RESUMO
Purpose: Many children with complex needs exhibit eating, drinking, and/or swallowing disorders (dysphagia). These children often have associated learning needs, and require assistance from carers for daily tasks such as eating and drinking. The aim of this study was to identify which strategies to manage dysphagia were challenging for family carers, and reasons for any non-adherence.Method: In this service evaluation researchers observed carers during mealtimes, and investigated carer opinions of strategies used to minimise the risks of dysphagia. Eight children with complex needs aged 3.4-7.5 years and their primary family caregiver participated.Results: Adherence with speech and language pathologists' dysphagia recommendations overall was over 50% in all but one case. For specific strategies, the highest adherence was observed for diet modifications of foods (89%), communication during the mealtime (83%), amount of food to present (81%), and the pacing of fluids and foods (81%). Lower levels of adherence were identified in relation to postural management (58%), environmental changes (58%), utensils (56%), and preparatory strategies (49%).Conclusions: Adherence with use of strategies to support mealtimes was over 50% in all but one case. Findings suggest that support is essential to promote safe mealtimes, reduce family carers' stress and increase knowledge, confidence, and adherence in implementing dysphagia guidelines in the family home. Implications for rehabilitationDifficulties with eating, drinking and swallowing (dysphagia) can impact on the parent-child mealtime experience.Mealtime strategies as recommended by a speech-language pathologist can support children who have difficulties eating, drinking, and swallowing.Some strategies to support eating, drinking, and swallowing are easier for carers to adhere to than others.
Assuntos
Cuidado da Criança , Transtornos de Deglutição , Métodos de Alimentação , Terapia Miofuncional , Pais , Cooperação e Adesão ao Tratamento , Cuidadores/psicologia , Criança , Cuidado da Criança/métodos , Cuidado da Criança/psicologia , Cuidado da Criança/provisão & distribuição , Pré-Escolar , Deglutição , Transtornos de Deglutição/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Deglutição/etiologia , Transtornos de Deglutição/fisiopatologia , Transtornos de Deglutição/reabilitação , Feminino , Grécia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Terapia Miofuncional/métodos , Terapia Miofuncional/psicologia , Avaliação das Necessidades , Relações Pais-Filho , Pais/educação , Pais/psicologia , Patologia da Fala e Linguagem/métodos , Cooperação e Adesão ao Tratamento/psicologia , Cooperação e Adesão ao Tratamento/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Children with neurological disabilities frequently have problems with feeding and swallowing. Such problems have a significant impact on the health and well-being of these children and their families. The primary aims in the rehabilitation of pediatric feeding and swallowing disorders are focused on supporting growth, nutrition and hydration, the development of feeding activities, and ensuring safe swallowing with the aim of preventing choking and aspiration pneumonia. Pediatric feeding and swallowing disorders can be divided into four groups: transient, developmental, chronic or progressive.This article provides an overview of the available literature about the rehabilitation of feeding and swallowing disorders in infants and children. Principles of motor control, motor learning and neuroplasticity are discussed for the four groups of children with feeding and swallowing disorders.