Permanent tracheostomy in standing horses: technique and results.

Permanent tracheal stomas were created in seven sedated, standing horses with severe upper airway obstruction. After local anesthesia, a 3-cm by 6-cm rectangle of skin was removed from the ventral surface of the neck, 3 cm distal to the cricoid cartilage. The sternothyrohyoideus muscles were clamped proximally and distally, then transected to expose the tracheal rings. The ventral third of four tracheal rings was dissected from the tracheal mucosa that was then incised in a double "Y." Two layers of suture were used to achieve mucocutaneous closure. Stomas healed without serious complications; two mares subsequently foaled, and three horses were used for riding.

Surgical treatment of sand colic. Results in 40 horses.

A retrospective study of 40 horses that underwent surgical treatment for sand colic was performed. Three horses were euthanatized and one died during surgery. Of the 36 horses that recovered from anesthesia, five died before discharge from the hospital and seven died after discharge. Twenty-four horses survived at least 12 months. Sand impaction of the right dorsal colon was present in 26 horses. In addition to sand impaction, 10 horses also had colonic displacement or volvulus.

Primary gastric impaction in a pony.

Primary gastric impaction developed in a pony as a result of the ingestion of persimmon seeds and mesquite beans. Clinical signs included mild abdominal pain, prolonged recumbency, anorexia, and lethargy. When medical therapy was unsuccessful, an exploratory laparotomy was performed. Previously, gastric impaction has been associated with signs of severe abdominal pain. Gastric impaction should be considered in cases of abdominal crisis of long duration and mild pain.