Effect of acupuncture at Shuitong and Shuijin points on sufentanil-induced cough in general anesthesia induction: a randomized controlled trial. / é’ˆåˆºæ°´é€šã€æ°´é‡‘ç©´å¯¹å ¨èº«éº»é†‰è¯±å¯¼æœŸèˆ’èŠ¬å¤ªå°¼è¯±å‘å‘›å’³çš„å½±å“ï¼šéšæœºå¯¹ç §è¯•éªŒ.

OBJECTIVES: To observe the therapeutic effect of acupuncture at Shuitong and Shuijin points on preventing sufentanil-induced cough and its influence on hemodynamics in general anesthesia induction. METHODS: A total of 80 patients scheduled for elective surgery undergoing general anesthesia were randomly divided into an observation group (40 cases) and a control group (39 cases,1 case eliminated). In the control group, the routine anesthesia was performed,with intravenous injection of 1% sufentanil citrate 0.5 µg/kg, 1% propofol (total amount was calculated according to 2 mg/kg) and cisatracurium besilate 0.2 mg/kg. In the observation group, before routine anesthesia induction, acupuncture was applied to Shuitong and Shuijin points on the right and the needles were retained for 30 min. During anesthesia induction, the complications i.e. cough and chest wall stiffness were observed, and the systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR) and pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) were monitored 5 min after the patients entered the operation room (T0),at the moment of intravenous injection of sufentanil (T1) and 2 min after sufentanil injection (T2) , 1 min before and after endotracheal intubation (T3,T4) of the two groups, respectively. RESULTS: During anesthesia induction,the condition of mild, moderate and severe cough in the observation group was superior to that of the control group (P<0.05), the total cases of cough and its total incidence were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Two cases of chest wall stiffness were present in each group, but without statistical difference between the two groups (P>0.05). In comparison of SBP, HR and SpO2 at T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4, the differences were not significant statistically between the two groups (P>0.05). SBP and HR increased at T2 when compared with those at T1 in the control group (P<0.05), but there was no statistical difference in SpO2 (P>0.05); while, the differences in SBP, HR and SpO2 were not significant at T2 when compared with those at T1 in the observation group (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Acupuncture at Shuitong and Shuijin points can effectively prevent from sufentanil-induced cough, reduce the severity of cough and stabilize the hemodynamic indicators.

Spatiotemporal Epidemiology of the Gonorrhea Epidemic in Relation to Neighborhood-level Structural Factors in an Eastern Province of China, 2016-2020.

Context: Gonorrhea, a highly communicable, sexually transmitted infection, remains a major public-health concern globally. In recent years, Zhejiang province, an eastern province, has had the highest incidence of gonorrhea in China. Objective: The study intended to identify the geographic distribution patterns and spaciotemporal clustering characteristics of the disease's incidence in Zhejiang between 2016 and 2020, to understand the spatial epidemiology of gonorrhea and to pinpoint the locations with relatively high risks of gonorrhea, the hotspots, which could be the key areas for disease prevention and control. Design: The research team performed a retrospective, spaciotemporal-clustering analysis of data about newly reported gonorrhea cases from January 2016 to December 2020 in Zhejiang province, using the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Setting: The study took place at the Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Dermatology in Huzhou, China. Outcome Measures: The research team: (1) used the Geographic Information System software-ArcGIS 10.8 software to draw statistical maps; (2) conducted a spatial-pattern clustering analysis at the district or county level; (3) performed an autocorrelation analysis using Getis-Ord (Gi*) statistics to detect spatial patterns and the hotspots of gonorrhea incidence; and (4) used SaTScan9.7 to analyze the space-time clusters. Results: Zhejiang province reported 85 904 gonorrhea cases from 2016 to 2020, with a male to female ratio of 3.81:1. The average annual incidence rate of gonorrhea was 30.50 per 100 000 individuals in the population, ranging from 22.73 cases to 39.65 cases, and the annual incidence showed a significant downward trend over the five years (χ2 = 16.142, P < .001). The northern and central areas had a higher incidence than the southern area did. Autocorrelation analysis showed that the gonorrhea incidence had a significantly clustered distribution (Moran's I from 0.197 to 0.295, Z score from 4.749 to 6.909, P < .001). The high-high cluster areas were mainly in the urban districts of Hangzhou and some counties and districts of Jiaxing. The Gi* statistics further indicated that the hotspots of gonorrhea were mainly in Hangzhou, Jiaxing, and Huzhou. The Kuldorff's scan identified two clusters, mainly composed of 36 counties or districts in northern Zhejiang, such as Hangzhou and Jiaxing, and central Zhejiang, such as Jinhua and Shaoxing. Conclusions: The gonorrhea incidence rates in northern and central Zhejiang from 2016 to 2020 were higher than those in southern Zhejiang. An area of relatively higher risk for gonorrhea existed mainly in the urban districts of Hangzhou and some counties and districts of Jiaxing, Jinhua, and Shaoxing. In the future, the research team plans to focus on strengthening the prevention and control measures against gonorrhea in those areas.

Association of Dietary Magnesium Intake With Leukocyte Telomere Length in United States Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults.

Aim: Magnesium supplementation may extend the life span; however, the biological mechanism is still unknown. Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is a marker of cell aging and biological health in humans. Data concerning whether magnesium supplementation can maintain telomere length, thus prolonging life are limited. We aimed to investigate the association between dietary magnesium intake and LTL in United States middle-aged and elderly adults. Methods: A total of 4,039 United States adults aged ≥ 45 years from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2002). Dietary magnesium intake was collected by a trained interviewer using 24-h dietary recall method and LTL was obtained using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction method. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the crude and adjusted association of dietary magnesium intake with LTL. Results: The overall mean (SD) of LTL was 5.6 (0.6) kp. After adjusting potential confounders, every 1 mg increase in log-transformed dietary magnesium intake was associated with 0.20 kp (95% confidence intervals: 0.05-0.34) longer LTL. Participants with the highest tertile (≥299 mg) of dietary magnesium intake had statistically significant longer LTL (ß = 0.07, P = 0.038) compared with the lowest tertile (<198 mg), with significant linear trends across tertiles. Moreover, the association between dietary magnesium intake and LTL was significantly stronger in participants with higher levels of education (≥high school compared with < high school, P for interaction = 0.002). E-value analysis suggested robustness to unmeasured confounding. Conclusion: Our findings showed that increased dietary magnesium intake was associated with longer LTL, which suggested that magnesium was conducive to a longer life expectancy.

LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics approach revealed novel phytocompounds from sugarcane rind with promising pharmacological value.

BACKGROUND: Sugarcane provides many secondary metabolites for the pharmacological and cosmetic industries. Secondary metabolites, such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, have been studied, but few reports focus on the identification of alkaloid and non-alkaloid phytocompounds in sugarcane. RESULTS: In this study, we identified 40 compounds in total from the rinds of cultivated sugarcane varieties (including eight alkaloids, 24 non-alkaloids, and eight others) by using the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach. Among these compounds, 31 were novel and are reported for the first time in sugarcane. Some alkaloids such as 3-indoleacrylic acid, N,N-dimethyl-5-methoxytryptamine, tryptamine, 6-hydroxynicotinic acid, and 6-deoxyfagomine are identified the first time in sugarcane rind. Four alkaloids such as trigonelline, piperidine, 3-indoleacrylic acid, and 6-deoxyfagomine are found abundantly in sugarcane rind and these compounds have promising pharmaceutical value. Some phytocompounds such as choline and acetylcholine (non-alkaloid compounds) were most common in the rind of ROC22 and Yuetang93/159 (YT93/159). Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis revealed that the ROC22, Taitang172 (F172), and Yuetang71/210 (YT71/210) varieties were quite similar in alkaloid composition when compared with other sugarcane varieties. We have also characterized the biosynthesis pathway of sugarcane alkaloids. The rind of F172, ROC22, and YT71/210 showed the highest total alkaloid content, whereas the rind of ROC16 revealed a minimum level. Interestingly, the rind extract from YT71/210 and F172 showed maximum antioxidant activity, followed by ROC22. CONCLUSION: Our results showed the diversity of alkaloid and non-alkaloid compounds in the rind of six cultivated sugarcanes and highlighted the promising phytocompounds that can be extracted, isolated, and utilized by the pharmacological industry. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Sex difference in the association between plasma selenium and first stroke: a community-based nested case-control study.

BACKGROUND: To date, there is no clearly defined association between plasma selenium levels and first stroke. We aimed to investigate the association between baseline plasma selenium and first stroke risk in a community-based Chinese population. METHODS: Using a nested case-control study design, a total of 1255 first stroke cases and 1255 matched controls were analyzed. Participant plasma selenium concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the association of plasma selenium with first stroke risk was estimated by conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS: Overall, a non-linear negative association between plasma selenium and first total stroke and first ischemic stroke risks was found in males but not in females. Compared with participants with lower selenium levels (tertile 1-2, < 94.1 ng/mL), participants with higher selenium levels (tertile 3, ≥ 94.1 ng/mL) had significantly lower risks of first total stroke (OR 0.63; 95% CI 0.48, 0.83) and first ischemic stroke (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.45, 0.83) in males but not in females with first total stroke (OR 0.92; 95% CI 0.69, 1.22) and first ischemic stroke (OR 0.89; 95% CI 0.65, 1.22). Furthermore, a stronger association between plasma selenium and first total stroke was found in males with higher vitamin E levels (≥ 13.5 µg/mL vs. < 13.5 µg/mL P-interaction = 0.007). No significant association was observed between plasma selenium and first hemorrhagic stroke risk in either males or females. CONCLUSION: Our study indicated a significant, non-linear, negative association between plasma selenium and first stroke in males but not in females. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR1800017274 .

Islet protection and amelioration of type 2 diabetes mellitus by treatment with quercetin from the flowers of Edgeworthia gardneri.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The traditional Chinese medicine - the flower of Edgeworthia gardneri - is reported as an effective therapeutic for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Nevertheless, most constituents of the flowers of E. gardneri have not yet been studied. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of quercetin extracted from the flowers of E. gardneri on islet protection and amelioration in T2DM and explore its mechanism. METHOD: Quercetin was extracted from the flowers of E. gardneri and verified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Quercetin or crude extract's effect on insulin secretion was investigated. ERK1/2 and phospho-ERK1/2 were detected by Western blot analysis, and fluo-3 AM was used to detect intracellular Ca2+. The anti-apoptosis effect of quercetin or crude extract on MIN-6 cells was investigated by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry analysis. Activation of caspases and expression of Bcl-2 and BAX were tested by Western blot analysis. In addition, the mitochondrial membrane potential was determined by JC-1 probe. Moreover, in vivo activity was also tested in db/db mice. RESULTS: A quercetin level of >10 µmol/L could induce insulin secretion. Intracellular Ca2+ and ERK1/2 were involved in the signaling pathway of quercetin-induced insulin secretion. We also observed that quercetin could inhibit palmitic acid-induced cell apoptosis via suppressing the activation of caspase-3, -9, -12; increasing the ratio of Bcl-2/BAX and reversing the impaired mitochondrial membrane potential. Crude extract's effect on insulin secretion was similar to that of pure extracted quercetin, while it possessed higher anti-apoptosis activity. Additionally, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance, plasma insulin level, hepatic triglyceride, hepatic glycogen and the pathological histology of both pancreatic islet and liver in db/db mice were significantly improved by the administration of the extracted quercetin. CONCLUSION: Our study indicated that quercetin extracted from the flowers of E. gardneri exerted excellent properties in islet protection and amelioration.

Susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to azithromycin and ceftriaxone in China: A retrospective study of national surveillance data from 2013 to 2016.

BACKGROUND: Gonorrhea remains one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. Successful treatment has been hampered by emerging resistance to each of the antibiotics recommended as first-line therapies. We retrospectively analyzed the susceptibility of gonorrhea to azithromycin and ceftriaxone using data from the China Gonococcal Resistance Surveillance Programme (China-GRSP) in order to provide evidence for updating the treatment recommendations in China. METHODS AND FINDINGS: In this study, we included 3,849 isolates collected from patients with a confirmed positive Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae) culture at clinic visits during the period of 1 January 2013 through 31 December 2016 in 7 provinces. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of gonorrhea isolates using agar dilution was conducted to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Resistance to azithromycin (RTA) was defined as MIC ≥ 1.0 mg/l, and decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone (DSC) was defined as MIC ≥ 0.125 mg/l. The prevalence of isolates with RTA was 18.6% (710/3,827; 95% CI 17.4%-19.8%). The percentage of patients with DSC fluctuated between 9.7% and 12.2% over this period. The overall prevalence of isolates with both RTA and DSC was 2.3% (87/3,827; 95% CI 1.9%-2.8%) and it increased from 1.9% in 2013 to 3.3% in 2016 (chi-squared test for trend, P = 0.03). Study limitations include the retrospective study design and potential biases in the sample, which may overrepresent men with symptomatic infection, coastal residents, and people reporting as heterosexual. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first national study on susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae to azithromycin and ceftriaxone in China. Our findings indicate high rates of RTA and DSC from 2013 to 2016. Although dual therapy with azithromycin and ceftriaxone has been recommended by WHO and many countries to treat gonorrhea, reevaluation of this therapy is needed prior to its introduction in China.

A Comprehensive Method for Quality Evaluation of Houttuyniae Herba by a Single Standard to Determine Multi-components, Fingerprint and HPTLC Method.

A method of quality evaluation by a single standard to determine multi-components (SSDMC), fingerprint and high-performance thin layer-chromatography (HPTLC) was developed for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and validated with dry Houttuyniae Herba (HH). In quantitative analysis, an SSDMC method involving nine components has been established with the desirable linearity (r(2) ≥ 0.9998), precision (RSD < 2.7%), accuracy (97.4 - 103.1%) and ruggedness. Compared with the results obtained using the external standard method (ESM), this alternative SSDMC method was found to have no statistically significant differences. In fingerprint analysis, nine of fourteen peaks were identified. Simultaneously, 15 HH samples from different origins were classified by similarity analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). Additionally, the HPTLC method with three flavonoid markers was firstly established. The combination of SSDMC with the fingerprint and HPTLC method has been verified in the quality control of HH both quantitatively and qualitatively, and will provide a new quality evaluation pattern for TCMs.

Role of α-lipoic acid in LPS/d-GalN induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice: studies on oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.

This study investigated the protective effect of α-lipoic acid (LA) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/d-galactosamine (d-GalN)-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice. First, we found that LA markedly reduced LPS/d-GalN-induced increases in serum ALT and AST activities, which were supplemented with histopathological examination, suggested that LA has a protective effect on this model of hepatic damage. Livers challenged with LPS/d-GalN exhibited extensive areas of vacuolization with the disappearance of nuclei and the loss of hepatic architecture. On the contrary, these pathological alterations were ameliorated by LA treatment. Next, we found that ROS and TBARS levels were increased in LPS/d-GalN treated liver homogenates, which were attenuated by LA administration. Consistently, decreases in hepatic CAT and GPx activities were observed in LPS/d-GalN group and were significantly restored by LA administration. Moreover, pretreatment with LA markedly reduced LPS/d-GalN-induced iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1ß and IL-6 expressions. Furthermore, our data showed that TUNEL-positive cells increased in LPS/d-GalN-treated mice liver which was counteracted by LA administration. LPS/d-GalN induced apoptosis of hepatocytes, as estimated by caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9 activations. Also, the increasing of Bax and the decreasing of Bcl-2 expressions also supported LPS/d-GalN induced apoptosis. Interestingly, LA marked relieved these apoptotic features. Taking together, our results indicated that LA plays an important role on LPS/d-GalN-induced fulminant hepatic failure through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities.

[Protective effects of hirudin on acute experimental intracerebral hemorrhage].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the protective effects of hirudin on acute experimental intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) by observing the changes of histologic pathology and brain water content as well as GFAP-positive cells in the perihematomal brain regions. METHOD: The models of rat ICH were made with infusion of autologous blood into the right neucleus caudatus. The rats were divided randomly into control group, intracerebral hemorrhage group and treating group with hirudin. Brain water content was measured, and pathological and GFAP changes were observed. RESULT: The pathological impairation after ICH were gradually deteriorated and peaked at the third day. Brain water content after ICH was gradually increased and obviously after one day(P < 0.05) and peaked at the third day. GFAP-positive cells were gradually increased and peaked at the seventh day after ICH. In the treating groups, the pathological impairation and brain water content as well as the GFAP-positive cells were decreased as compared to those in the intracerebral hemorrhage group and the control group. And the positive correlation between GFAP-positive cell numbers and brain water content were shown by linear regression. CONCLUSION: The local administration of hirudin, a special inhibitor of thrombin, has protective effects within the first week after ICH.