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1.
Microb Pathog ; 143: 104109, 2020 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32171710

RESUMO

Acute lung injury (ALI) is considered as an uncontrolled inflammatory response that can leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which limits the therapeutic strategies. Ginsenosides Rb1 (Rb1), an active ingredient obtained from Panax ginseng, possesses a broad range of pharmacological and medicinal properties, comprising the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-tumor activities. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of Rb1 against S. aureus-induced (ALI) through regulation of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathways in mice (in-vivo), and RAW264.7 cells (in-vitro). For that purpose, forty Kunming mice were randomly assigned into four treatment groups; (1) Control group (phosphate buffer saline (PBS); (2) S. aureus group; (3) S. aureus + Rb1 (20 mg/kg) group; and (4) Rb1 (20 mg/kg) group. The 20 µg/mL dose of Rb1 was used in RAW264.7 cells. In the present study, we found that Rb1 treatment reduced ALI-induced oxidative stress via suppressing the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and increase the antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxidase dismutase 1 (SOD1), Catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1). Similarly, Rb1 markedly increased messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of antioxidant genes (SOD1, CAT and Gpx1) in comparison with ALI group. The histopathological results showed that Rb1 treatment ameliorated ALI-induced hemorrhages, hyperemia, perivascular edema and neutrophilic infiltration in the lungs of mice. Furthermore, Rb1 enhanced the antioxidant defense system through activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Our findings showed that Rb1 treated group significantly up-regulated mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2 and its downstream associated genes down-regulated by ALI in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, ALI significantly increased the both mRNA and protein expression of mitochondrial-apoptosis-related genes (Bax, caspase-3, caspase-9, cytochrome c and p53), while decreased the Bcl-2. In addition, Rb1 therapy significantly reversed the mRNA and protein expression of these mitochondrial-apoptosis-related genes, as compared to the ALI group in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, Rb1 alleviates ALI-induced oxidative injury and apoptosis by modulating the Nrf2 and mitochondrial signaling pathways in the lungs of mice.


Assuntos
Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Ginsenosídeos/uso terapêutico , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções Estafilocócicas/complicações , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/etiologia , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/patologia , Animais , Ginsenosídeos/química , Camundongos , Panax/química , Células RAW 264.7 , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real
2.
Food Funct ; 10(10): 6543-6555, 2019 Oct 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31545328

RESUMO

Mastitis, a major disease affecting dairy cows, is most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Selenium (Se) can activate pivotal proteins in immune responses and regulate the immune system, and microRNA-155 (miR-155) is a key transcriptional regulator for inflammation-related diseases. We constructed the model of mouse mastitis in vivo and primary mouse mammary epithelial cells (MMECs) in vitro, which were induced by S. aureus. Se content of the mammary was estimated using an atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer. Histopathological analysis was performed via hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The mmu-miR-155-5p mimic was transfected in MMECs, and viability was determined through the MTT assay. Transfected efficiency was evaluated by qPCR and fluorescence staining. Cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-10 and TLRs were detected with qPCR. In addition, western blotting was used to evaluate the expression of the NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways. The results demonstrated that a Se-supplemented diet improved the content of Se in mammary tissues. Histopathological studies indicated that the mammary glands were protected in the Se-supplemented group after S. aureus infection. Se-supplementation suppressed the production of MPO, mmu-miR-155, TNF-α, IL-1ß, and TLR2 and significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB and MAPKs in vivo and in vitro. All the data indicated that mmu-miR-155 played a pro-inflammatory role in our study, and Se-supplementation could suppress the expression of mmu-miR-155 to inhibit inflammation in S. aureus-induced mastitis in mice.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/tratamento farmacológico , Mastite/tratamento farmacológico , MicroRNAs/genética , Selênio/administração & dosagem , Infecções Estafilocócicas/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/genética , Doenças dos Bovinos/imunologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/imunologia , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Mastite/genética , Mastite/imunologia , Mastite/microbiologia , Camundongos , MicroRNAs/imunologia , NF-kappa B/genética , NF-kappa B/imunologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/genética , Infecções Estafilocócicas/imunologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/fisiologia , Receptor 2 Toll-Like/genética , Receptor 2 Toll-Like/imunologia
3.
Microb Pathog ; 132: 302-312, 2019 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31059756

RESUMO

Acute lung injury (ALI) is clinically characterized by excessive inflammation leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), having high morbidity and mortality both in human and animals. Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) is a major primary bioactive component extracted by Panax ginseng, which has numerous pharmacological functions such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of Rb1 in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-induced ALI in mice have not been investigated. The aim of the current study was to determine the anti-inflammatory influence of Rb1 on S. aureus-induced ALI in mice, and to explore its possible underlying principle mechanisms in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The results of physical morphology, histopathological variation and wet-to-dry weight ratio of lungs revealed that Rb1 significantly attenuated S. aureus-induced lung injury. Furthermore, qPCR results displayed that Rb1 inhibited IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α production both in vivo and in vitro. The activation of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) by S. aureus was inhibited by application of Rb1 as confirmed by results of immunofluorescence assay. The expression of NF-kB and MAPK signaling proteins revealed that Rb1 significantly attenuated the phosphorylation of p65, ERK, as well as JNK. Altogether, the results of this experiment presented that Rb1 has ability to protect S. aureus-induced ALI in mice by attenuating TLR-2-mediated NF-kB and MAPK signaling pathways. Consequently, Rb-1 might be a potential medicine in the treatment of S. aureus-induced lung inflammation.


Assuntos
Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/microbiologia , Ginsenosídeos/farmacologia , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Pulmão/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Panax/química , Pneumonia , Células RAW 264.7/efeitos dos fármacos , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo
4.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27293467

RESUMO

Endometritis is commonly caused by pathogenic microorganisms, including Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Piperine, which is a natural medicine, has shown a variety of biological activities. To explore the effect and mechanism of piperine on S. aureus endometritis, a mouse model of S. aureus endometritis was successfully established in the present study. Histopathological changes were observed with H&E staining, cytokines were analyzed by ELISA, mRNA was analyzed by qPCR, and proteins were detected by western blot. The results showed that piperine could significantly alleviate inflammatory injury in S. aureus endometritis. The qPCR and ELISA results showed that piperine effectively reduced the S. aureus-induced overexpression of TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6 but increased the expression of IL-10. The S. aureus-induced inflammation was related to TLR-2 and TLR-4 because the results showed that their expression was increased in S. aureus infection but then decreased with piperine treatment. To further confirm that piperine caused an anti-inflammatory response by targeting NF-κB and MAPKs, the expression of I-κB, p65, p38, ERK, and JNK was measured. The phosphorylation of I-κB, p65, p38, ERK, and JNK was inhibited by piperine in a dose-dependent manner. All of the results indicated that piperine may be a potential anti-inflammatory drug both in endometritis and in other S. aureus-induced diseases.

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