RESUMO
Artemisia lavandulaefolia, a traditional herbal medicine, has been utilized as anti-inflammatory and analgesia agent in clinic. Bioassay-guided fractionation resulted in a fraction (ALDF) with anti-inflammatory effect obtained from A. lavandulaefolia. Its main constituents were analyzed and identified by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS technology. ALDF showed the strong inhibitory activity on the nitrogen oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages with an IC50 value of 1.64±0.41â µg/mL. Further results displayed that ALDF also significantly suppressed the secretion of key pro-inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), and the increase of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression induced by LPS stimulation. Mechanism study indicated that ALDF was able to block NF-κB signaling pathway through inhibiting IκB and p65 phosphorylation, as well as NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. Furthermore, inâ vivo results in mice revealed that treatments with ALDF evoked significant inhibition on ear edema induced by xylene and on the writhing responses induced by acetic acid. These results suggest that ALDF holds great potential in the prevention and treatment of inflammatory disorders.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Artemisia/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ácido Acético , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/biossíntese , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/antagonistas & inibidores , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/antagonistas & inibidores , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Estrutura Molecular , Óxido Nítrico/antagonistas & inibidores , Óxido Nítrico/biossíntese , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/biossíntese , Dor/induzido quimicamente , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Compostos Fitoquímicos/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Folhas de Planta/química , Células RAW 264.7 , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidores , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , XilenosRESUMO
Two new nordammarane-type triterpenoids, 3ß-acetoxy-20-oxo-21-nordammaran-23-carboxylic acid methyl ester (1) and 3ß-acetoxy-17ß-dammaranic acid (2), along with two known cycloartane-type triterpenoids (3-4), were isolated from the petroleum ether-soluble extract of Artemisia argyi. Their structures were elucidated based on 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data analysis. All compounds were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro. Compounds 1-4 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase with IC50 values ranging from 38.34 ± 0.23 to 105.54 ± 0.33 µM.
Assuntos
Artemisia , Triterpenos , Estrutura Molecular , alfa-GlucosidasesRESUMO
Sesquiterpenoid is a kind of compound widely distributed in nature, which has a wide range of biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and immunomodulatory activities. This paper would review the anti-inflammatory mechanism of sesquiterpenoid. The mechanism is mainly by inhibiting the activation of nuclear factor (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways and down-regulating the inflammatory gene expression including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-1(IL-1), IL-6, IL-8 and other inflammatory factors. Thereby, the production and release of inflammatory cytokines are reduced to exert anti-inflammatory effect. This review is intended to provide reference for related research.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Dinoprostona , Humanos , Interleucinas , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , NF-kappa B , Óxido Nítrico , Fatores de Transcrição STAT , Transdução de Sinais , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfaRESUMO
Four new dimeric phthalides, angesinenolides C-F (1-4), along with three known ones, were isolated from the roots of Angelica sinensis. Their structures were determined by means of HRMS and NMR experiments. The structures of compounds 1 and 3 were confirmed using X-ray crystallographic data. All isolated compounds were tested for activities on the inhibition of COX-2 enzyme in vitro. Compounds 1-6 exhibited inhibitory activity against COX-2 with IC50 values ranging from 29.32⯱â¯0.07 to 137.91⯱â¯0.24⯵M.
Assuntos
Angelica sinensis/química , Benzofuranos/farmacologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/farmacologia , Benzofuranos/isolamento & purificação , Cristalografia por Raios X , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/isolamento & purificação , Estrutura Molecular , Raízes de Plantas/químicaRESUMO
Two new sesquiterpene lactones, artelavanolides A (1) and B (2), and four known sesquiterpene lactones (3 - 6) were isolated from the leaves of Artemisia lavandulaefolia. Their structures were elucidated based on the analysis of spectroscopic data (1D, 2D-NMR and HR-ESI-MS). The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by the analysis of single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. Artelavanolide A (1) is a rare sesquiterpene lactone possessing an unusual skeleton with the linkage of Me(14)-C(1) that is probably formed through a rearrangement of the guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids. Artelavanolide B (2) is a new highly unsaturated guaianolide. Compounds 1 - 6 were tested for activities on the inhibition of COX-2 enzyme in vitro. All of compounds exhibited inhibitory activity against COX-2 with IC50 values ranging from 43.29 to 287.07 µm compared with the positive control, celecoxib (IC50 = 18.10 µm). Among them, 3 showed the best COX-2 inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 43.29 µm.
Assuntos
Artemisia/química , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/farmacologia , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Lactonas/farmacologia , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/química , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/isolamento & purificação , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Lactonas/química , Lactonas/isolamento & purificação , Estrutura Molecular , Sesquiterpenos/química , Sesquiterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
An HBsAg-HBIG therapeutic vaccine (Yeast-derived Immune Complexes, YIC) for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients has undergone a series of clinical trials. The HBeAg sero-conversion rate of YIC varied from 21.9% to 14% depending on the immunization protocols from 6 to 12 injections. To analyze the immunological mechanisms exerted by 6 injections of YIC, 44 CHB patients were separately immunized with YIC, alum as adjuvant control or normal saline as blank control, with add on of antiviral drug Adefovir in all groups. Kinetic increase in Th1 and Th2 cells CD4+ T cell sub-populations with association in decrease in Treg cells and increase of Tc1 and Tc17 cells in CD8+ T cells were observed in YIC immunized group. No such changes were found in the other groups. By multifunctional analysis of cytokine profiles, significant increase of IL-2 levels was observed, both in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the YIC immunized group, accompanied by increase in IFN-gamma and decrease of inhibitory factors (IL-10, TGF-ß and Foxp3) in CD4+ T cells. In the alum immunized group, slight increase of IL-10, TGF-ß and Foxp3 in CD4+ T cells was found after the second injection, but decreased after more injections, suggesting that alum induced early inflammatory responses to a certain extent. Similar patterns of responses of IL-17A and TNF-α in CD8+T cells were shown between YIC and the saline group. Results indicate that add on of Adefovir, did not affect host specific immune responses.
Assuntos
Adenina/análogos & derivados , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/imunologia , Vacinas contra Hepatite B/uso terapêutico , Hepatite B Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Organofosfonatos/uso terapêutico , Adenina/efeitos adversos , Adenina/imunologia , Adenina/uso terapêutico , Adjuvantes Imunológicos , Adulto , Complexo Antígeno-Anticorpo , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Vacinas contra Hepatite B/efeitos adversos , Vacinas contra Hepatite B/imunologia , Hepatite B Crônica/imunologia , Humanos , Interleucina-10/imunologia , Interleucina-17/imunologia , Interleucina-2/imunologia , Masculino , Organofosfonatos/efeitos adversos , Organofosfonatos/imunologia , Células Th1/imunologia , Células Th2/imunologia , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/biossíntese , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/imunologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/biossíntese , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is hard to be eradicated, not only due to the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains but also because of its ability to form biofilm. Antibiotics are the major approach to treating biofilm infections, but their effects are unsatisfactory. One of the potential alternative treatments for controlling biofilm infections is photodynamic therapy (PDT), which requires the administration of photosensitizer, followed by light activation. 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a natural photosensitizer prodrug, presents favorable characteristics, such as easy penetration and rapid clearance. These advantages enable ALA-based PDT (ALA-PDT) to be well-tolerated by patients and it can be repeatedly applied without cumulative toxicity or serious side effects. ALA-PDT has been proven to be an effective treatment for multidrug resistant pathogens; however, the study of its effect on S. aureus biofilm is limited. Here, we established our PDT system based on the utilization of ALA and a light-emitting diode, and we tested the effect of ALA-PDT on S. aureus biofilm as well as the combined effect of ALA-PDT and antibiotics on S. aureus biofilm. Our results showed that ALA-PDT has a strong antibacterial effect on S. aureus biofilm, which was confirmed by the confocal laser scanning microscope. We also found that lethal photosensitization occurred predominantly in the upper layer of the biofilm, while the residual live bacteria were located in the lower layer of the biofilm. In addition, the improved bactericidal effect was observed in the combined treatment group but in a strain-dependent manner. Our results suggest that ALA-PDT is a potential alternative approach for future clinical use to treat S. aureus biofilm-associated infections, and some patients may benefit from the combined treatment of ALA-PDT and antibiotics, but drug sensitivity testing should be performed in advance.
Assuntos
Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Aminolevulínico/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Biofilmes/efeitos da radiação , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Fotoquimioterapia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidadeRESUMO
Five Gram-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strains were isolated from cankers of Populus x euramericana collected from different locations in Puyang city, Henan Province, China. The five strains were characterized by nutritional and physiological testing and DNA sequence analysis. Haemolysis was not observed on agar media supplemented with sheep erythrocytes. The strains could be distinguished from members of most species of the genus Acinetobacter by their inability to assimilate L-arginine and benzoate. The five strains formed a single branch in phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA, gyrB and rpoB individual gene sequence analysis,indicating that they all belonged to a single taxon within the genus Acinetobacter. DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated that the five isolates represented to a single species that was separate from Acinetobacter puyangensis. On the basis of the phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, the five strains are considered to represent a novel species of the genus Acinetobacter, for which the name Acinetobacter populi sp. nov. is proposed. The typestrain of A. populi sp. nov. is PBJ7T (CFCC 11170T=KCTC 42272T).
Assuntos
Acinetobacter/classificação , Filogenia , Casca de Planta/microbiologia , Populus/microbiologia , Acinetobacter/genética , Acinetobacter/isolamento & purificação , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Composição de Bases , China , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Graxos/química , Genes Bacterianos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Two Gram-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped strains, BQ4-1(T) and NHI3-2, isolated respectively from the healthy and diseased part of Populus ×euramericana canker bark, were characterized using a polyphasic approach. Chemotaxonomic characterization supported the inclusion of the two strains in the genus Acinetobacter, with genomic DNA G+C contents (42.5-43 mol%) within the range observed for this genus (38-47 mol%) and 9-octadecenoic acid (C18 : 1ω9c, 39.87 %), hexadecanoic acid (C16 : 0, 11.26 %) and summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c, 18.90 %) as major fatty acids. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA, rpoB and gyrB gene sequences revealed that strains BQ4-1(T) and NHI3 did not cluster with any species with validly published names, and formed a distinct cluster with 99-100 % bootstrap support on three phylogenetic trees within the genus Acinetobacter. Acid was not produced from d-glucose, and haemolysis was not observed on agar media supplemented with sheep erythrocytes. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, the two strains are considered to represent a novel species of the genus Acinetobacter, for which the name Acinetobacter puyangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BQ4-1(T) (= CFCC 10780(T) = JCM 18011(T)).
Assuntos
Acinetobacter/classificação , Filogenia , Casca de Planta/microbiologia , Populus/microbiologia , Acinetobacter/genética , Acinetobacter/isolamento & purificação , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Composição de Bases , China , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Genes Bacterianos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Rehmannia glutinosa oligosaccharides (ROS) on the proliferation of HepG2 and insulin resistance. METHOD: The HepG2 cells were divided into control group, rosiglitazone (3.4 mg x L(-1)) treated group and ROS (0.1-30 mg x L(-1)) treated group. The proliferation of HepG2 was detected by MTT method. Insulin resistant HepG2 cells model was induced by high concentration of insulin, then the effects of ROS on glucose consumption in insulin resistant HepG2 cells were investigated. RESULT: In the middle glucose culture medium, the absorbance at 570 nm of HepG2 was increased by high concentration of ROS, and decreased by low concentration of ROS by using MTT method, a concentration-dependent manner. ROS increased glucose consumption in HepG2 cells, and showed a better effect at the dose of 10 mg x L(-1). ROS promoted the glucose consumption in insulin resistance of HepG2 cells, improved the sensitivity of insulin resistance of HepG2 cells to insulin. CONCLUSION: High concentration of ROS can promote the proliferation of HepG2, and however low concentration of ROS inhibits the proliferation of HepG2. ROS can significantly improve insulin resistance of HepG2 cells induced by high insulin.