Based on the macromolecules in traditional Chinese medicine exploring the material basis and mechanism of the analgesic effect of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction / 药学学报

In order to study the analgesic effect of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction, this paper discussed material basis and mechanism from the perspective of macromolecules in traditional Chinese medicine. Inspired by the phenomenon of turbidity after boiling Chinese medicine, this experiment took Shaoyao Gancao Decoction as the research object to study the formation process of precipitation during boiling. The results showed that aggregates with a certain shape were formed in the solvent during the boiling process, and the precipitate was obtained by standing and centrifuging. Analysis found that the precipitation was mainly composed of small molecules such as paeoniflorin, albiflorin, liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid, isoliquiritin and gallic acid, and macromolecules such as protein and polysaccharide. The composition of precipitate was consistent with that of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction, but the analgesic effect of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction after removing the precipitate was significantly reduced. Based on these results, we isolated small molecular compounds, polysaccharides and protein from Shaoyao Gancao Decoction and their contents are 60.4, 700.7 and 207.2 mg·g-1 respectively. We get the ratio, polysaccharide: small molecule = 11.6∶1, protein: small molecule = 3.4∶1, the precipitate is prepared in the state of boiling. The characterization results showed that the particle size of the precipitate will change significantly after co-heating, and the content determination results showed that the content of the six small molecular compounds which was free in solvent was significantly reduced after the formation of the precipitate. The acetic acid writhing experiment proved that the precipitate has a good analgesic effect, and effectively reduced the levels of inflammatory factors prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide, and increased the level of anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10. These results proved that the precipitate in Shaoyao Gancao Decoction is an important material basis for analgesic effect, and macromolecules such as protein and polysaccharide are the main components of the precipitate. The study of macromolecules in the precipitate of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction not only provides new ideas and methods for elucidating the pharmacodynamic material basis of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction, but also provides a reference for analyzing the scientificity of traditional decoction.

Clinical efficacy of adaptive biofeedback training combined with oral administration of compound polyethylene glycol 4000-electrolyte powder in the treatment of children with outlet obstruction constipation: a prospective randomized controlled trial / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the clinical efficacy, advantages, and disadvantages of adaptive biofeedback training combined with oral administration of compound polyethylene glycol 4000-electrolyte powder in the treatment of children with outlet obstruction constipation (OOC).@*METHODS@#A total of 168 children with OOC were enrolled in this prospective study. All the subjects were randomly divided into a test group and a control group based on the order of visiting time, 84 in each group. The test group was treated with adaptive biofeedback training combined with oral administration of compound polyethylene glycol 4000-electrolyte powder, and the control group was treated with oral administration of compound polyethylene glycol 4000-electrolyte powder alone. Eleven children in the test group and two children in the control group withdrew from the study since they could not finish the whole treatment course. Finally, 73 children in the test group and 82 children in the control group were included in this analysis. As clinical outcomes, the total score of clinical symptoms and overall response rate were compared between the two groups at weeks 4 and 8 of treatment.@*RESULTS@#There was no significant difference in the total score of clinical symptoms between the two groups at beginning of treatment and at week 4 (P>0.05), while the test group had a significantly lower total score of clinical symptoms than the control group at week 8 (P<0.05). At week 4, there was no significant difference in overall response rate between the two groups (P>0.05), while the test group had a significantly higher overall response rate than the control group at week 8 (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Adaptive biofeedback training combined with oral administration of compound polyethylene glycol 4000-electrolyte powder is significantly associated with improvement of clinical outcomes in the treatment of children with OOC.

Herbal Textual Research on Polygonati Rhizoma in Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

By consulting ancient Chinese herbal medicines and medical books， combined with modern documents， the textual research of Polygonati Rhizoma has been conducted to verify the name， origin， bitter-flavored Polygonatum species， Latin name evolution， origin， quality evaluation， harvesting and processing changes， so as to provide reference and basis for the development and utilization of the famous classical formulas. Through textual research， it can be seen that there are many other names for Polygonati Rhizoma， and Huangjing is the correct name since Mingyi Bielu. Based on the original research， it is concluded that P. sibiricum and P. cyrtonema were the mainstream of Polygonati Rhizoma before the Tang dynasty， and P. kingianum was added in the Qing dynasty. According to the shape of medicinal materials， these Polygonatum species were called Jitou Huangjing， Jiangxing Huangjing and Dahuangjing. The harvest time of Polygonati Rhizoma is spring and autumn. After harvest， it is steamed and dried in the sun， and its processing method is mainly "nine steaming and nine storms". Bitter-flavored Polygonatum is mainly P. cirrhifolium， P. zanlanscianense， P. curvistylum and P. verticillatum， which are not suitable for medicine. Based on textual research， it is recommended that when developing famous classical formulas and health products with Polygonati Rhizoma as the main raw material， the origin and producing area should be clear and fixed， and P. sibiricum or P. cyrtonema with clear origin should be used. It is necessary to conduct germplasm survey and sampling in the producing area， establish a planting base and a traceability system for Polygonati Rhizoma， in order to control the quality and stabilize the efficacy of the products. The processing method of Polygonati Rhizoma can be determined according to the product function positioning.

Herbal Textual Research on Pheretima in Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

By consulting ancient herbal medicines and medical books， combined with modern documents and field investigations， the textual research of Pheretima has been conducted to verify the name， origin， producing area， quality， harvesting and processing changes， and sort out the relationship of origin between ancient and modern times， so as to provide reference and basis for the development and utilization of the related famous classical formulas. Through textual research， it is known that there are many aliases for Pheretima， the rectification of name was "Qiuyin" or "Baijing Qiuyin" in materia medica books. In the Song dynasty and later prescription books， the prescription name is mostly Dilong. From the beginning of Yaowu Chuchanbian （《药物出产辨》）， Dilong was used as the rectification of name. It is widely distributed in our country， which is produced all over the country and mostly wild. According to ancient Pheretima with "Baijing Dilong"， "Jingbai Shenzi" and "Datiao" as the principles of medicine， combined with historical origin， producing area and easy access， it is confirmed that Pheretima used in ancient times to the present is mainly Pheretima aspergillum， and it also has many other Qiuyin as Pheretima for medicinal purposes. Chinese Pharmacopoeia has unified the origin of the Pheretima since the 1995 edition based on historical origins and actual harvesting conditions. The medicinal material processed by P. aspergillum was called Guangdilong， and the medicinal materials processed by P. vulgaris， P. guillelmi and P. pectinifera were called Hudilong. Since then， all the herbal books published in the future are in line with Chinese Pharmacopoeia that was implemented at that time. The authentic production areas of Guangdilong are Guangdong and Guangxi， and the authentic production areas of Hudilong is Jiangsu， Shanghai， Zhejiang and Anhui. The Guangdilong produced in Guangdong and Guangxi has the best quality. After harvesting， remove the soil and offal， wash and dry. Clinically cut into sections for medicine， or prepare medicine according to prescription. The Pheretima in ancient used "Baijing Dilong"， "Jingbai Shenzi" and "Datiao" as the mainstream quality evaluation standards. According to historical origins， P. aspergillum should be the main source of Pheretima， and its quality is better than other species. Therefore， it is recommended that Pheretima in Shentong Zhuyutang use P. aspergillum， which is produced in Guangdong， Guangxi and other places. After harvest， the abdomen was opened in time to remove the viscera and sediment， washed and dried.

Famous traditional Mongolian medicine Xieriga-4 (Turmeric-4) decoction: A review / 中草药·英文版

Xieriga-4 Decoction, composed of dried rhizomes of Curcumae longae, barks of Phellodendron chinense or Phellodendron amurense, fruits of Cardenia jasminoides, and fruits of Tribulus terrestris, is a famous prescription of traditional Mongolian medicine for the treatment of urinary system diseases such as frequent urination, urgent urination, urine occlusion, hematuria, bladder irritation and pain. This paper reviewed Xieriga-4 Decoction from the aspects of historical description, prescription principle, chemical components, pharmacology, clinical application and quality control.

Mechanism of promoting wound healing by modified autologous blood transfusion in diabetic mice: relationship with MALAT1 / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between the mechanism of promoting wound healing by modified autologous blood transfusion and metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 ( MALAT1) in diabetic mice. Methods:Twenty SPF ICR mice, weighing 21-25 g, in which the diabetic model was successfully established, were divided into 2 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table method: modified preservation group (group I) and ordinary preservation group (group O). Peripheral venous blood samples were collected and stored in the corresponding preservation solution for 7 days.The platelet aggregation rate, blood glucose, serum glycosylated hemoglobin (GHB) and phosphodiesterase (DPG) concentrations and WBC were measured.Autologous blood was transfused back immediately after the wound model was established.The percentage of wound healing area was calculated at 7, 10 and 14 days after autologous blood transfusion.The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase-9, β-actin, type Ⅰ collagen (Col Ⅰ), Col Ⅲ protein and mRNA and MALAT1 was determined by Western blot, immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction respectively, at 14 days after transfusion. Results:Compared with group O, the blood glucose, serum concentrations of GHB and DPG, and WBC were significantly decreased, platelet aggregation rate was increased, the percentage of wound healing area was increased, the positive staining rate of Col Ⅰ and Col Ⅲ was increased, and the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase-9, ColⅠ, Col Ⅲ and β-actin protein and mRNA and MALAT1 was up-regulated in group I ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The mechanism by which modified autologous blood transfusion promotes wound healing may be related to up-regulating MALAT1 expression in diabetic mice.

Market survey of Caryophylli Flos specifications / 中国中药杂志

The present study aimed to regulate the market circulation of Caryophylli Flos and formulate standards for commodity specifications and grades of Caryophylli Flos. Market survey was carried out in four major medicinal material markets with 48 samples of Caryophylli Flos collected. The property, 100-seed weight, impurity percentage, moisture, and eugenol content in Caryophylli Flos of different specifications from different producing areas were determined and analyzed. The results showed that 27.1% of the samples surveyed on the markets did not meet the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition). The 100-seed weight and the property are important factors for the classification of Caryophylli Flos specifications. There were significant differences in the property, 100-seed weight, impurity percentage, and eugenol content in Caryophylli Flos samples of different specifications from different producing areas, and also differences in the proportions of different specifications in Caryophylli Flos samples from different producing areas. The African-originated Xiaohong(medium grade) and Guangxi-originated Xiaohong(medium grade) accounted for 70% and 66.7% respectively, the Indonesian-originated Dahong(top grade) for 56.2%. In conclusion, there are many problems in the circulation of Caryophylli Flos at present, mainly including the loss of origin information, no standards for specifications, non-implementation of grade standards, excessive impurities, and no evidence for authenticity identification. According to the classification of Caryophylli Flos specifications in this study, the average eugenol content of Xiaohong is significantly higher than the Dahong by 4.74%.

Effect of acupoint thread-embedding on tight junction of intestinal mucosa epithelium in rats with ulcerative colitis / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of acupoint thread-embedding on tight junction of intestinal mucosal epithelial barrier in rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) under the state of "deficiency and stasis", and to explore its mechanism.@*METHODS@#Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into a control group (@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, in the model group the body weight was decreased (@*CONCLUSION@#The thread-embedding could repair the tight junction of intestinal mucosa epithelium and reduce the permeability of intestinal mucosa epithelium, which may be related to the decrease of the expression of CaMKⅡ, MLCK and other protein kinases.

Protective Effect of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Granati Pericarpium Formula on Ultraviolet-induced Skin Damage / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the potential synergistic protective mechanism of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Granati Pericarpium formula compound by using the methods and tools of network pharmacology，and provide a basis for the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） compounds and the discovery of new drugs. Method:Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP） was used to obtain the active components of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Granati Pericarpium formula and their corresponding targets. The obtained targets were input to the UniProt database to inquire the gene names corresponding to the targets. By searching the CTD database，Genecards database and OMIM database of disease-related websites，the anti-sunburn targets were obtained. The interaction of the active targets was analyzed with online STRING database to screen the predicted core targets. The gene ontolog（GO） gene function enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes（KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis of the predictive targets were performed by using DAVID database. Cytoscape 3.6.1 software was used to make "drug-component-target" network diagram，"protein-protein interaction" network diagram and "component-target-pathway" network diagram. Online website Draw Venn Diagram was used to show the relationship between disease targets and drug predicted targets. R Studio software was used to draw the functional enrichment analysis diagram of GO gene and KEGG pathway. Molecular docking between the active ingredients and the core targets was performed using GOLD software. Result:The 16 active compounds were collected，such as liquiritin，glycyrrhizin，kaempferol and quercetin. The active components mainly acted on 5 core targets：protein kinase B1（AKT1），interleukin（IL）-6，vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGFA），tumor necrosis factor（TNF） and tumor suppressor gene （TP53） and played a role in anti-sunburn effect primarily through these pathways such as hepatitis B，pathways in cancer，toxoplasmosis，chagas disease（American trypanosomiasis），and TNF signaling pathway. Conclusion:Based on the method of network pharmacology，the present study has preliminarily explored the anti-sunburn targets and pathways of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Granati Pericarpium formula，and further verified the characteristics of multi-component and multi-target treatment of diseases in TCM，so as to provide certain scientific ideas for the modernization research of Chinese herbal compound prescriptions.

Effect of Sishenwan on PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signal Pathway in Colonic Tissue of Rats with Ulcerative Colitis Model of Spleen Kidney Yang Deficiency / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To discuss the effect of Sishenwan on phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin（PI3K/Akt/mTOR） signaling pathway related genes and proteins in colon tissue and interleukin-1<italic>β</italic>（IL-1<italic>β</italic>） and interleukin-10（IL-10） expression levels in serum of ulcerative colitis （UC） model rats with spleen kidney Yang deficiency. Method:The 120 SPF Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group and model group after 7 days of adaptive feeding in SPF laboratory. The model group were given dinitrobenzene sulfonate （DNBS）/ethanol solution enema+hydrocortisone subcutaneously injection+senna leaf gavage to establish UC model of spleen kidney yang deficiency. The rats who successfully established the model were randomly divided into five groups：model group， mesalazine （0.36 g·kg^-1） group， and Sishenwan high， medium and low dose （3.2，1.6，0.8 g·kg^-1） groups， the volume of which was 10 mL·kg^-1. The model group and the blank group were given distilled water of the same volume. Once a day for 21 days. Observe the general conditions of the rats daily， and record the weight， fecal traits and occult blood of the mice for disease activity index （DAI） scoring.Take the rat colon tissue to observe the gross morphology and colon injury， and score the colon mucosal injury index （CMDI）. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe pathological changes. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）was used to detect the expression level of PI3K， Akt， mTOR mRNA in colon tissue. The levels of IL-1<italic>β</italic> and IL-10 in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Western blot was used to detect the expression level of PI3K， phosphorylation （p）-PI3K， Akt， p-Akt， mTOR， p-mTOR protein in colon tissue. Result:Compared with blank group， the general survival status of the rats in model group was relatively poor， the DAI score and the CMDI index were significantly increased （<italic>P<</italic>0.01）. The intestinal mucosa partially disappears， the glands disappear， and a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrate and gather in the mucosal layer and the base layer in the pathological sections of the model group. The expression levels of PI3K， Akt， and mTOR mRNA were significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The IL-1<italic>β</italic> content was significantly increased and the IL-10 content was significantly decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The expression levels of p-PI3K，p-Akt and p-mTOR protein were significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the model group， the DAI scores of Sishenwan high and medium dose groups and mesalazine group decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The CMDI index of mesalazine group and the high， middle and low dose groups of Sishenwan was significantly reduced （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Pathological sections of rats showed that the inflammatory cells in the drug group decreased， and the mucosal layer structure returned to normal to varying degrees. The mesalazine group and the Sishenwan medium-dose group had the best effects， and the mucosal structure was close to the blank control group. The expression levels of PI3K， Akt， mTOR mRNA in the high and medium dose groups of Sishenwan， mesalazine group and Akt mRNA in low dose group of Sishenwan were significantly reduced （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The expression levels of PI3K and mTOR mRNA in low-dose group of Sishenwan decreased， but the difference was not statistically significant. The IL-1<italic>β</italic> content was significantly reduced and the IL-10 content was significantly increased in high， medium dose groups of Sishenwan and mesalazine groups （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The level of IL-1<italic>β</italic> decreased and the level of IL-10 increased in the low-dose group of Sishenwan， but the difference was not statistically significant. The expression levels of p-PI3K， p-Akt and p-mTOR protein in the high， medium， and low dose groups of Sishenwan and mesalazine group decreased to varying degrees， and the differences were statistically significant（<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:Sishenwan has the effect of improving the general condition and intestinal mucosal damage of ulcerative colitis model rats with spleen and kidney Yang deficiency. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F Treatment for Stage IV Diabetic Nephropathy: Protocol for a Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). There are no effective treatments to prevent or reverse the progression of DN. A preliminary study showed that Tripterygium glycosides from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) with valsartan decrease proteinuria in patients with DN. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the present study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of Tripterygium glycosides from TwHF, a traditional Chinese medicine, for the treatment of DN. Methods and Analysis. This is a prospective, single-center randomized controlled trial. Seventy participants diagnosed with DN were recruited and randomized 1 : 1 to two groups: (1) angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) combined with TwHF and (2) ARB-only. The treatment period is 48 weeks. The primary endpoint is 24 h proteinuria decreased level (reduction of 30% vs. baseline) after 48 weeks of treatment. The secondary endpoints are (1) all-cause and cardiovascular-related mortality, (2) development of ESRD (serum creatinine > 530.4 µmol/L or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2), (3) the need for renal replacement therapy, and (4) increased serum creatinine (2-fold higher than the baseline value or ≥442 µmol/L, with confirmation of the initial results after 4 weeks). A health economics analysis will be carried out. Discussion. A meta-analysis of RCTs carried out in patients with stage 4 (Mogensen classification) diabetic CKD showed that TwHF combined with an ARB was more effective than an ARB alone when considering 24 h proteinuria and serum albumin, but with an increase in adverse event (AE) frequency of 8%. This is a prospective clinical trial that may provide information on a safe and effective novel method for the treatment of DN, especially for patients with macroproteinuria. Ethics and Dissemination. The protocol is approved by the ethics committee of Beijing Hospital (2016BJYYEC-059-02). The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and international conferences. This trial is registered with ChiCTR-IOR-17010623.

Clinical characteristics and combined medication of Suxiao Jiuxin Pills in 16 856 elderly patients in real world study / 中国中药杂志

From 2001 to 2015, medical data of 16 856 elderly patients aged 65 years and over who used Suxiao Jiuxin Pills in the information system of 37 tertiary A-level hospitals were collected. After standardized analysis, it was found that the average age of 16 856 elderly patients was 72.48 years, and the main admission departments were department of cardiology(19.30%) and geriatric department(9.77%). Generally, 61.96% of the degree of illness is average, and the average hospitalized days were 16.16 days; 47.97% of the patients were diagnosed as coronary heart disease by Western medicine, and 5.86% of the patients were diagnosed as Qi deficiency and blood stasis; The more common combination of Western medicine was isosorbide nitrate(61.15%), Aspirin Enteric Coated Tablets(50.77%) and Gansu(36.88%), the combination of traditional Chinese medicine is Compound Danshen Dropping Pills/Tablets(19.13%), Xuesaitong Capsules/Injection(15.01%), Shexiang Baoxin Pills(12.29%); the commonly used Western medicine is vasodilator(78.39%), Chinese medicine is Huoxue Huayu(82.04%), and the commonly used Western medicine is Aaspirin Enteric Coated Tablets+Isosorbide Nitrate. The author intends to explore the valuable clinical characteristics and the clues of the combined medication scheme, and find that the application of Suxiao Jiuxin Pills basically conforms to the instructions, conforms to the characteristics of the elderly with many common diseases and complicated concurrent diseases; the combination of drugs and the indications-coronary heart disease guidelines are consistent, with certain rules to follow, and expand the recognition of the clinical application of Suxiao Jiuxin Pills, and provide clinical diagnosis and treatment ideas.

- balance penetrating acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training on upper limb spasticity in stroke hemiplegia / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the therapeutic effect of - balance penetrating acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training and single rehabilitation training on upper limb spasticity in patients with stroke hemiplegia.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 patients with upper limb spasticity of stroke hemiplegia were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each one. On the basis of conventional western medication, rehabilitation training was adopted in the control group. On the basis of treatment in the control group, - balance penetrating acupuncture was applied from Jianyu (LI 15) to Binao (LI 14), Quchi (LI 11) to Shaohai (HT 3), Yanglingquan (GB 34) to Yinlingquan (SP 9), Xuanzhong (GB 39) to Sanyinjiao (SP 6), etc. of the affected side in the observation group. The treatment was given once a day, 5 days were as one course, with a 2-day interval between two courses, 4 courses were required in both groups. The classification of modified Ashworth spasticity scale (MAS), surface integrated electromyogram (iEMG) of affected upper limb and the scores of National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS), Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) of upper limb and modified Barthel index (MBI) before and after treatment were observed, the therapeutic effect was evaluated in both groups.@*RESULTS@#①After treatment, the MAS classification reduced in both groups (<0.05), the cases of grade 0 to Ⅰ in the observation group were more than those in the control group (<0.05); iEMG values of the maximum isometric voluntary contraction of affected usculus biceps brachii, musculus triceps brachii, musculus flexor carpi, musculus extensor carpi, extensor digitorum, aductor pollicis brevis were increased in both groups (<0.05), and the variations of iEMG of above muscles on the affected side in the observation group were larger than those in the control group (<0.05). ②After treatment, the scores of NIHSS were decreased (<0.05), the scores of FMA, MBI were increased in both groups (<0.05), and the variations of NIHSS, FMA and MBI scores were larger than those in the control group (<0.05). ③The total effective rate was 93.3% (28/30) in the observation group, which was superior to 70.0% (21/30) in the control group (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#- balance penetrating acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training can improve upper limb spasticity, heighten the motor function of upper limb and daily self care in patients with stroke hemiplegia, its therapeutic effect is superior to single rehabilitation training.

Effect of stored autologous blood transfusion on function of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and recovery of reticulocytes in peripheral blood of rabbits / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of stored autologous blood transfusion on the function of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and the recovery of reticulocytes in peripheral blood of rabbits.Methods:Thirty healthy male New Zealand rabbits, aged 3-6 months, weighing 2.5-3.0 kg, were divided into 5 groups ( n=6 each) using a random number table method: control group (C group), operation group (O group), blood collection group (O+ B group), stored autologous whole blood group (O+ WB group) and stored autologous component blood group (O+ CB group). In O+ B group, O+ WB group and O+ CB group, blood was collected via the right femoral artery at a rate of 3-5 ml/min at 7 days before surgery, the blood volume was 10% of the total blood volume, and blood was stored at 4-6 ℃.In O+ CB group, blood was centrifuged to remove plasma and white blood cells, and red blood cell suspension was prepared and placed in a blood storage bag.In O, O+ B, O+ WB and O+ CB groups, hepatectomy was performed, and bleeding was performed through the right femoral artery at a rate of 3-5 ml/min, and the blood volume was 10% of the total blood volume.Lactated Ringer′s solution 1 ml/min was intravenously infused during surgery in O and O+ B groups, stored autologous whole blood was intravenously infused during surgery in group O+ WB, and stored autologous red blood cell suspension 1 ml/min was intravenously infused during surgery in group O+ CB.Bone marrow blood samples were collected immediately before the start of surgery (T 2) and at 6 and 24 h after surgery (T 3, 4) to determine the percentage of CD34 + cells, cell cycle and relative expression of telomere DNA.Peripheral venous blood samples were collected before storage (T 1) and at T 4 for determination of the percentage of reticulocytes. Results:Compared with group C, the percentage of CD34 + cells was significantly increased at T 3 and T 4, the percentage of CD34 + cells in G1 phase was decreased, and the expression of telomere DNA in CD34 + cells was up-regulated in group O, and the percentage of reticulocyte in peripheral blood was increased at T 4 in the remaining 4 groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group O, the percentage of CD34 + cells was significantly increased at T 2-4, the percentage of CD34 + cells in G1 phase was decreased, and the expression of telomere DNA in CD34 + cells was up-regulated in O+ B, O+ WB and O+ CB groups, and the percentage of reticulocyte in peripheral blood was increased at T 4 in O+ WB and O+ CB groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group O+ B, the percentage of CD34 + cells was significantly increased at T 3 and T 4, the percentage of CD34 + cells in G1 phase was decreased, and the expression of telomere DNA in CD34 + cells was up-regulated in O+ WB and O+ CB groups, and the percentage of reticulocyte in peripheral blood was decreased at T 4 in O+ WB and O+ CB groups ( P<0.05). Compared with O+ WB group, the percentage of CD34 + cells was significantly decreased at T 3 and T 4, the percentage of CD34 + cells in G 1 phase was increased, the expression of telomere DNA in CD34 + cells was down-regulated, and the percentage of reticulocytes in peripheral blood was increased at T 4 in group O+ CB ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Stored autologous blood transfusion can inhibit the function of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and is not helpful for recovery of reticulocytes in peripheral blood of rabbits; stored autologous component blood transfusion has less effect on the hematopoietic function of bone marrow than stored autologous whole blood transfusion.

Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Adenosine Monophosphate Activated Protein Kinase-Silent Mating Type Information Regulation 2 Homolog 1 Pathway in Ischemia-reperfusion Rats / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the effect of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on the autophagy in penumbra of rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Methods:A total of 56 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control group (n = 14), sham group (n = 14), model group (n = 14) and VNS group (n = 14). The model group and VNS group accepted MCAO for one hour, then reperfusion, and VNS group accepted VNS in the left as MCAO for 0.5 hour. Their infarct volume was detected with TTC staining, neurological impairment was assessed with Longa's score, and the expression of Beclin-1, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II/I, phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (P-AMPK) and silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Sirt1) were detected with Western blotting 24 hours after reperfusion. Results:Compared with the sham group, the infarct volume and Longa's score increased in the model group, while the expression of Beclin-1, LC3-II/I, P-AMPK and Sirt1 decreased significantly (P < 0.001). Compared with the model group, the infarct volume and Longa's score reduced (P < 0.05) in VNS group, while the expression of Beclin-1, LC3-II/I, P-AMPK and Sirt1 increased significantly (P < 0.001). Conclusion:VNS may alleviate cerebral ischemic injury in rats through AMPK-Sirt1 pathway.

Selenium-layered nanoparticles serving for oral delivery of phytomedicines with hypoglycemic activity to synergistically potentiate the antidiabetic effect

Diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a great challenge in treatment due to pathological complexity. It has been proven that phytomedicines and natural medicines have prominent antidiabetic effects. This work aimed to develop selenium-layered nanoparticles (SeNPs) for oral delivery of mulberry leaf and extracts (MPE), a group of phytomedicines with significant hypoglycemic activities, to achieve a synergic antidiabetic effect. MPE-loaded SeNPs (MPE-SeNPs) were prepared through a solvent diffusion/ reduction technique and characterized by particle size, potential, morphology, entrapment efficiency (EE) and drug loading (DL). The resulting MPE-SeNPs were 120 nm around in particle size with EE of 89.38% for rutin and 90.59% for puerarin, two marker components in MPE. MPE-SeNPs exhibited a slow drug release and good physiological stability in the simulated digestive fluid. After oral administration, MPE-SeNPs produced significant hypoglycemic effects both in the normal and diabetic rats. intestinal imaging and cellular examinations demonstrated that MPE-SeNPs were provided with outstanding intestinal permeability and transepithelial transport aptness. It was also revealed that MPE-SeNPs could alleviate the oxidative stress, improve the pancreatic function, and promote the glucose utilization by adipocytes. Our study provides new insight into the use of integrative nanomedicine containing phytomedicines and selenium for DM treatment.

Study on active components of Fufang Huangbai Ye for diabetic foot treatment by UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS and network pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

Chemical constituents of the Fufang Huangbai Ye( FFHB) were analyzed and identified by UPLC-ESI-LTQ-OrbitrapMS. The analysis was performed on an Waters HSS T3 reverse phase column( 2. 1 mm×100 mm,1. 8 μm). The mobile phase consisting of 0. 1% aqueous formic acid( A) and acetonitrile( B) was used with gradient elution,and the flow rate was 0. 3 mL·min~(-1).Based on the information of the accurate mass,the multistage fragment ions,the mass spectrometric data of the standard substance and the relative reference literature,the structure of the chemical constituents in FFHB were identified. Based on the identified compounds,network pharmacology study,including target prediction,functional enrichment,and molecular docking was applied to screen out the main active substances for treatment of diabetes foot and explore the potential mechanism. The results showed that a total of 138 compounds were identified,including 28 alkaloids,16 flavonoids,11 phenylethanoid glycosides,9 cycloolefins,11 cyclohexylethanol derivatives,28 phenolic acids and derivatives,3 lignans,4 terpenes,28 volatile oils and the others. Further,36 active substances for diabetes foot were screened out,and the functional enrichment showed the potential mechanism of FFHB were mainly seven functional items including inflammatory response,growth factor activity. This study combining the UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS technology and the network pharmacology provide a useful reference and basis for active compounds,quality control markers and the pharmacological mechanism of FFHB for diabetic foot treatment.

Effective Constituents and Mechanism of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex for Depressive Disorder Based on Network Pharmacology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:In this paper,the network pharmacology method was used to explore the material basis and the mechanism of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex(Houpo) on depressive disorder. Method:Firstly,the main chemical components of Houpo were gathered from CNKI,SciFinder,traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform(TCMSP) and other databases.Next,the potential targets of the chemical ingredients in Houpo were searched and selected by BATMAN-TCM database.The targets of depressive disorder were collected from HPO database.Then all the targets were entered into the search tool(String database) for the retrieval of protein-protein interactions so as to confirm antidepressant chemistries and their related targets.Furthermore,the functional enrichment analysis was carried out through the David database.Based on these above results,the networks of "drug targets-disease targets" and "compounds-targets-pathways" of Houpo on depressive disorder were built by Cytoscape v3.5.1 software,respectively.Network topology analysis was used to screen the key targets and the corresponding components.Then molecular docking verification of "component-target proteins" was further conducted. Result:A total of 16 active compounds involving in 74 key targets for depressive disorder were selected and confirmed from 138 chemical components of Houpo.Molecular docking analysis showed that compared with other components,ten volatile components in the 16 active compounds had good binding activities with the top 5 key targets[the top 5 of degree value,including insulin receptor(INS),mitogen-activated protein kinase 1(MAPK1),guanine nucleotide binding protein alpha inhibition 3(GNAI3),phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase receptor 1(PIK3R1) and selective receptor B1(GNB1)] and the 3 direct acting targets of popular drugs for depression[muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2(CHRM2),5-hydroxytryptamine receptor(HTR)2B and HTR2C].The functional enrichment analysis showed the antidepressant mechanism of Houpo mainly involved neurotrophin signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway,calcium signaling pathway and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,etc. Conclusion:This study reveals the active ingredients and the mechanism of anti-depression of Houpo based on network pharmacology,a total of 16 key active ingredients related to anti-depression are selected.This paper can provide references for development of antidepressants and the discovery of quality markers of Houpo for anti-depression.

Application status of classical prescription in traditional Chinese medicine and Japanese Kampo medicine / 中草药

Classical prescription is long-lasting which is characterized by simple composition and obvious curative effect. It is popular over China and welcomed by many people. Japanese Kampo medicine and traditional Chinese medicine originated from the same resource but flowed into two branches. Some classical prescription experts are mostly influenced by Japanese Kampo medicine, emphasizing the correspondence between prescriptions and syndromes, physical identification and abdominal diagnosis, which have become the research direction of most classical prescription scholars. Traditional Chinese medicine and Japanese Kampo medicine differ in the dialectical system, application form, dose and dosage form of classical prescription. It is important to have a clear insight of the development status of classical prescription in Chinese medicine and that of Japanese Kampo medicine, understand the differences between them and make full use of advantages and avoid disadvantages. It can provide ideas for the correct development path of classical prescription and reference for the research of preparation of classical prescription in China.

Identification of poliumoside metabolites in rat plasma, urine, bile, and intestinal bacteria with UPLC/Q-TOF-MS / 中国天然药物

Poliumoside is representative of phenylethanoid glycosides, which are widely found in many plants. Poliumoside is also regarded as the main active component of Callicarpa kwangtungensis Chun (CK), though its oral bioavailability in rat is extremely low (0.69%) and its in vivo and in vitro metabolism has not yet been systematically investigated. In the present study, an ultra performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) method was employed to identify the metabolites and investigate the metabolic pathways of poliumoside in rat after oral administration 1.5 g·kg of poliumoside. As a result, a total of 34 metabolites (30 from urine, 17 from plasma, and 4 from bile) and 9 possible metabolic pathways (rearrangment, reduction, hydration, hydrolyzation, dehydration, methylation, hydroxylation, acetylation, and sulfation) were proposed in vivo. The main metabolite, acteoside, was quantified after incubated with rat intestinal bacteria in vitro. In conclusion, the present study systematically explored the metabolites of poliumoside in vivo and in vitro, proposing metabolic pathways that may be significant for further metabolic studies of poliumoside.