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1.
Journal of Clinical Hepatology ; (12): 161-168, 2024.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1006443

RESUMO

Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is a pathological process of abnormal repair of liver tissue structure caused by chronic liver injury, and its pathogenesis has not been fully clarified. Related studies have shown that programmed cell death may be associated with the onset of HF, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a significant effect in regulating programmed cell death to intervene against HF. This article reviews the main mechanism of the influence of programmed cell death on HF and discusses the possible mechanism of TCM regulation of programmed cell death in improving HF, which provides new ideas for TCM prevention and treatment of HF.

2.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1005271

RESUMO

Wilson's disease (WD) is a copper metabolism disorder caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene, with diverse phenotypes and complex pathogenesis. It is one of the few rare diseases that can achieve good clinical efficacy through standardized treatment. Since there are few systematic reviews of this disease, we summarize the pathogenesis and treatment methods of WD from traditional Chinese and western medicine by reviewing the literature related to WD. In western medicine, ATP7B gene mutation is considered as the root cause of WD, which affects copper transport and causes copper metabolism disorders. The excessive copper deposited in the body will result in oxidative stress, defects in mitochondrial function, and cell death. Western medicine treatment of WD relies mainly on drugs, and copper antagonists are the first choice in clinical practice, which are often combined with hepatoprotective and antioxidant therapy. Surgery is a common therapy for the patients with end-stage WD, and gene therapy provides an option for WD patients. According to the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, WD is rooted in constitutional deficiency and copper accumulation and triggered by dampness-heat accumulation or phlegm combined with stasis. The patient syndrome varies in different stages of the disease, and thus the treatment should be based on syndrome differentiation. The TCM treatment method of nourishing the liver and kidneys and warming the spleen and kidneys can address the root cause. The methods of clearing heat and drying dampness, resolving phlegm and dispelling stasis, and soothing liver and regulating qi movement can be adopted to treat symptoms. On the basis of syndrome differentiation, special prescriptions for the treatment of WD have been formulated, such as Gandou decoction, Gandouling, and Gandou Fumu decoction, which have been widely used in clinical practice. TCM and western medicine have their own advantages and shortcomings. The integrated Chinese and western medicine complementing with each other demonstrates great therapeutic potential. This paper summarizes the pathogenesis and treatment of WD with integrated Chinese and western medicine, aiming to provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

3.
Fitoterapia ; 165: 105313, 2023 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36179899

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To investigate changes in the chemical composition of malts under different germination cycles and prepared with different processing methods, thus providing a reference for the clinical application of malt in disease treatment. METHODS: Nine malt samples were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS), and the MS fragmentation pathway of 4 compounds (including hordenine, gramine, N-methyltyramine and catechin) were also analyzed. RESULTS: By database comparison and literature search, we detected 31 compounds in raw barley and 33 compounds in both raw malt and roasted malt. Nonetheless, the most of these 33 compounds were detected higher contents in raw malt than in roasted malt. Besides, we detected 15 compounds in brown malt. At Day1 of germination, 31 compounds were detected in malt, without two alkaloids (representative: hordenine). At Day2-5, 33 compounds were detected, with different contents as shown by the peak area comparison; hordenine had a gradually increasing abundance; and nearly one third of the chemical components in barley increased gradually, one third decreased gradually, and one third tended to be stable. CONCLUSION: Malts under different germination cycles and prepared with different processing methods have varying active ingredients, and especially brown malt exhibits a serious loss of compounds. The tight association between the chemical composition and clinical application of malt offers a basis to the clinically scientific and reasonable selection of Chinese medicinal materials for treatment purposes.


Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Hordeum , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Estrutura Molecular
4.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-981347

RESUMO

Starting with the relationship between mulberry leaves and silkworm droppings as food and metabolites, this study systematically compared the chemical components, screened out differential components, and quantitatively analyzed the main differential components based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and UPLC-Q-TRAP-MS combined with principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA). Moreover, the in vitro enzymatic transformation of the representative differential components was studied. The results showed that(1) 95 components were identified from mulberry leaves and silkworm droppings, among which 27 components only exist in mulberry leaves and 8 components in silkworm droppings. The main differential components were flavonoid glycosides and chlorogenic acids.(2) Nineteen components with significant difference were quantitatively analyzed, and the components with significant differences and high content were neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, and rutin.(3) The crude protease in the mid-gut of silkworm significantly metabolized neochlorogenic acid and chlorogenic acid, which may be an important reason for the efficacy change in mulberry leaves and silkworm droppings. This study lays a scientific foundation for the development, utilization, and quality control of mulberry leaves and silkworm droppings. It provides references for clarifying the possible material basis and mechanism of the pungent-cool and dispersing nature of mulberry leaves transforming into the pungent-warm and dampness-resolving nature of silkworm droppings, and offers a new idea for the study of nature-effect transformation mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine.


Assuntos
Animais , Bombyx , Morus/química , Ácido Clorogênico/análise , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Folhas de Planta/química
5.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-989670

RESUMO

Intestinal flora imbalance and abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism are important risk factors and pathological mechanisms of colorectal polyps. "Spleen deficiency and dampness accumulation" is the core pathogenesis of colorectal polyps. The imbalance of intestinal flora is related to spleen deficiency, and the application of Chinese herbs for invigorating spleen is helpful to the recovery of intestinal flora balance. Abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism is related to dampness accumulation, and it is effective to treat it with bitter and spicy herbs or spleen-invigorating and dampness-eliminating herbs. The interaction between intestinal flora imbalance and abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism changes intestinal microenvironment, damages intestinal epithelial cells, causes abnormal proliferation of intestinal stem cells and leads to colorectal polyps, which is consistent with the pathogenesis of spleen deficiency and dampness accumulation in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Thus, we tried to explore the biological connotation of the pathogenesis of "spleen deficiency and dampness accumulation" of colorectal polyps from the perspective of the interaction of intestinal flora and glucose and lipid metabolism, in order to provide reference for identifying high-risk population and analyzing the therapeutic mechanism of compound prescription for invigorating spleen and removing dampness.

6.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis ; 32(11): 2612-2620, 2022 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36064684

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The relationship between vitamin D and heart failure (HF) has attracted significant interest, but the association between the two in previous studies remains uncertain. Therefore, we used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate a causal association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and HF risk. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study utilized summary statistics from the most extensive genome-wide association studies for 25OHD and HF. To make the results more reliable, we used several methods based on three assumptions for MR analysis. We also used the multivariable MR adjusting for hypertension, BMI, diabetes, chronic kidney disease to further elucidate the association between 25OHD and HF. Considering the potential pleiotropy, we performed an MR analysis with conditionally independent genetic instruments at core genes to further determine the relationship between vitamin D and heart failure. We found that per 1 SD increase in standardized log-transformed 25OHD level, the relative risk of HF decreased by 16.5% (OR: 0.835, 95% Cl: 0.743-0.938, P = 0.002), and other MR methods also showed consistent results. The multivariable MR also reported that per 1 SD increase in standardized log-transformed 25OHD level, the relative risk of HF decreased. And the scatter plots showed a trend towards an inverse MR association between 25OHD levels, instrumented by the core 25OHD genes, and HF. CONCLUSION: In summary, we found a potential inverse association between elevated 25OHD levels and the risk of HF, which suggested that timely 25OHD supplementation or maintaining adequate 25OHD concentrations may be an essential measure for HF prevention in the general population.


Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca , Análise da Randomização Mendeliana , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/genética , Humanos , Análise da Randomização Mendeliana/métodos , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Vitamina D , Vitaminas
7.
Pak J Pharm Sci ; 35(4): 1037-1041, 2022 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36008900

RESUMO

The current study aimed to establish simple and quick quality evaluation method of Chishao based on QAMS. Oxypaeoniflorin is used as a marker in the Chishao root. Based on it, the content of other components could be obtained by establishing the mathematical relationship. UPLC method was used to collect data, and the detection wavelengths were 230nm (benzoic acid, paeoniflorin), 263nm (hydroxy paeoniflorin) 274nm (gallic acid, paeoniflorin, catechin), respectively. The stationary phase was an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 and the mobile phase was acetonitrile -0.1% formic acid-water. The gradient elution method was adopted at the certain flow rate (0.3 mL/min). The column temperature set 40oC, and the injection volume was 1µL. Multiple reaction monitoring mode was selected for data collection. The linear ranges of benzoic acid, paeoniflorin, hydroxy-paeoniflorin, gallic acid, catechin and paeoniflorinhad good linearity (r ≥0.9995). The UPLC method was established to determine the content of paeoniflorin, benzoic acid, catechin, gallic acid, paeoniflorin, andhydroxy-paeoniflorin in Radix Paeoniae Rubra. In the current study, the method for the chemical components in Radix Paeoniae Rubra to provide the evaluation basis of medicinal effects.


Assuntos
Catequina , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Paeonia , Ácido Benzoico , Hidrocarbonetos Aromáticos com Pontes , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Ácido Gálico , Monoterpenos , Paeonia/química , Caramujos
8.
Cancer Research and Clinic ; (6): 554-557, 2022.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-958891

RESUMO

Pelvic arterial isolated perfusion chemotherapy is a kind of regional chemotherapy. It works by two balloons placed in inferior vena cava and abdominal aorta and tourniquets placed in both lower extremities. Thus pelvic blood circulation can be isolated from the systemic circulation. The chemotherapy drugs are perfused into the pelvic region to achieve local exposure to higher drug concentration than the systematic chemotherapy. The pelvic arterial isolated perfusion chemotherapy is expected to be a new complementary therapy for unresectable pelvic tumors. The use of this technology in neoadjuvant therapy can achieve downgrading of unresectable tumors, and some patients achieve long-term survival after surgery. There are almost no relevant domestic reports yet, and this article discusses the principles, clinical efficacy, safety and complications of this technology.

9.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-940701

RESUMO

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of Gandou Fumu granules (GDFM) in the treatment of Wilson disease (WD) with liver-kidney deficiency and phlegm-blood stasis. MethodNinety WD patients in The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine were randomly divided into a control group (45 cases) and a treatment group (45 cases). All patients were treated with sodium 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate (DMPS), while those in the treatment group received additional GDFM. All patients were treated for four courses (32 days). The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores,clinical effective rate,24 h urinary copper,ceruloplasmin (CER),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6 (IL-6),superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of the two groups before and after treatment were observed. ResultAfter treatment, the TCM syndrome scores of the two groups decreased (P<0.01),and the score of TCM syndrome in the treatment group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.01). The total effective rate of the treatment group was 82.22% (37/45), higher than 57.78% (26/45) of the control group (χ2=6.402,P<0.05). There was no significant difference in CER before and after treatment in both groups. The post-treatment 24 hour urinary copper increased (P<0.01), which was higher in the treatment group than that in the control group (P<0.05). The TNF-α,IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were significantly reduced in both groups after treatment(P<0.01),and the above indicators in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). After treatment,the SOD level increased and the MDA level decreased in the control group (P<0.01), while no significant difference in GSH-Px level was observed. The SOD and GSH-Px levels increased and the MDA level decreased in the treatment group (P<0.01). After treatment, SOD and GSH-Px levels of the treatment group were higher than those in the control group, while the MDA level was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05,P<0.01). ConclusionGDFM can improve the TCM syndrome score and clinical efficacy,enhance the copper removing effect,and inhibit the inflammatory response and antioxidative stress in the treatment of WD with liver and kidney deficiency and phlegm-blood stasis.

10.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-940343

RESUMO

Through consulting the ancient herbal medicine, prescription books and medical books, combined with modern relevant literature, standards and other information, this paper made a textual research on the name, origin, producing areas, harvesting and processing methods of Astragali Radix according to different historical development periods, providing a basis for the development of famous classical formulas containing Astragali Radix. According to the textual research, the original name of Astragali Radix is Huangqi, and "Qi" originally refers to the medicinal material Zhimu. Some people began to mistake it for Huangqi in the Ming dynasty, and then gradually used Astragali Radix as a medicinal material. The mainstream basis of Astragali Radix can be determined as the dried roots of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus or A. membranaceus. In different historical periods, A. floridus, A. chrysopterus, A. emestii and other plants of Astragalus or even non-Astragalus were used as local Astragali Radix. The earliest production areas of Astragali Radix were Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Gansu, and then gradually expanded to the northeast. Since the Song dynasty, Mianqi in Shanxi province has been regarded as the genuine variety. In the Qing dynasty, besides Shanxi province, Inner Mongolia was also regarded as a genuine place. In the Republic of China, Huangqi produced in northeast China was praised highly. It is mainly produced in Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, northeast and other provinces. The main commodity is cultivated products, and the quality of wild imitation cultivation in Datong and Xinzhou is better than other places. There are many processing methods of Huangqi recorded in the materia medica and prescription books, most of which are raw products, and honey processing is the mainstream of processed products. Based on the current situation of resource cultivation and production, 11 famous classical formulas in The Catalogue of Ancient Famous Classical Formulas (The First Batch) containing Huangqi suggested that all use A. membranaceus var. mongholicus, especially those from Datong and Xinzhou in Shanxi Province. In addition to honey processing of Qingxin Lianziyin, it is suggested to use raw products for other formulas.

11.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-940342

RESUMO

Through consulting the ancient and modern literature, this paper makes a textual research on the name, origin, producing area, harvesting and processing of Poria, so as to provide a basis for the development of the famous classical formulas containing this medicinal material. The description of Poria and the characteristics of the attached figures in the Chinese herbal literature of the past dynasties are consistent with Poria cocos. The medicinal parts are dried sclerotia or P. cocos peel. Poria was originally produced in Taishan, Shandong province. In the Tang dynasty, along with the change of pine forest resources, producing area of Poria was transferred to Huashan area in Shaanxi province. In the Ming dynasty, the authentic producing area was transferred to Yunnan, and has continued to now. In ancient times, the processing methods of Poria were steaming, boiling, slicing, mashing and other subsequent processing after peeling. It is suggested that Poria in famous classical formulas should be sliced according to the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

12.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-940341

RESUMO

Through consulting the ancient and modern literature, this paper makes a textual research on the name, origin, producing area, harvesting and processing methods of Asini Corii Colla, so as to provide a basis for the development of the famous classical formulas containing the medicinal material. Before the Tang dynasty, cow leather was the main source of Asini Corii Colla, and donkey was rare as an introduced species. From the end of Tang dynasty to Song dynasty, due to the development of doctors' understanding of the properties and effects of medicines, with the increase of the number of donkeys and the limitation of the use of cow leather, the source of Asini Corii Colla changed from cow leather to donkey skin. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the theory of medicine property was further developed, and all doctors basically agreed that black donkey skin and E-well water were two essential factors for making genuine Asini Corii Colla. Therefore, it is suggested that Asini Corii Colla should take Equus asinus as the authentic origin in the development of the famous classical formulas, attach importance to the quality of water source, take Liaocheng in Shandong province as the authentic producing area, and the processing should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

13.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-940340

RESUMO

Based on the ancient literature of all dynasties, this article makes a systematic textual research on the name, origin, producing area, quality, harvesting and processing of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex used in the famous classical formulas, and clarifies its information of each link in different historical periods, so as to provide a reference and basis for the development and utilization of the related formulas. The results showed that the main varieties of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex were Magnolia officinalis or M. officinalis var. biloba. The main production areas are Hubei, Sichuan, Chongqing and other places, forming the famous authentic medicine. The processing methods of the past dynasties are mainly cleansing and processing with ginger. In the formulas clearly marked with ginger processing, ginger-processed products is suggested to choose. If not clearly marked, raw or ginger-processed products can be used as needed.

14.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-940339

RESUMO

This paper made a systematic textual research on the historical evolution and changes of the name, origin, producing area, harvesting and processing methods of Jujubae Fructus used in famous classical formulas by referring to the ancient literature, so as to provide a basis for the sampling and research of the formulas containing the medicinal materials. According to textual research, there are many names of Jujubae Fructus, most of which are named by characters or producing areas, which are called Dazao. Ziziphus jujuba has always been the mainstream variety in all dynasties, and Z. jujuba var. inemmis has also been used. Considering that the differences between the two are not obvious, we can use Z. jujuba and Z. jujuba var. inemmis as the origins of Dazao. The germplasm resources of Jujubae Fructus are rich, which are distributed all over the country. Qingzhou (now Shandong), Jinzhou (now Shanxi) Jiangzhou (now Shanxi), Puzhou (now Shanxi) have been recorded as authentic producing areas of Jujubae Fructus in the past dynasties, especially in Shandong. At the beginning of the 21st century, the planting of Jujubae Fructus in Xinjiang gradually developed, and now has a high market recognition, becoming an emerging production area of high-quality samples. Harvest period of Jujubae Fructus is mostly August in the past dynasties, and this is basically the same as today. The main processing method is simple cleansing and drying. Through textual research, it is suggested that Jujubae Fructus in famous classical formulas should be mainly from Shandong, Shanxi and other traditional high-quality producing areas, the processing method should follow the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia for simple cleansing and drying.

15.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-940338

RESUMO

In this paper, the name, origin, producing area, quality evaluation, harvesting and processing methods of Scrophulariae Radix used in the famous classical formulas were researched by consulting related ancient materia medica, medical books and prescription books. The results showed that the name of Scrophulariae Radix originated from its shape and color. Scrophularia ningpoensis, one of the eight flavors of Zhejiang, has been highly praised in the past as a genuine base, and its authentic production area is Zhejiang. Quality of Scrophulariae Radix is best if it has a dry body, thin skin, thick branches, firm physique, black inner color, net basal part of stem, and no fine whiskers. In ancient times, the origin processing was divided into two types, including sun-dried after steaming and directly sun-dried. While it mostly used a combination of drying and sweating in modern times. Before the Ming dynasty, the processing of Scrophulariae Radix was mainly steamed. Occasionally, the stir-frying appeared. In the Ming dynasty and after the Ming dynasty, wine processing emerged such as hot wine mixed roasting, wine washing, wine steaming, because the ancients believed that wine could enhance its efficacy and reduce its cold property. In the Qing dynasty, the method of steaming and baking appeared in the water and fire system. According to the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the processing of Scrophulariae Radix includes removing rhizome residues and impurities, washing, moistening, cutting into thin slices, and drying, or soaking slightly, steaming thoroughly, drying slightly, cutting into thin slices, and drying. Referring to the relevant national documents, it is suggested that raw products of Scrophulariae Radix should be used in Liangditang and Simiao Yong′antang.

16.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-940336

RESUMO

Based on various ancient documents such as materia medica, prescription books, classics and history, combined with relevant research materials in modern times, this paper made a textual research on the name, origin, geoherbalism, harvesting time, processing methods of Chuanxiong Rhizoma, which provides a basis for the development of famous classical formulas containing this herb. According to the textual research, the original name of Chuanxiong is Xiongqiong (芎䓖), which was first recorded in Shennong Bencaojing , there are many aliases and trade names in the past dynasties. Since the Song dynasty, doctors all take Xiongqiong produced in Sichuan as the best medicine, so they take Chuanxiong as the rectification of name. In the early stage, the origin of Chuanxiong Rhizoma was relatively complicated, and the main origin was Ligusticum chuanxiong, which was a cultivated and domesticated species of Ligusticum. However, wild related plants of Ligusticum are still used as medicine. After the Ming dynasty, new cultivated varieties appeared in various places, such as Jiangxi L. sinense cv. Fuxiong, which gradually turned to self-production and self-marketing after the Republic of China. After several changes in the authentic producing area of Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Tianshui in Gansu province was highly praised in the Tang dynasty, and Dujiangyan in Sichuan province was the best place in the Song dynasty and later dynasties. Chuanxiong Rhizoma has been widely used in the past dynasties as raw products, and it has also been processed with excipients. For example, wine-processed products can enhance the effect of promoting blood circulation, promoting Qi circulation and relieving pain. There are other processing methods such as stir-frying and vinegar processing. Chuanxiong Rhizoma in the famous classical formulas can be selected according to this research conclusion.

17.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-940335

RESUMO

In this paper, the name, varieties, raw materials and manufacturing technology of maltose in the famous classical formulas were researched by consulting the herbal medicines, medical books, prescription books and modern literature of past dynasties, which provided the basis for the development and utilization of formulas containing maltose. Through textual research, it can be seen that the name of maltose has been derived from its shape, texture, preparation method, raw materials and producing area. In ancient times, maltose was mainly divided into soft and hard types according to the texture. Those who are wet and soft as honey are called "syrup" or "jelly", while those who are hard and white are called "malt" and "sugar". In modern times, they are mostly called malt sugar, only jelly is used as medicine, and malt is mostly used as food. Throughout the ages, medicinal maltose were made of Oryza sativa var. glutinosa as the raw material and Hordeum vulgare as malt, prepared by fermenting, decocting and concentrating. The maltose made from other cereals such as Setaria italica var. germanica, Panicum miliaceum is slightly inferior in quality. The 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia did not include maltose, but included malt sugar, a pharmaceutical excipient, which was a crystal powder with high purity. But maltose was included in the national food standard and the local processing specification. Based on the textual research results, it is suggested that malt syrup in GB/T 20883-2017 can be used as the reference for the development of formulas containing maltose, and O. sativa var. glutinosa, H. vulgare are clearly used as raw materials.

18.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-940334

RESUMO

By consulting the ancient herbal and medical books, combined with modern literature, the name, origin, geoherbalism, harvesting and processing changes of Bambusae Caulis in Taenias in famous classical formulas were sorted out. According to the research, ancient doctors only approved three kinds of bamboo medicinal materials, namely, Jinzhu (䈽竹), Kuzhu (苦竹) and Danzhu (淡竹), and took bamboo leaves, made Bambusae Caulis in Taenias and Zhuli (竹沥) for medicine. Bamboo medicinal materials with different origins have different properties, tastes and effects, after clinical optimization, it is gradually considered that Danzhu is the best source of Bambusae Caulis in Taenias and Zhuli. According to the morphological description of the original plants and the attached drawings, it is considered that the Danzhu in ancient Chinese materia medica should be Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis, which has been included in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia as one of the genuine sources of Bambusae Caulis in Taenias. Therefore, It is suggested that P. nigra var. henonis can be added as the source of Bambusae Caulis in Taenias in famous classical formulas, and the medicinal part is the dry middle layer of its stem. Ginger-processed can increase the anti emetic effect of Bambusae Caulis in Taenias, and the three formulas involving Bambusae Caulis in Taenias from The Catalogue of Ancient Famous Classical Formulas (The First Batch) all contain ginger, and the processing method of Bambusae Caulis in Taenias is not marked in the original formula, so it is suggested to use raw products in the three formulas of Jupi Zhurutang, Wendantang and Zhurutang.

19.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-940333

RESUMO

In this study, name, origin, producing areas, harvesting time and processing methods of ancient Alismatis Rhizoma were systematically researched by consulting the literature of ancient herbs, medical and prescription books, so as to provide a basis for the development of famous classical formula containing this herb. According to textual research, the main base of ancient Alismatis Rhizoma was Alisma plantago-aquatica and A. orientale. A. canaliculatum and A. gramineum and other genera were sometimes used as the source of Alismatis Rhizoma, there was a confusion of medicinal varieties. The earliest producing area of Alismatis Rhizoma was in today's Henan province, and later Hanzhong, Shaanxi province, became the high-quality producing area of Alismatis Rhizoma. Since the Ming dynasty, its production area expanded to Fujian. In the Qing dynasty, Jian'ou in Fujian was the authentic production area of Alismatis Rhizoma. In the period of the Republic of China, Sichuan and Jiangxi were added to the production areas of Alismatis Rhizoma. Based on the research results, it is suggested that the dried tubers of A. orientale from Fujian and Jiangxi or A. plantago-aquatica from Sichuan should be used in the famous classical formulas. In ancient times, Alismatis Rhizoma was processed by wine, but most of the standards and specifications in modern times are no longer included the processing specifications of Alismatis Rhizoma with wine. Although salt-processed Alismatis Rhizoma is commonly used in modern times, it didn't become one of the main processing methods until the Qing dynasty. According to the relevant national documents, it is suggested that Alismatis Rhizoma without clear processing requirements in famous classical formulas should be used as raw products, and the formulas with processing requirements should be selected as processed products such as salt and wine according to the meaning of the formulas.

20.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-940332

RESUMO

Through consulting the ancient herbal and medical books, combined with the field investigation, the name, origin, collection and processing of Dendrobium medicinal materials were researched, which provided a basis for the development of famous classical formulas containing this kind of herbs. Due to the wide distribution of D. officinale, the Dendrobium species represented by D. officinale and D. huoshanense, which are short, fleshy and rich in mucus, should be the most mainstream of Dendrobium medicinal materials in previous dynasties. Compared with Shihu, Muhu with loose texture, long and hollow is born on trees. According to the characteristic description, it should be D. nobile, D. fimbriatum and so on, of which D. nobile was the mainstream. The Chinese meaning of Jinchai was confused in the past dynasties, so it was not suitable to be treated as a plant name. The production areas of Dendrobium medicinal materials in the past dynasties have changed with the discovery of varieties, artificial cultivation and other factors. Lu'an, Anhui province, was the earliest recorded in the Han and Wei dynasties. Since the Tang and Song dynasties, it had been extended to Guangdong and Guangxi, and it was considered that "Dendrobii Caulis in Guangnan was the best". In the Ming dynasty, Sichuan and Zhejiang products were highly praised, and in the Qing dynasty, Huoshan products were highly praised. Dendrobium medicinal materials had been used as medicine by stems in all dynasties. The medicinal materials were divided into fresh products and dry products. The fresh products can be used immediately after removing the sediment from the roots. The dry products need further processing, most of them used wine as auxiliary materials for steaming, simmer to paste or decoction into medicine. D. officinale and D. huoshanense have special processing specifications since the middle of Qing dynasty, that is, "Fengdou". According to the research results, in Ganluyin, the effect of Dendrobium medicinal materials is mainly heat clearing, and D. nobile with bitter taste can be selected. The main effect of Dendrobium medicinal materials in Dihuang Yinzi is tonic, D. officinale or D. huoshanense can be selected.

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