Changes in forms of Indigo Naturalis slices in ancient and modern times: a systematic study on quality of purified Indigo Naturalis and crude Indigo Naturalis / 中国中药杂志

Indigo Naturalis has a long history of medicinal use with particularity and complexity in its processing. Before the Ming dynasty,Indigo Naturalis was extracted from the top layer of zymotic fluid,called " purified Indigo Naturalis". In modern processing,the precipitate " crude Indigo Naturalis" is dried to produce Indigo Naturalis after impurity removal. The form of Indigo Naturalis slices has undergone significant changes in ancient and modern times. In view of this,the quality comparison between crude Indigo Naturalis and purified Indigo Naturalis was conducted in this study with modern analytical techniques. Firstly,chemical composition was analyzed with UPLC-Q-TOF-MS,and the chemical composition of scent with HS-SPME/GC-MS/MS. The content of indigo,indirubin,total ash,and water-soluble extract was determined as well as the inorganic composition in crude Indigo Naturalis and purified Indigo Naturalis. Then,their microscopic morphology was observed and the surface element composition was investigated. Finally,the antipyretic activities of crude Indigo Naturalis and purified Indigo Naturalis were compared in the fever rat model induced by lipopolysaccharide and 2,4-dinitrophenol. The results demonstrated that the purified Indigo Naturalis had a faster and more lasting antipyretic effect,while the crude Indigo Naturalis had almost no antipyretic effect. This study is of great significance to the research on processing technology of Indigo Naturalis and provides reference for the formulation of its quality standards,production specifications and calibration procedures.

Strategies and ideas of comprehensive development and utilization of medicine and food homologous variety Phyllanthus emblica / 中国中药杂志

Phyllanthus emblica is a kind of traditional medicine and medicinal and edible plant, with rich variety resources and high development value. It is a key poverty alleviation variety in China at present. As P. emblica processing industry is rising gradually in recent years, in order to fully develop and utilize its industrial resources, this paper systematically introduces current comprehensive development and utilization of P. emblica, discusses the problems in P. emblica processing industry, and puts forward comprehensive development and utilization strategies and industrial models in terms of cultivation, breeding, grading, quality evaluation and waste recycling, so as to provide a certain reference for promoting the high-quality development of P. emblica industry in China.

Research progress of Phyllanthi Fructus and prediction of its Q-markers / 中国中药杂志

Phyllanthi Fructus, a unique Chinese and Tibetan medicinal plant with both edible and medical values, has high potential of cultivation and development. The resources of Phyllanthi Fructus in China are rich, mainly distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, etc. Phyllanthi Fructus is widely used in the clinical practice of Chinese medicine and plays an important role in Tibetan medicine, Uyghur medicine, Yi medicine, and Mongolian medicine. Phyllanthi Fructus mainly contains phenolic acids,tannins, terpenes, sterols, fatty acids, flavonoids, amino acids and other compounds. Modern pharmacological studies show that Phyllanthi Fructus has antioxidant, anticancer, blood lipid-lowering, liver protective, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immune regulatory activities. In this paper, the research status of Phyllanthi Fructus was reviewed from the aspects of herbal textual research,chemical composition, and pharmacological action. The quality markers(Q-markers) of Phyllanthi Fructus were predicted and analyzed from the aspects of biogenic pathway, specificity and measurability of chemical components, efficacy, properties, new clinical uses, drug-food homology, and transformation of polyphenols. The results will provide a scientific basis for the quality control, quality evaluation, and standard formulation of Phyllanthi Fructus.

Pharmaceutical mechanism and control strategy for storage of ellagic acid stably in traditional Chinese medicine oral liquid / 药学学报

Ellagic acid is ubiquitous in plants and is considered as a potential candidate for antioxidant and antineoplastic drugs. However, ellagic acid has poor solubility and precipitates easily even after initial solubilization. Improvement of its bioavailability has been a concern of pharmaceutical industry. It was found that storage in Sanlejiang oral liquid at low temperature keeps its stability. Ellagic acid is anomalous in a way that is easily soluble at low temperatures but precipitates at high temperatures. In order to reveal the mechanism of this phenomenon and develop precipitation prevention and control strategies, ellagic acid in Sanlejiang oral liquid was stored at high, medium and low temperatures for three months. The changes of composition and phase state of the whole system during storage were systematically tracked and studied by means of precipitation amount or morphology, HPLC chemical profile of supernatant versus precipitates, and comprehensive characterization of physical phase state. The results show that the amount of precipitation at low temperature is only 1/3 of that at normal room temperature. As the temperature rises, the sedimentation increases sharply. HPLC analyses of supernatant versus precipitates revealed that ellagic acid precipitation originated from two ways: chemical degradation and physical deposition. The chemical sedimentation is related to the hydrolysis of tannins under acidic condition, forming chebulagic acid and corilagin. Physical sedimentation is related to the decrease of the association degree and viscosity of polyphenol colloids when temperature rises. This study elucidated the stability mechanism of ellagic acid in liquid preparations of TCM, and provided the mechanistic basis for efficient utilization and solution prepartion of ellagic acid.

Research progress in instability mechanism and stabilizer of anthocyanins in oral liquid preparation of traditional Chinese medicine / 药学学报

Anthocyanins has a high health benefits and biological activity, which can make the solution easily absorbed and has a bright color, beautiful appearance in oral liquid. However, due to its particularity antioxidant activity, it is easy to be affected by the external physical and chemical factors, and then oxidation, polymerization, degradation and other unstable phenomena occurs that seriously affect the stability of products and shelf life. The traditional methods of pH regulation, deoxygenation and light avoidance could not meet the demand of stable anthocyanins. Addition of stabilizer to anthocyanins is a new effective way to improve the stability of anthocyanins. This paper is prepared to summarize systematically the principle and application methods of anthocyanins stabilizers to explore the key technology of clarification and stabilization of traditional Chinese medicine in the natural oral liquid, which may provide theoretical support and technical reference for the development and utilization of anthocyanins stabilizer.

Research Progress on the Prediction Methods for Settling Stability of Heterogeneous Liquid Preparations / 中国药学杂志

Heterogeneous liquid preparations are widely used in clinic, and played an important role in pharmaceutical preparations. But at the same time, since the instability of the physical and chemical properties of the heterogeneous liquid preparation, the dispersed particles have a large specific surface energy and form a thermodynamic unstable system. Especially when in the traditional Chinese medicine liquid preparation, which has a large number of unknown non quantitative components, can easily appear the phenomenon of subsidence, coalescence, stratification and phase inversion during the storage process. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the stability observation and prediction of heterogeneous liquid preparation for its prescription design, production process screening, quality evaluation, storage and transportation. However, only in the fields of food, beverage, cosmetics and other related fields have some research at home and abroad for the moment, and we fond there are few reports on heterogeneous liquid formulations. This paper attempts to study the methods of stability prediction in the fields mentioned above, and then we expect to provide a reference for the establishment of rapid, accurate, economic, scientific and objective prediction methods of the heterogeneous liquid preparation.