RESUMO
Herein, silver and zinc oxide Nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by using W. coagulant fruit extract as reducing agent and capping agent. The green synthesized NP with distinct properties were used for novel application against fungal and bacterial pathogen of honey bee (A. mellifera). The UV-spectroscopy confirms the synthesis of silver and zinc oxide NPs at 420 nm and 350 nm respectively. Further, XRD evaluated the monoclinic structure of Ag NPs while ZnO NPs showed wurtzite hexagonalcrystlized structure. Resistant honey bee pathogens such Paenibacilluslarvae, Melissococcus plutonius and Ascosphaera apis were isolated, identified and cultured in vitro to assess the antimicrobial potentials of Ag and ZnO NPs. Additionally, different biomolecules provide access to achieve maximum and stable Ag and ZnO NPs. It was also observed that with increasing the concentration of zinc oxide NPs and sliver NPs, zone of inhibition was also increased. Thus, present findings show that plant extracts can be a useful natural resource to prepare functional nonmaterial for targeted applications especially in the field of apicultural research.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Óxido de Zinco , Abelhas , Animais , Zinco/farmacologia , Óxido de Zinco/farmacologia , Óxido de Zinco/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Prata/farmacologia , Prata/química , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
Murraya paniculata is herbal medicinal plant which is traditionally being used for management of cardiovascular, intestinal and respiratory (air way) disorders. This evergreen plant of tropical regions is a member of Rutaceace family. The goal of this review is to analyze and report the biological activities and active phytochemicals reported from Murraya paniculata (M. paniculata) extracts and essential oil. The data was searched using different search engines and using specific key words including M. paniculata, herbal medicine, phytochemicals, extract, essential oil, pharmacological activities. M. paniculata has been found to have wide range of pharmacological activities, including antinociceptive, antianxiety, antioxidant, antidepressant, antibacterial, analgesic and anti-diabetic properties. A diverse range of phytochemicals, including phenols, coumarins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids have been isolated from various portions of the plant and tested for a variety of biological activities. This review will provide more information and stimulate additional research to develop more effective and cost-efficient alternative medicine from this plant.
Assuntos
Murraya , Óleos Voláteis , Plantas Medicinais , Murraya/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Compostos FitoquímicosRESUMO
Physical and chemical methods for production of nanoparticles (NPs) are not only harmful for environment but also toxic for living organism. The present study attempts to synthesize ZnO NPs using the natural plant extract of Fagonia cretica. The phytochemical screening of F. cretica water extract was performed to check the presence of biologically active compounds like alkaloids, tannins, carbohydrates, proteins, phenols, saponins, flavonoids, and steroids. Well-prepared ZnO NPs given sharp absorption peak at 362 were confirmed by UV-visible. XRD analysis showed the ZnO NPs having wurtzite hexagonal structure with crystalline form. TEM analysis endorses flower-shaped ZnO nanoparticles ~ 100-1000 nm. FTIR spectrum suggested the involvement of phenolic groups and amino acids and amide linkages in protein performs as the stabilizing agent in the synthesis of ZnO NPs. The ZnO NPs showed strong antibacterial behavior against two bacterial strains Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli. In addition, ZnO NPs exhibited strong antioxidant activity of 79%:85.6%:89.9% at 5 µg/mL:10 µg/mL:5 µg/mL concentration of ZnO NPs respectively. This work indicates that Fagonia is considered to be appropriate and promising candidate for extending the innovative applications in the field of medicine and industry and also helpful and useful to the scientific communities.
Assuntos
Nanopartículas Metálicas , Nanopartículas , Óxido de Zinco , Óxido de Zinco/química , Nanopartículas/química , Bactérias/metabolismo , Bactérias Gram-Negativas , Bactérias Gram-Positivas , Extratos Vegetais/química , Antibacterianos/química , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de FourierRESUMO
The plant Caralluma edulis is traditionally used against diabetes and inflammatory conditions in Pakistan. This study was designed to provide scientific validation of the traditional use of Caralluma edulis. Phytochemicals were extracted from the plant by different solvents (distilled water, methanol, ethanol, and acetone) using the Soxhlet's extraction method. Bioactive compounds were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The in vitro anti-inflammatory activities (albumin denaturation, membrane stabilization, and proteinase inhibition) and antioxidant capacity (DPPH scavenging activity, FRAP reducing activity) of different extracts from Caralluma edulis were assessed. The antidiabetic potential of Caralluma edulis plant extracts was determined in acute and subacute diabetic rabbit models. Oxidative stress and enzymatic antioxidant status were also estimated in MDA, CAT, and SOD levels. Results showed that the methanol extract yielded the highest contents of phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity and antioxidant potential of the methanol extract were the highest among the tested solvents. The tested extracts did not show any remarkable antidiabetic activity in the acute diabetic model. However, all tested extracts demonstrated antidiabetic potential in the subacute diabetic model. No adverse effect was observed at the tested dose (200 mg/kg) of Caralluma edulis extracts in experimental animals. It is concluded that methanol is the key solvent for extracting bioactive compounds from Caralluma edulis. The plant can be used against inflammatory disorders and may prove a potential candidate for drug development. Long-term use of Caralluma edulis at the tested dose (200 mg/kg) showed antidiabetic properties in the animal model.
Assuntos
Apocynaceae , Diabetes Mellitus , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/química , Diabetes Mellitus/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoglicemiantes/química , Metanol , Compostos Fitoquímicos/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Coelhos , Solventes/químicaRESUMO
Breast cancer is known as the most devastating cancer in the global female community and is considered as one of the severe health care burdens in both developed and developing countries. In many cases, breast cancer has shown resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormonal therapy. Keeping in view these limitations, there is an urgent need to develop safe, readily available and effective breast anticancer treatments. Therefore, the scientists are keen in the extraction of plant-based phytochemicals (organosulfur compounds, betalains, capsaicinoids, terpenes, terpenoids, polyphenols, and flavonoids) and using them as breast anticancer agents. Results of numerous epidemiological investigations have revealed the promising role of phytochemicals in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. The diverse classes of plant bioactive metabolites regulate different metabolic and molecular processes, which can delay the proliferation of cancers. These phytochemicals possess chemo-preventive properties as they down-regulate the expression of estrogen receptor-α, inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells, and cause cell cycle arrest by inducing apoptotic conditions in tumor cells. This review article discusses the potent role of various plant-based phytochemicals as potential therapeutic agents in the treatment or prevention of breast cancer along with the proposed mechanisms of action.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias da Mama , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Betalaínas , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Flavonoides/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Compostos Fitoquímicos/químicaRESUMO
This study endeavours to investigate the phytochemical composition, biological properties and in vivo toxicity of methanol and dichloromethane extracts of Zaleya pentandra (L.) Jeffrey. Total bioactive contents, antioxidant (phosphomolybdenum and metal chelating, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and CUPRAC) and enzyme inhibition (cholinesterases, tyrosinase α-amylase, and α-glucosidase) potential were assessed utilizing in vitro bioassays. UHPLC-MS phytochemical profiling was carried out to identify the essential compounds. The methanol extract was found to contain highest phenolic (22.60â¯mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (31.49â¯mg QE/g) contents which correlate with its most significant radical scavenging, reducing potential and tyrosinase inhibition. The dichloromethane extract was most potent for phosphomolybdenum, ferrous chelation, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and cholinesterase inhibition assays. UHPLC-MS analysis of methanol extract unveiled to identify 11 secondary metabolites belonging to five sub-groups, i.e., phenolic, alkaloid, carbohydrate, terpenoid, and fatty acid derivatives. Additionally, in vivo toxicity was conducted for 21 days and the methanol extract at different doses (150, 200, 250 and 300â¯mg/kg) was administered in experimental chicks divided into five groups each containing five individuals. Different physical, haematological and biochemical parameters along with the absolute and relative weight of visceral body organs were studied. Overall, no toxic effect was noted for the extract at tested doses.
Assuntos
Aizoaceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Administração Oral , Animais , Galinhas , Inibidores Enzimáticos/administração & dosagem , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/toxicidade , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/administração & dosagem , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/toxicidade , Metanol/química , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
The predominant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), an etiological agent of camel mastitis is becoming drug resistant that invites prevention and control strategies. Vaccine production would have a valuable impact on public health. Therefore, in present study, inactivated vaccine with different adjuvants was prepared and evaluated against S. aureus. The vaccinal isolate recovered from camel subclinical mastitis was coagulase positive (PCR based), having expressed pseudocapsule, holding alpha-beta hemolysin characteristics, and multiple drug resistant. Inactivated alum precipitated S. aureus vaccine (APSV) and oil adjuvant S. aureus vaccine (OASV) were prepared after confirming its antigenicity in rabbits. Three groups of rabbits were randomly inoculated with APSV, OASV, and placebo (Unvaccinated, UV). Each group was further divided into two groups based on single and booster dose inoculation. Booster dose of vaccines in rabbits at day 15th of primary inoculation was given. Serum samples were taken on 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of primary inoculation from all rabbits. Analysis of variance was applied to compare geometric mean titer (GMT) of three groups, while t-test was applied to estimate the difference between single and booster dose response. The study found 1010â¯CFU/mL S. aureus as standard bacterial load for vaccines with higher and sustained antigenicity. The vaccines were safe from morbidity and mortality, and proved effective and stable for 7 and 4â¯monthsâ¯at 25⯰C and 37⯰C, respectively. The OASV produced significantly (pâ¯<â¯0.05) higher immune response followed by APSV throughout trial. The highest GMT by APSV and OASV vaccines with single dose inoculation was 37.92 and 69.92â¯at day 45th post primary inoculation, respectively. Similarly, 59.20 and 142.40 GMTs were noted with booster dose in case of APSV and OASV, respectively. The booster dose presented significantly (pâ¯<â¯0.05) higher GMT than that of single dose inoculation of vaccines. The study concluded APSV and OASV safe, effective, and stable with significant immunogenic results in experimental rabbits.
Assuntos
Imunogenicidade da Vacina/imunologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/imunologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/prevenção & controle , Vacinas Antiestafilocócicas/imunologia , Staphylococcus aureus/imunologia , Vacinação , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/imunologia , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Compostos de Alúmen , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Antígenos de Bactérias/imunologia , Carga Bacteriana , Proteínas de Bactérias/imunologia , Camelus , Coagulase , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Feminino , Proteínas Hemolisinas , Imunização Secundária , Mastite/imunologia , Mastite/microbiologia , Mastite/prevenção & controle , Óleo Mineral/administração & dosagem , Coelhos , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Vacinas Antiestafilocócicas/administração & dosagem , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidade , Fatores de Tempo , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is an important bacterium, causing severe respiratory infection, and arthritis in dairy animals worldwide. This study is based on 50 suckling calves among which 15 showed respiratory distress, lameness and swollen joints and died later. M. bovis was isolated and identified from all dead (n = 15) and live (17.14%; 06 out of 35) calves on the basis of bacteriological examination. In morbid calves, the carpus and stifle joints were severely affected, while necropsy revealed multiple well-circumscribed calcified abscesses and caseous exudates in cranio-ventral and diaphragmatic lobes of lungs. Suppurative polyarthritis, fibrino-suppurative, teno-synovitis and otitis media were the common and striking lesion observed at postmortem examination. Histopathological examination revealed broncho-interstitial pneumonia and necrotic fibrino-purulent broncho-pneumonia in lungs. Similarly, synovial membranes and joints revealed presence of multiple foci of liquefactive necrosis surrounded by lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and peripheral fibroplasia. In the bacteriological investigations, the characteristic fried egg colonies of M. bovis further confirmed this infection in all suspected cases. In conclusion, the current clinico-histo-pathological features are the depictive picture, and is the first report of M. bovis infection in calves in Pakistan.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Infecções por Mycoplasma/epidemiologia , Infecções por Mycoplasma/microbiologia , Infecções por Mycoplasma/patologia , Mycoplasma bovis/patogenicidade , Abscesso/patologia , Animais , Artrite/microbiologia , Artrite/patologia , Artrite Infecciosa , Autopsia , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/mortalidade , Coxeadura Animal , Pulmão/microbiologia , Pulmão/patologia , Masculino , Mortalidade , Infecções por Mycoplasma/mortalidade , Mycoplasma bovis/isolamento & purificação , Otite Média Supurativa/microbiologia , Otite Média Supurativa/patologia , Pneumonia Bacteriana , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma/microbiologia , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma/patologia , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/microbiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/patologia , Sinovite/microbiologia , Sinovite/patologiaRESUMO
Two new cinnamic acid derivatives, thymofolinoates A (1) and B (2) have been isolated from the chloroform soluble fraction of Euphorbia thymifolia and their structures assigned from 1H and 13C NMR spectra, DEPT and by 2 D COSY, HMQCand H MBC experiments. In addition, p-hydroxy cinnamic acid(3), 5-hydroxy-6,7,8,4'-tetramethoxy flavone (4), and 5-hydroxy-3',4',6,7,8-pentamethoxy flavone (5) have also been isolated for the first time from this species.