RESUMO
We have recently found that a combination of ovariectomy (OVX) and chronic restraint stress causes cognitive dysfunction and reduces hippocampal CA3 neurons in female rats and that estrogen replacement suppresses the OVX/stress-induced behavioral and morphological changes. In this study, we examined the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761), a popular herbal supplement, on the cognitive dysfunction and neuromorphological change in OVX/stress-subjected rats. Female Fisher 344 rats were randomly divided into three groups: vehicle-treated OVX, EGb 761 (50 mg/kg) -treated OVX and vehicle-treated sham-operated control groups. Two months after ovariectomy, all animals received restraint stress for 21 days (6 h/day), and were then subjected to a novel object recognition test followed by morphological examination by Nissl staining. EGb 761 was orally administered once daily until the behavioral analysis was done. Treatment with EGb 761 improved memory impairment and neuronal loss of hippocampus in the OVX/stress-subjected group in the same ways as 17beta-estradiol. On the other hand, EGb 761 did not affect the loss of bone mineral density and increase in body weight after OVX, although 17beta-estradiol attenuated them. These results have important implications for neuroprotective and cognition enhancing effects of EGb 761 in postmenopausal women and suggest that the effects are mediated by a different mechanism from estrogen.
Assuntos
Transtornos Cognitivos/tratamento farmacológico , Ginkgo biloba/química , Hipocampo/patologia , Neurônios/patologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Estresse Psicológico/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Densidade Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Contagem de Células , Doença Crônica , Transtornos Cognitivos/etiologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/psicologia , Feminino , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovariectomia , Desempenho Psicomotor/efeitos dos fármacos , Desempenho Psicomotor/fisiologia , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos F344 , Reconhecimento Psicológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Restrição Física , Estresse Psicológico/patologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Útero/efeitos dos fármacos , Aumento de Peso/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
On 24 benign prostatic hyperplasia patients with preoperatively sterile urine, who also had no history of urinary tract infection, the organisms in the prostate obtained through transurethral resection as well as in the anterior urethra were isolated. In 17 patients out of 24, organisms obtained in the prostate were identical to those in the anterior urethra; therefore, it can be concluded that another 7 patients had organisms in the prostate itself before the operation. These results would suggest that sterile urine did not indicate sterile prostate and that organisms in the prostate did not always ascend from the urethra. In the patients who preoperatively received transurethral catheterizations, Streptococcus faecalis was the most predominantly isolated organism in the prostate, which was highly sensitive to ABPC and minocycline and lower to cephems. On the other hand, in the patients with no history of catheterizations, Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most commonly isolated one, which was highly sensitive to ABPC and minocycline as well as cephems. So, in the treatment of the cases with infectious symptoms after transurethral resection of the prostate, ABPC or minocycline should be selected as first-choice drugs rather than cephems.