inclusion complexation of 1-3 with guest molecules (i.e., cinchonine, cinchonidine, quinine, and quinidine) in order to quantitatively investigate the molecular selective binding ability. The stability constants of the resulting complexes of 2 with guest molecules are larger than that of 1. As a result of cooperative binding, the stability constants of inclusion complexation of dimeric beta-cyclodextrin 3 with cinchonidine and cinchonine are higher than that of parent 1 by factor of 4.5 and 2.4, respectively. These results are discussed from the viewpoint of the size-fit and geometric complementary relationship between the host and guest.