Purification and identification of xanthine oxidase inhibitory peptides from enzymatic hydrolysate of α-lactalbumin and bovine colostrum casein.

The development of food-derived Xanthine Oxidase (XO) inhibitors is critical to the treatment of hyperuricemia and oxidative stress-related disease. Few studies report on milk protein hydrolysates' XO inhibitory activity, with the mechanism of their interaction remaining elusive. Here, different commercial enzymes were used to hydrolyze α-lactalbumin and bovine colostrum casein. The two proteins hydrolyzed by alkaline protease exhibited the most potent XO inhibitory activity (bovine casein: IC50 = 0.13 mg mL-1; α-lactalbumin: IC50 = 0.28 mg mL-1). Eight potential XO inhibitory peptides including VYPFPGPI, GPVRGPFPIIV, VYPFPGPIPN, VYPFPGPIHN, QLKRFSFRSFIWR, LVYPFPGPIHN, AVFPSIVGR, and GFININSLR (IC50 of 4.67-8.02 mM) were purified and identified from alkaline protease hydrolysates by using gel filtration, LC-MS/MS and PeptideRanker. The most important role of inhibiting activity of peptides is linked to hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding based on the results of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. The enzymatic hydrolysate of α-lactalbumin and bovine colostrum casein could be a competitive candidates for hyperuricemia-resisting functional food.

Effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people living with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

We summarize the evidence on non-pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people living with dementia(PlwD). A literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and clinicaltrials.gov. Up to August 20, 2022. Six studies met our eligibility criteria. Light therapy, the therapeutic pet-type robotic seal(PRAO), and slow-stroke back massage(SSBM) are non-pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in PlwD.PARO increased night-time sleep duration (p < 0.05). The benefit of SSBM for sleep disturbances in PlwD is unclear (p > 0.05). Although there is a lack of evidence for the effect of light therapy on sleep disturbances in PlwD (p > 0.05), light therapy reduced sleep disturbance (SMD = -0.38; 95% CI:1.25, 0.48), increased sleep efficiency (MD = 3.77; 95% CI:-0.23, 7.78), and also reduced depression (MD = -2.49; 95% CI: -2.92, -2.06). More large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed and consider combining multiple non-pharmacological measures for sleep interventions in PlwD.

A Narrative Review of Nutritional Therapy for Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients Underwent Surgery.

Background: Patients with gastrointestinal cancer often suffer from malnutrition during tumor progression. Malnutrition is associated with postoperative complications and decreased quality of life. Supporting cancer patients with proper nutrition is vital for improving their prognoses.Method: Google scholar and PubMed database searches were performed. Selection criteria included gastrointestinal cancer, surgery, ω - 3 fatty acids, randomized clinical trials from 2007 to August 2022.Conclusion: Nutritional therapy includes nutritional counseling, enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition, and oral nutritional supplements. Immune nutrients like glutamine and ω-3 fatty acid have been demonstrated with benefits in reducing inflammatory responses and postoperative complications, regulating immune function and improving prognosis.