Herbal Textual Research on Myrrha in Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

In order to provide the basis for the development of famous classical formulas containing Myrrha， the name， origin， quality evaluation， harvest and processing of Myrrha were systematically researched by consulting the ancient herbal and medical books， combining with the modern related literature. According to textual research， the results showed that Commiphora myrrha was the main base in ancient times， which was produced in Somalia， Ethiopia and northern Kenya. In addition， raw and fried products of Myrrha were the commonly used specifications in ancient herbal medicine， which are still used today. Nowadays， Myrrha， fried Myrrha and vinegar-processed Myrrha were the commonly used specifications. Among the three specifications， Myrrha is the raw products after cleaning， fried Myrrha is a kind of processed products， which has relevant records in ancient materia medica and is still used today. Vinegar-processed Myrrha is a new processing specification in modern times. Based on the research results， it is suggested that Myrrha in Shentong Zhuyutang should be the purified raw Myrrha in accordance with the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

Mechanism on moxibustion for rheumatoid arthritis based on PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the mechanism of moxibustion on the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the perspective of programmed cell death-1 and its ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1).@*METHODS@#A total of 30 Japanese big ear white rabbits were randomly divided into a control group, a model group and a moxibustion group, 10 rabbits in each one. In the model group and the moxibustion group, RA model was prepared by the injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) into the hind knee joint cavities of each rabbit. In the control group, 0.9% sodium chloride solution of the same dose was injected. On the 8th day of experiment, in the moxibustion group, moxibustion was applied to "Shenshu" (BL 23) and "Zusanli" (ST 36), 5 cones at each acupoint, on the bilateral sides alternatively, once a day, 6 treatments as one course, with an interval of 1 days between the treatment courses. Totally, 3 courses of treatment were required. On the 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days of experiment, successively, the circumference of the bilateral knee joints was measured with the tape. On the 28th day of experiment, H.E. staining was adopted to observe the histopathological morphology and to evaluate the score of knee synovial tissue. ELISA was used to determined the concentrations of soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) and its ligand 1 (sPD-L1), the interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-17 in knee synovial fluid and the concentrations of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 in serum. The histochemistry method was used to determine the expressions of membrane PD-1 (mPD-1) and its ligand 1 (mPD-L1) in spleen tissue.@*RESULTS@#On the 14th, 21st and 28th days of experiment, the circumference of both knee joints was increased in each of the rabbits in the model group as compared with the control group (<0.01), and it was reduced significantly in the moxibustion group as compared with the model group (<0.01). Compared with the control group, the hyperplasia of synovial tissue and fibrous tissue, as well as inflammatory cell infiltration were increased obviously in the model group (<0.01), and they were reduced significantly in the moxibustion group as compared with the model group (<0.01, <0.05). Compared with the control group, the concentrations of IL-2 and IL-17 in knee synovial fluid were increased in the rabbits of the model group (<0.01). Compared with the model group, after the intervention with moxibustion, the concentrations of IL-2 and IL-17 in knee synovial fluid were reduced in the rabbits of the moxibustion group (<0.05). Compared with the control group, the concentrations of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 in knee synovial fluid and serum in the rabbits of the model group were all increased (<0.05). Compared with the model group, the concentration of sPD-1 in the knee synovial fluid and serum were reduced in the rabbits of moxibustion group (<0.05). Compared with the control group, the expressions of mPD-1 and mPD-L1 in spleen tissue were increased obviously in the rabbits of the model group (<0.05). Compared with the model group, the expression of mPD-L1 in spleen tissue was up-regulated in the rabbits of the moxibustion group (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Moxibustion could inhibit the over-activation of T cells by enhancing the negative regulation of PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway so as to play its effect in treatment of RA.

Discussion and research progress in standard decoction of medicinal slices / 中国中药杂志

Standard decoction of medicinal slices has gradually acquired the height of researcher,government and enterprise for approval. And much consensus are increasingly reached. But there are lots of problem needing further discussing.This article summaries the published literature about standard decoction of medicinal slices in recent 3 years. And clarifies the origin of standard decoction of medicinal slices,explain the definition. The study status of standard decoction was reviewed and further analyzed in detail. And then the application fields of standard decoction of medicinal slices are listed. Combined with the research examples of groups,the problem in the study of standard decoction of medicinal slices was discussed. And relevant suggestions are put forward. All this is expected to provide reference in standard decoction research,the quality criterion o of formula granule and study of classical traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) excellent prescriptions.

Methodological research for the promoting effect of Dendrobium moniliforme on macrophage phagocytosis based on high-content screening / 药学学报

The aim of the present study was to explore a sensitive, stable and reliable method for evaluating the phagocytosis, in which RAW264.7 macrophages engulfed GFP-Escherichia coli was tested by high-content screening technology. The study was conducted to optimize the method in evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine in the promotion of macrophage function. By testing macrophages at different ratio of bacteria to cells (multiplicity of infection, MOI), and at different incubation time, we optimized a high content screening method and the experimental parameters to determine the impact of bacteria in macrophages (fluorescence intensity index = be swallowed bacteria/macrophages). The method was used to determine whether Dendrobium moniliforme (DM) have effects on macrophage phagocytosis. The results show that the index has a positive relationship with MOI values, and the highest index was observed at incubation time of 1.5 h. The optimized conditions was 1×104 cells/well with a MOI of 50:1 (bacteria:cells) with incubation of 1.5 h. Under this condition, the relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 10% in the precision test. Using the method to detect DM regulating macrophage phagocytosis experiment results showed that in 0.31-2.50 g·L-1 concentration range, DM has a dose-response effect in promoting phagocytosis. We successfully established the method for evaluation of macrophage phagocytosis, and proved the activity of DM in promotion of macrophage phagocytosis.

Assessment on the Efficacy and Safety of Aidi Injection Combined with Vinorelbine and Cisplatin for Treatment of Advanced Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of vinorelbine and cisplatin (NP chemotherapy) alone or in combination with Aidi injection for the treatment of advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Pertinent publications were identified in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, CQVIP, and Wanfang databases, up to December 8, 2015. After quality assessment of all included randomized controlled trials evaluating Aidi injection combined with NP chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced NSCLC, a meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.2 and STATA 12.0 for statistical analyses.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twelve studies including 509 and 503 cases in the experimental and control groups, respectively, were finally analyzed. The meta-analysis revealed that when cisplatin dose ranging from 20 to 40 mg/m 2 , combination of Aidi injection and NP chemotherapy was statistically different compared with NP chemotherapy alone in enhancing efficiency (relative risk [RR] = 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.05-1.47], P = 0.010) and reducing the incidence of Grade II or above nausea and vomiting (RR = 0.49, 95% CI [0.30-0.80], P = 0.005). Meanwhile, with cisplatin ranging from 80 to 120 mg/m 2 , no significant differences in efficiency (RR = 1.11, 95% CI [0.87-1.42], P = 0.390) and Grade II or above nausea and vomiting (RR = 0.88, 95% CI [0.71-1.10], P = 0.260) were obtained. In addition, Aidi injection combined with NP chemotherapy was superior to NP chemotherapy alone in improving the quality of life, alleviating Grade II or above leukopenia and thrombocytopenia.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Aidi injection combined with NP chemotherapy can enhance efficiency, improve the quality of life, and decrease adverse effects in patients with advanced NSCLC.</p>

Study on manufacturing process performance index of Qingkailing injection / 中国中药杂志

In this paper, the process performance indexes (PPIs) P(p) and P(pk) were introduced and applied to evaluate the process capability and quality consistence of Chinese medicine products. The historical quality analysis data of Qingkailing injection were collected and taken as the research object. The confidence intervals of P(p) and P(pk) were estimated based on the Bootstrap sampling methods. Results showed that the value and width of the confidence interval P(p) of were smaller that of P(pk) suggesting that the P(pk) index was more sensitive than P(p) in process capability analysis. Within the production period concerned, the P(pk) values estimated from different quality indexes of Qingkailing injection, such as baicalin, cholic acid, geniposide and total nitrogen, were 1.122, 2.055, 1.564 and 0.891, respectively. It could be found that the cholic acid had the highest process capability, followed by the geniposide and baicalin. The total nitrogen had the lowest process capability, indicating that it is necessary to reinforce the quality management of total nitrogen related manufacturing processes. The case studies demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of PPIs, which are convenient to be used in production practice of Chinese medicine.

Rationality of the processing methods of aconiti lateralis radix (Fuzi) based on chemical analysis / 药学学报

In this study, we explored the rationality of processing methods and mechanism of Aconiti Lateralis Radix (Fuzi) through comparing the chemical contents of diester alkaloids (DAs) and monoester alkaloids (MAs) in the raw material of Fuzi and its processed products. The results showed that the toxicity potency of MAs is at least lower than 1/64 to 1/180 of the toxicity potency of DAs. The contents of DAs in processed Fuzi decreased to 1/76.5 to 1/38.3 of the value of raw Fuzi. The contents of MAs in processed Fuzi significantly increased by 4.6 to 5.2 fold or basically the same as that of the raw Fuzi. The values of MAs/DAs of processed Fuzi were enhanced by 30 to 390 fold of the raw Fuzi. It was found that the contents of DAs were insignificantly different between "Wu dan fu pian" (steaming or stir-frying without Danba) and "Dan fu pian" (steaming or stir-frying with Danba). The result suggested that the abilities of "eliminating toxicity" of different processing methods were equivalent at all. In contrast, the contents of MAs contained in "Wu dan fu pian" were of 5.3 to 8.7 fold higher than the values in "Dan fu pian". This result suggested the processing method by steaming or stir-frying without Danba might have better effect for "conserving property" than the method processed with Danba stipulated by China Pharmacopoeia. We believe that the new processing method without Danba can be recommended in further application due to it offers a simple procedure and it will not introduce inorganic impurities in the products.

Clinical observation on the treatment of post-cesarean hypogalactia by auricular points sticking-pressing / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of auricular points sticking-pressing (APSP) in treating post-cesarean hypogalactia (PCH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A randomized, controlled, single-blinded clinical trial on 116 patients with PCH was carried out. They were equally assigned to the treatment group and the control group. The treatment group received APSP, with the pellets pressed for 4 times daily, while the control group was only asked to do lactation to meet infant demand. The therapeutic efficacy and the changes in scores of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome, volume of milk secretion, supplementary feeding and serum level of prolactin (PRL) in the two groups were estimated and compared after the patients had been treated for 5 days.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cured and markedly effective rate in the treatment group was 89.7%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (27.6%, P<0.05), 95% CI (0.1543, 0.2527). The improvement of TCM syndrome, elevation of milking volume, decrease of the supplementary feeding and increase of PRL level revealed in the treatment group were all superior to those in the control group, showing statistical significance (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>APSP shows an apparent efficacy in treating PCH and is worthy of application in clinical practice.</p>