Reversible Luminescent Switching Induced by Heat/Water Treatment in a Zero-Dimensional Hybrid Antimony(â ¢) Chloride.

Recently zero-dimensional (0-D) inorganic-organic metal halides (IOMHs) have become a promising class of optoelectronic materials. Herein, we report a new photoluminescent (PL) 0-D antimony(III)-based IOMH single crystal, namely [H2BPZ][SbCl5]·H2O (BPZ = benzylpiperazine). Photophysical characterizations indicate that [H2BPZ][SbCl5]·H2O exhibits singlet/triplet dual-band emission. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that [H2BPZ][SbCl5]·H2O has the large energy difference between singlet and triplet states, which might induce the dual emission in this compound. Temperature-dependent PL spectra analyses suggest the soft lattice and strong electron-phonon coupling in this compound. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that the water molecules in the lattice of the title crystal could be removed by thermal treatment, giving rise to a dehydrated phase of [H2BPZ][SbCl5]. Interestingly, such structural transformation is accompanied by a reversible PL emission transition between red light (630 nm, dehydrated phase) and yellow light (595 nm, water-containing phase). When being exposed to an environment with 77% relative humidity, the emission color of the dehydrated phase was able to change from red to yellow within 20 s, and the red emission could be restored after reheating. The red to yellow emission switching could be achieved in acetone with water concentration as low as 0.2 vol%. The reversible PL transition phenomenon makes [H2BPZ][SbCl5]·H2O a potential material for luminescent water-sensing.

[Exploration of emulsifying material basis of Angelicae Sinensis Radix volatile oil based on partial least squares and hydrophile-lipophile balance value].

This study explores the emulsifying material basis of Angelicae Sinensis Radix volatile oil (ASRVO) based on partial least squares (PLS) method and hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) value.The turbidity of ASRVO emulsion samples from Gansu,Yunnan,and Qinghai was determined and the chemical components in the emulsion were analyzed by GC-MS.The PLS model was established with the chemical components as the independent variable and the turbidity as the dependent variable and evaluated with indexes R~2X and R~2Y.The chemical components which were in positive correlation with the turbidity were selected and the HLB values were calculated to determine the emulsification material basis of ASRVO.The PLS models for the 81 emulsion samples had high R~2X and R~2Y values,which showed good fitting ability.Seven chemical components,2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol,trans-ligustilide,3-butylidene-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone,dodecane,1-methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene)-cyclohexene,trans-beta-ocimene,and decane,had positive correlation with turbidity.Particularly,the HLB value of 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol was 4.4,which was the HLB range of surfactants to be emulsifiers and 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol was positively correlated with turbidity of the ASRVO emulsion samples from the main producing area.Therefore,2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol was the emulsifying material basis of ASRVO.The selected emulsifying substances can lay a foundation for exploring the emulsification mechanism and demulsification solution of ASRVO.

Pharmacological mechanism of Sishen Wan® attenuated experimental chronic colitis by inhibiting wnt/ß-catenin pathway.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Sishen Wan (SSW) is a commercial and frequently used Chinese patent medicine listed in the Chinese Pharmacopeia, which is usually used to treat chronic colitis. AIM OF THE STUDY: We explored the pharmacological mechanism of Sishen Wan attenuated experimental chronic colitis by inhibiting Wnt/ß-catenin pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experimental chronic colitis was induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). The therapeutic effect of SSW were analyzed by index of colonic weight, colonic length, pathological score. Cytokines expression were analyzed by ELISA, while the apoptosis level was checked by TUNEL staining. These proteins of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway was analyzed by Western blot assay. RESULTS: Rats with TNBS-induced chronic colitis were treated by SSW for 10 days. The efficacy of SSW was demonstrated by improved macroscopic and microscopic colonic damage. SSW increased the level of ATP in colonic mucosa, while SSW inhibited ß-catenin, ubiquitination of Nemo-like-kinase-associated ring finger protein and T-cell factor, and expression of Wnt/ß-catenin downstream proteins (including c-Myc, cyclo-oxygenase-2, cyclin D1, survivin, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and zipper-interacting protein kinase), and improved lymphoid enhancer factor ubiquitination and ß-TrCP activity, followed by excessive apoptosis of colonic epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: SSW effectively attenuated experimental chronic colitis induced by TNBS, which was realized by inhibition of the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway.

Molecular Characterization and Bioactivity of Coumarin Derivatives from the Fruits of Cucumis bisexualis.

Cucumis bisexualis (Cucurbitaceae) is known as "mapao egg" or "muskmelon egg", which has been widely used as a wild melon in Chinese folk. Nine new coumarin derivatives (1-9), named 7-hydroxy-3-(4',6'-dihydroxy-5'-isopropyl-3″,3″-dimethyl-2 H-chromen)-6-prenyl-2 H-chro-men-2-one (1), 7-hydroxy-3-(5'-prenyl-3″,3″-dimethyl-2 H-chromen)-6-prenyl-2 H-chromen-2-one (2), 3-(6'-hydroxy-5'-prenyl-3″,3″-dimethyl-2 H-chromen)-6-prenyl-2 H-chromen-2-one (3), 3-(5'-ethyl-3″,3″-dimethyl-2 H-chromen)-6-prenyl-2 H-chromen-2-one (4), 3-(4',6'-dihydroxy-5'-dimeth-ylallyl-3″,3″-dimethyl-2 H-chromen)-6-prenyl-2 H-chromen-2-one (5), 3-[4',6'-dihydroxy-5'-(2-pro-penyl)-3″,3″-dimethyl-2 H-chromen]-14,15-dimethyl-pyrano-chromen-2-one (6), 3-(6'-dihydroxy-5'-isopropanol-3″,3″-dimethyl-2 H-chromen)-14,15-dimethyl-pyrano-chromen-2-one (7), 3-(5'-iso-pentenol-3″,3″-dimethyl-2 H-chromen)-14,15-dimethyl-pyrano-chromen-2-one (8), 3-(4',6'-dihydr-oxy-5'-prenyl-3″,3″-dimethyl-2 H-chromen)-14,15-dimethyl-pyrano-chromen-2-one (9), together with 12 known compounds (10-21), were isolated and identified by spectroscopic analysis and references from the active site (EtOAc soluble fraction) of the fruits of C. bisexualis for the first time. Compounds (1-21) were evaluated for antiacetylcholinesterase (AChE) and hepatoprotective activities for the first time. Compounds 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, and 9 showed anti-AChE activities with IC50 values ranging from 11.23 to 89.69 µM, and compounds 2, 4, 12, 15, 17, 18, and 19 (10 µM) exhibited moderate hepatoprotective activities. These findings shed much light on a better understanding of the anti-AChE and hepatoprotective effects of these coumarin derivatives and provided new insights into developing better anti-AChE and hepatoprotective drugs in the future.

Therapeutic effect of curcumin on experimental colitis mediated by inhibiting CD8+CD11c+ cells.

AIM: To verify whether curcumin (Cur) can treat inflammatory bowel disease by regulating CD8+CD11c+ cells. METHODS: We evaluated the suppressive effect of Cur on CD8+CD11c+ cells in spleen and Peyer's patches (PPs) in colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. Mice with colitis were treated by 200 mg/kg Cur for 7 d. On day 8, the therapeutic effect of Cur was evaluated by visual assessment and histological examination, while co-stimulatory molecules of CD8+CD11c+ cells in the spleen and PPs were measured by flow cytometry. The levels of interleukin (IL)-10, interferon (IFN)-γ and transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß1 in spleen and colonic mucosa were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: The disease activity index, colon weight, weight index of colon and histological score of experimental colitis were obviously decreased after Cur treatment, while the body weight and colon length recovered. After treatment with Cur, CD8+CD11c+ cells were decreased in the spleen and PPs, and the expression of major histocompatibility complex II, CD205, CD40, CD40L and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 was inhibited. IL-10, IFN-γ and TGF-ß1 levels were increased compared with those in mice with untreated colitis. CONCLUSION: Cur can effectively treat experimental colitis, which is realized by inhibiting CD8+CD11c+ cells.

Astragalus polysaccharide attenuates rat experimental colitis by inducing regulatory T cells in intestinal Peyer's patches.

AIM: To explore probable mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) against experimental colitis. METHODS: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Colitis was induced with 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). The rats with colitis were treated with 400 mg/kg of APS for 7 d. The therapeutic effect was evaluated by colonic weight, weight index of the colon, colonic length, and macroscopic and histological scores. The levels of regulatory T (Treg) cells in Peyer's patches were measured by flow cytometry, and cytokines in colonic tissue homogenates were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of related orphan receptor-γt (ROR-γt), IL-23 and STAT-5a was measured by Western blot. RESULTS: After 7-d treatment with APS, the weight index of the colon, colonic weight, macroscopical and histological scores were decreased, while the colonic length was increased compared with the model group. The expression of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-17, IL-23 and ROR-γt in the colonic tissues was down-regulated, but Treg cells in Peyer's patches, TGF-ß and STAT5a in the colonic tissues were up-regulated. CONCLUSION: APS effectively ameliorates TNBS-induced experimental colitis in rats, probably through restoring the number of Treg cells, and inhibiting IL-17 levels in Peyer's patches.

Two new compounds from the fruits of Arctium lappa.

Phytochemical investigation of the extract of Arctii Fructus led to the isolation and characterization of two new compounds, named arctiisesquineolignan B (1) and arctiiphenolglycoside A (2). Their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR) and chemical evidence, as well as by comparison with known analogs in the literature. Compound 2 exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than the positive control ascorbic acid at a concentration of 10 µM.

New Butyrolactone Type Lignans from Arctii Fructus and Their Anti-inflammatory Activities.

Arctiidilactone (1), a novel rare butyrolactone lignan with a 6-carboxyl-2-pyrone moiety, and 11 new butyrolactone lignans (2-12) were isolated from the fruits of Arctium lappa L., together with 5 known compounds (13-17). Their structures were elucidated by interpretation of their spectroscopic data (1D and 2D NMR, UV, IR, ORD, and HRESIMS) and comparison to literature data. The absolute configurations of compounds 1-12 were determined by a combination of rotating-frame nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (ROESY), circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and Rh2(OCOCF3)4-induced CD spectroscopy. All of the compounds were tested for their anti-inflammatory properties in terms of suppressing the production of NO in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 cells. Compounds 1, 6, 8, and 10 exhibited stronger anti-inflammatory effects than the positive control curcumin, particularly 1, which exhibited 75.51, 70.72, and 61.17% inhibition at 10, 1, and 0.1 µM, respectively.

The potential of asiaticoside for TGF-ß1/Smad signaling inhibition in prevention and progression of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension.

AIMS: Asiaticoside (AS) is a saponin monomer extracted from the medicinal plant Centella asiatica, which has a variety of biological effects. We intended to investigate the effects of asiaticoside on a hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) rat model and examine the possible effects of asiaticoside on TGF-ß1/Smad signaling in vivo and in vitro. MAIN METHODS: The rat HPH model was established by hypoxic exposure and asiaticoside was administered for four weeks. Parameters including the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), the right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) and the percentage of medial wall thickness were used to evaluate the development of HPH. TGF-ß1, TGF-ß receptor, Smad2/3 and phospho-Smad2/3 expressions were detected and the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) adjusted by asiaticoside under the hypoxic condition were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS: Our data indicate that asiaticoside attenuated pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary vascular remodeling and RV hypertrophy in HPH rats, which was probably mediated by restraining the hypoxia-induced overactive TGF-ß1/Smad2/3 signaling and inhibiting the proliferation by inducing apoptosis of the PASMCs. SIGNIFICANCE: Given the preventative potential in animal models and in vitro, we propose asiaticoside as a promising protective treatment in HPH.

Four new neolignan glucosides from the fruits of Arctium lappa.

Four new neolignan glucosides named (7S, 8R)-4,7,9,9'-tetrahydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-8-O-4'-neolignan-9'-O-ß-d-apiofuranosyl-(1 â†’ 6)-O-ß-d-glucopyranoside (1), (8R)-4,9,9'-trihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-7-oxo-8-O-4'-neolignan-4-O-ß-d-glucopyranoside (2), (7R, 8S)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol-7'-oxo-4-O-ß-d-glucopyranoside (3), and (7'S, 8'R, 8S)-4,4',9'-trihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-7',9-epoxylignan-7-oxo-4-O-ß-d-glucopyranoside (4) were isolated from the fruits of Arctium lappa L. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analyses (UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR, CD), as well as by comparison with known analogues in the literature.

[Quality control of Maca (Lepidium meyenii)].

To control the quality of Maca, the quality standard was established in this study. According to the methods recorded in the Appendix of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 Edition), the water, extract, total ash, acid insoluble substance, and heavy metals inspections in Lepidium meyenii were carried out. N-benzyl-9Z, 12Z-octadecadienamide in L. meyenii was identified by TLC, and it was determined by HPLC. The results showed that the N-benzyl-9Z, 12Z-octadecadienamide identification of TLC was a strong mark and specificity. In content determination experiment, the linearity of N-benzyl-9Z, 12Z-octadecadienamide was in the range of 0.01-2 microg (r = 0.9998), and the average recovery (n=9) was 99.27% (RSD 2.0%). The methods were simple, accurate, with good reproducibility. It is suitable for quality control L. meyenii.

Hepatoprotective activity of twelve novel 7'-hydroxy lignan glucosides from Arctii Fructus.

Twelve novel 7'-hydroxy lignan glucosides (1-12), including two benzofuran-type neolignans, two 8-O-4' neolignans, two dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans, and six tetrahydrofuranoid lignans, together with six known lignan glucosides (13-18), were isolated from the fruit of Arctium lappa L. (Asteraceae), commonly known as Arctii Fructus. Their structures were elucidated using spectroscopy (1D and 2D NMR, MS, IR, ORD, and UV) and on the basis of chemical evidence. The absolute configurations of compounds 1-12 were confirmed using rotating frame nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy (ROESY), the circular dichroic (CD) exciton chirality method, and Rh2(OCOCF3)4-induced CD spectrum analysis. All of the isolated compounds were tested for hepatoprotective effects against D-galactosamine-induced cytotoxicity in HL-7702 hepatic cells. Compounds 1, 2, 7-12, and 17 showed significantly stronger hepatoprotective activity than the positive control bicyclol at a concentration of 1 × 10(-5) M.

Si Shen Wan Inhibits mRNA Expression of Apoptosis-Related Molecules in p38 MAPK Signal Pathway in Mice with Colitis.

Si Shen Wan (SSW) is used to effectively treat ulcerative colitis (UC) as a formula of traditional Chinese medicine. To explore the mechanism of SSW-inhibited apoptosis of colonic epithelial cell, the study observed mRNA expression of apoptosis-related molecules in p38 MAPK signal pathway in colonic mucosa in colitis mice treated with SSW. Experimental colitis was induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) in mice; meanwhile, the mice were administrated daily either SSW (5 g/kg) or p38 MAPK inhibitor (2 mg/kg) or vehicle (physiological saline) for 10 days. While microscopical evaluation was observed, apoptosis rate of colonic epithelial cell and mRNA expression of apoptosis-related molecules were tested. Compared with colitis mice without treatment, SSW alleviated colonic mucosal injuries and decreased apoptosis rate of colonic epithelial cell, while the mRNA expressions of p38 MAPK, p53, caspase-3, c-jun, c-fos, Bax, and TNF- α were decreased in the colonic mucosa in colitis mice treated with SSW, and Bcl-2 mRNA and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax were increased. The present study demonstrated that SSW inhibited mRNA expression of apoptosis-related molecules in p38 MAPK signal pathway to downregulate colonic epithelial cells apoptosis in colonic mucosa in mice with colitis.

[Regulation effect of scorpio and scolopendra on CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + Treg cell in peripheral blood from rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA)].

OBJECTIVE: To study the regulation effect of Scorpio and Scolopendra on CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + Treg Cell in peripheral blood from rats with collagen-induced arthritis. METHODS: Sixty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, normal control group, model control group, low-dose, middle-dose and high-dose Scorpio and Scolopendra group,and the type II collagen group. Rats' arthritis was induced by collagen. The number of CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + Treg cell in peripheral blood was tested by flow cytometry, and the level of IL-2 in serum was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Compared with the model groups,the levels of CD4 + CD25 + Treg cell and CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + Treg cell were increased obviously in the high and low dose of Scorpio and Scolopendra groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), while the level of IL-2 in serum was decreased remarkably in the middle and low dose of Scorpio and Scolopendra groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: It is realized that Scorpio and Scolopendra effectively treat RA by regulating the level of CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + Treg cell to restore immunological tolerance.

Scorpio and Scolopendra attenuate inflammation and articular damage in rats with collagen-induced arthritis.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Scorpio and Scolopendra (SS) are two traditional Chinese medicines, which are generally used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in China. However, the mechanism is so far unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects and mechanisms of SS in attenuating inflammation and joint injury in collagen-induced arthritis in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: RA was induced in Wistar rats by injection of collagen, meanwhile, the rats were administrated daily either SS (0.4 g/kg, 0.2 g/kg, and 0.1 g/kg) or vehicle (physiological saline) for 42 days. The therapeutic effect of SS on RA was evaluated by pathological methods. T lymphocyte subsets and anti-collagen type II (CII) antibody were tested in peripheral blood. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were assessed in tissue homogenate of fresh joints. RESULTS: The inflammation and articular damage in SS powder-treated rats were attenuated significantly. In addition, SS powder was revealed to modulate the equilibrium of T lymphocyte subsets, down-regulate TNF-α and IL-1ß, up-regulate IL-4 and IL-10, and significantly suppress the level of anti-CII antibody. CONCLUSIONS: Scorpio and Scolopendra, when used as a combination, reveal desirable effect for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, and this beneficial effect may be accomplished through normalization of T lymphocyte subsets and the balance of Th1/Th2 cytokines.

[The effect of chimonin on collagen metabolism of pulmonary arterioles in chronic hypoxic rats].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect and mechanism of chimonin on pulmonary arterioles I and III type collagen metabolism in pulmonary hypertension rats induced by chronic hypoxic hypercapnia. METHODS: Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group(A), hypoxic hypercapnic group(B), hypoxic hypercapnia + chimonin group(C). Collagen I, III and their mRNA, Blood CO concentration (COHb%), activity of HO-1 in blood serum and lung homogenate, content of hydroxyproline in lung homogenate, pulmonary arteriole micromorphometric index were observed. RESULTS: Hypoxic hypercapnic rats's mPAP, Hyr of lung homogenate, content of I type collagen and I type collagen mRNA in pulmonary arterioles, were significantly higher than those in control group, pulmonary vessel remodeling of hypoxic hypercapnic rats was significant, those changes in hypercapnia + chimonin group were significantly lower than those in hypoxic hypercapnic group. Blood CO concentration, activity of HO-1 in blood serum and lung homogenate in rats of hypoxic hypercapnic rats were significantly higher than those of control group, and those of hypercapnia + chimonin group were even higher than hypoxic hypercapnic group (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in mCAP, content of III type collagen and their mRNA in three groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Chimonin can reduce pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vessel remodeling induced by hypoxic hypercapnia through inhibiting proliferation of collagen I, the mechanism maybe is up regulating endogenous carbon monoxide system.

[Artesunate combined with vinorelbine plus cisplatin in treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a randomized controlled trial].

OBJECTIVE: To our knowledge, there has been no clinical report of artesunate in the treatment of lung cancer. This study was designed to compare the efficacy and toxicity of artesunate combined with NP (a chemotherapy regimen of vinorelbine and cisplatin) and NP alone in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: One hundred and twenty cases of advanced NSCLC were randomly divided into simple chemotherapy group (control group, n=60) and combined artesunare with chemotherapy group (trial group, n=60). Patients in the control group were treated with NP regimen, including vinorelbine (25 mg/m(2), once-a-day intravenous injection, at the 1st and 8th day) and cisplatin (25 mg/m(2), once-a day intravenous drip, at the 2nd to 4th day). Patients in the trial group were treated with the basal therapy NP (in the same method and doses as control group) and artesunate (120 mg, once-a-day intravenous injection, from the 1st day to 8th day, for 8 days). At least two 21-day-cycles of treatment were performed. The short-term survival rate, disease controlled rate (DCR), time to progression (TTP), mean survival time (MST) and 1-year survival rate were analyzed as the primary end points, and the toxicity and safety were estimated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the short-term survival rate, MST and 1-year survival rate between the trial group and the control group, which were 45.1% and 34.5%, 44 weeks and 45 weeks, 45.1% and 32.7%, respectively (P>0.05). The DCR of the trial group (88.2%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (72.7%) (P<0.05), and the trial group's TTP (24 weeks) was significantly longer than that of the control group (20 weeks) (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in toxicity between the two groups, such as myelosuppression and digestion reaction (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Artesunate can be used in the treatment of NSCLC. Artesunate combined with NP can elevate the short-term survival rate and prolong the TTP of patients with advanced NSCLC without extra side effects.

[Effect and mechanism of chimonin on pulmonary hypertention of chronic hypoxia and hypercapnic rats].

AIM: To study the effect of chimonin on chronic hypoxia and hypercapnic pulmonary hypertension and to explore its mechanism. METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group (A), hypoxic hypercapnic group(B), hypoxic hypercapnia + chimonin group (C). HO-1 and HO-1 mRNA was observed in pulmonary arterioles of rats by the technique of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. RESULTS: (1) mPAP was significantly higher in rats of B group than that of A and C group. Differences of mCAP were not significant in three groups. (2) Blood CO concentration was significantly higher in rats of B group than that of A group, it was significantly higher in rats of C group than that of B group. (3) Light microscopy showed that WA/TA (vessel wall area/total area), SMC (the density of medial smooth muscle cell) and PAMT (the thickness of medial smooth cell layer) were significantly higher in rats of B group than those of A and C group. (4) Electron microscopy showed proliferation of medial smooth muscle cells and collagenous fibers of pulmonary arterioles in rats of B group, and chimonin could reverse the changes mentioned above. (5) HO-1 and HO-1 mRNA in pulmonary arterioles was significantly higher in rats of B group than that of A group, they were significantly higher in rats of C group than that of B group. CONCLUSION: Chimonin can inhibit hypoxic hypercapnia pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vessel remodeling by further increasing the expression of HO-1 mRNA.