ATP mediated rolling circle amplification and opening DNA-gate for drug delivery to cell.

Here, we have developed a facile fluorometric system for the detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by a rolling circle amplification (RCA) based on proximity ligation mediated amplification, and simultaneously achieved the release of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) through the mesoporous silicon system. Once the ATP molecule is present, the linker DNA will be released from the graphene oxide (GO) surface and hybridized to the template DNA of the GO surface joining with ligation enzyme. RCA reaction is followed by the addition of the phi29 DNA polymerase. The product of RCA reaction contains a base fragment complementary to the signal DNA, allowing the fluorescent oligonucleotide probe to be released from the GO surface and fluorescence is recovered. The strong fluorescence signal realized the sensitive detection of ATP. Gate DNA were modified to the surface of the mesoporous silica (MSN) by electrostatic attraction to encapsulate DOX. After the above-mentioned RCA process, its result that long DNA chain containing a base fragment complementary to gate DNA, would be hybridized to the gate DNA strand on the surface of MSN, which opened the MSN hole and released the drug DOX into cell for HeLa cell therapy. And the specificity to folate receptor overexpressed on cell surface was satisfactory which would be beneficial for cancer therapy.

Diagnosis-Therapy Integrative Systems Based on Magnetic RNA Nanoflowers for Co-drug Delivery and Targeted Therapy.

This study was to develop a codrug delivery system for targeting cancer therapy based on magnetic RNA nanoflowers (RNA NF). Compared with traditional nucleic acid structure, convenient separation can be achieved by introducing magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) into RNA NF. Folic acid (FA) modified MNP/RNA NF (FA/MNP/RNA NF) was used as a targeting nanocarrier with excellent biocompatibility to overcome the nonselectivity of MNP/RNA NF. And then, anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) and photosensitizer 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis (1-methylpyridinium-4-yl) porphyrin (TMPyP4) binding with RNA NF were used as codrug cargo models. RNA NF was first used for codrug delivery. So, imaging fluorescent tags, target recognition element, and drug molecules were all assembled together on the surface of MNP/RNA NF. The experimental results suggested that the treatment efficacy of codrug delivery platform (FA/MNP/RNA NF/D/T) was better than single-drug delivery platform (FA/MNP/RNA NF/D). Besides, the FA/MNP/RNA NF was used as a probe for cancer cell detection. The limit of detection was 50 HeLa cells. In conclusion, the codrug delivery platform based on FA/MNP/RNA NF was a promising approach for the intracellular quantification of other biomolecules, as well as a diagnosis-therapy integrative system.

Design of a sensitive aptasensor based on magnetic microbeads-assisted strand displacement amplification and target recycling.

A cross-circular amplification system for sensitive detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cancer cells was developed based on aptamer-target interaction, magnetic microbeads (MBs)-assisted strand displacement amplification and target recycling. Here we described a new recognition probe possessing two parts, the ATP aptamer and the extension part. The recognition probe was firstly immobilized on the surface of MBs and hybridized with its complementary sequence to form a duplex. When combined with ATP, the probe changed its conformation, revealing the extension part in single-strand form, which further served as a toehold for subsequent target recycling. The released complementary sequence of the probe acted as the catalyst of the MB-assisted strand displacement reaction. Incorporated with target recycling, a large amount of biotin-tagged MB complexes were formed to stimulate the generation of chemiluminescence (CL) signal in the presence of luminol and H2O2 by incorporating with streptavidin-HRP, reaching a detection limit of ATP as low as 6.1×10(-10)M. Moreover, sample assays of ATP in Ramos Burkitt's lymphoma B cells were performed, which confirmed the reliability and practicality of the protocol.