Navigating Glioblastoma Diagnosis and Care: Transformative Pathway of Artificial Intelligence in Integrative Oncology.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), an aggressive brain tumor with high recurrence rates and limited survival, presents a pressing need for accurate and timely diagnosis. The interpretation of MRI can be complex and subjective. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising solution, leveraging its potential to revolutionize diagnostic imaging. Radiomics treats images as numerical data and extracts intricate features from images, including subtle patterns that elude human observation. By integrating radiomics with genetics through radiogenomics, AI aids in tumor classification, identifying specific mutations and genetic traits. Furthermore, AI's impact extends to treatment planning. GBM's heterogeneity and infiltrative growth complicate delineation for treatment purposes. AI-driven segmentation techniques provide accurate 2D and 3D delineations, optimizing surgical and radiotherapeutic planning. Predictive features like angiogenesis and tumor volumes enable AI models to anticipate postop complications and survival rates. It can also aid in distinguishing posttreatment radiation effects from tumor recurrence. Despite these merits, concerns linger. The quality of medical data, transparency of AI techniques, and ethical considerations require thorough addressing. Collaborative efforts between neurosurgeons, data scientists, ethicists, and regulatory bodies are imperative for AI's ethical development and implementation. Transparent communication and patient consent are vital, fostering trust and understanding in AI-augmented medical care. In conclusion, AI holds immense promise in diagnosing and managing aggressive brain tumors like GBM. Its ability to analyze complex radiological data, integrate genetics, and aid in treatment planning underscores its potential to transform patient care. However, carefully considering ethical, technical, and regulatory aspects is crucial for realizing AI's full potential in oncology.

Healthcare in Pakistan: Navigating Challenges and Building a Brighter Future.

A healthcare system is one of the most essential pillars of any country. The primary role of a healthcare system is to ensure that all people get the best available health facilities in a timely, acceptable, affordable, and accessible manner. However, for a healthcare system to function as such, it requires proper infrastructure and financial support. To a large extent, the healthcare system in Pakistan is facing several challenges. There is a massive shortage of hospitals, doctors, nurses, and paramedical staff. Most life-saving medications are too expensive for people to afford. Now and then, there is a shortage of medicines in the market. Above all, there exists a lack of trust in the healthcare system, which gives way to the ever-increasing quackery in the country. Two parallel systems exist in the healthcare system of Pakistan. One consists of public hospitals, and the other consists of private hospitals. The former is short even of basic healthcare facilities, and the latter is too costly for the people of Pakistan to afford. Solutions to the stumbling and compromised healthcare system of Pakistan are adequate financial support and infrastructure development. Stakeholders need to invest in the healthcare system; otherwise, the healthcare system in Pakistan will continue fighting for its survival rather than improving and competing with the healthcare systems of other nations in the region.

Anar Phali (Opuntia ficus) juice extract as a novel pollution-free source of natural betalain dye for wool yarn.

Green products such as plant pigments in all filed are gaining fame globally due to their excellent ayurvedic and biological characteristics. In this study, microwave rays have been employed for the isolation of colorants from Anar Phali while bio-mordant have been included to get color-fast shades. The colorant was isolated in an acidic medium before and after microwave rays for 2 min. For getting darker shades with different tints, sustainable chemical and plant-based extracts as bio-mordant have been employed before and after bio coloration of wool yarn at given conditions. CIE Lab system computed in Colori-spectrophotometer (CS-410) was used to observe the change in color depth and tonal variation of dyed fabrics, and ISO standard methods have been employed to rate the colorfastness to light, washing, and rubbing at grey scale. It is concluded that microwave rays have an excellent sustainable efficacy to isolate colorant from Anar Phali powder for wool dyeing, whereas the addition of bio-mordants has made the process more sustainable and eco-friendly.

3D Gamut Morphing for Non-Rectangular Multi-Projector Displays.

In a spatially augmented reality system, multiple projectors are tiled on a complex shaped surface to create a seamless display on it. This has several applications in visualization, gaming, education and entertainment. The main challenges in creating seamless and undistorted imagery on such complex shaped surfaces are geometric registration and color correction. Prior methods that provide solutions for the spatial color variation in multi-projector displays assume rectangular overlap regions across the projectors that is possible only on flat surfaces with extremely constrained projector placement. In this paper, we present a novel and fully automated method for removing color variations in a multi-projector display on arbitrary shaped smooth surfaces using a general color gamut morphing algorithm that can handle any arbitrarily shaped overlap between the projectors and assures imperceptible color variations across the display surface.

Nanoformulation of Curcuma longa Root Extract and Evaluation of Its Dissolution Potential.

Medicinal plants have been widely used for therapeutic purposes for a long time, but they have been found to have some major issues such as low water solubility and bioavailability. In the present study, the nanoformulation of Curcuma longa L. plant extract was prepared to enhance its dissolution potential and biological activities. For the formulation of the nanosuspension, an ethanolic extract of C. longa was prepared through Soxhlet extraction using the nanoformulation technique. The nanosuspensions were formulated using four different stabilizers, namely sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and polysorbate-80 (P-80). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), polydispersity index, and ζ potential were used for characterization of the nanoformulation. Among all of these, the surfactant stabilizer SLS was found to be the best. The average particle size of the selected optimized nanosuspension was found to be 308.2 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) value of 0.330. The ζ potential value of the optimized nanosuspension was recorded at -33.3 mV. The SEM image indicated that the particles were slightly agglomerated, which may have occurred during lyophilization of the nanosuspension. The highest dissolution rate recorded at pH = 7 was 192.32 µg/mL, which indicates pH = 7 as the most appropriate condition for the dissolution of the C. longa nanosuspension. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal activities of the optimized nanosuspension were also determined with regard to the coarse plant extract. The study findings suggested that the nanoprecipitation approach helps in enhancing the dissolution potential and biological activities of C. longa root extract.

Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Extracts and Carpachromene from the Stem of Ficus benghalensis.

Ficus benghalensis is one of the potential medicinal plants which is used locally for the treatment of various ailments such as diabetes, antiasthmatic, and wound healing. To provide a scientific background to these folklores, the current study was designed to evaluate the extract and isolated compound against various enzymes such as ureases, tyrosinase, and phosphodiesterase. The methanolic extract and carpachromene demonstrated a significant urease inhibition effect with maximum percent inhibition of 72.09 and 92.87%, respectively. Regarding the tyrosinase inhibition, the percent antagonist effect of carpachromene and the methanolic extract was 84.80 and 70.98%, respectively. The phosphodiesterase was also significantly antagonized by crude extract and carpachromene with a maximum percent inhibition of 82.98% and 89.54%, respectively. The docking study demonstrated that the carpachromene fits well into the active site of all three enzymes with significant interactions. Carpachromene might possess the potential to inhibit all three enzymes and can effectively treat different diseases associated with the hyperactivity of these enzymes. In conclusion, the crude extract and carpachromene exhibit significant urease, tyrosinase, and phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity which might be used against various diseases. In conclusion, the crude extract and carpachromene exhibit significant urease, tyrosinase, and phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity which might be used against diabetes and bronchoconstriction. Further, the current study provides scientific backup to the folklore (antidiabetic and antiasthmatic) of Ficus benghalensis.

The fate of flaxseed-lignans after oral administration: A comprehensive review on its bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and food design strategies for optimal application.

Lignans are one of the most important and abundant phytochemicals found in flaxseed-diets. These have shown to possess several health-benefits, including anticancer, antioxidant, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and estrogenic-properties etc. The potential of lignans health-promoting effects are circumscribed due to their poor-bioavailability resulting from their bound structure. Recent studies have demonstrated that various food design strategies can enhance the release of bound-lignans from agro-industrial residues, resulting in a higher bioaccessibility and bioavailability. This review focuses primarily on the bioavailability of flaxseed lignans, key factors affecting it and their pharmacokinetics, different strategies to improve the contents of lignans, their release and delivery. Present study will help to deepen our understanding of the applications of lignans and their dietary-supplements in the prevention and treatment of diseases. Several absorption issues of lignans have been observed such as impaired-bioavailability and variability in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Therefore, the development of novel strategies for optimizing lignan bioavailability is critical to ensure its successful application, such as the delivery of lignans to biological targets via "targeted designs." In addition, some detailed examination is required to identify and understand the basis of variation in lignans bioavailability caused by interactions with the gastrointestinal system.

Maggot debridement therapy and complementary wound care: a case series from Nigeria.

OBJECTIVE: Maggot debridement therapy (MDT) is an emerging procedure involving the application of sterile maggots of the Dipteran species (commonly Lucilia sericata) to effect debridement, disinfection and promote healing in wounds not responding to antimicrobial therapy. Data on MDT in sub-Saharan Africa (including Nigeria) are scarce. This study aimed to use medicinal grade maggots as a complementary method to debride hard-to-heal necrotic ulcers and thereby promote wound healing. METHOD: In this descriptive study, we reported on the first group of patients who had MDT at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), a tertiary hospital in northern Nigeria. The first instar larvae of Lucilia sericata were applied using the confinement (free-range) maggot therapy dressing method under aseptic conditions. RESULTS: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) grade III-IV constituted more than half of the wounds (53.3%), followed by necrotising fasciitis (30%), and post-traumatic wound infection (10%). Others (6.7%, included pyomyositis, surgical site infection and post traumatic wound infection). The median surface area of the wounds was 56cm2. Of the 30 patients, half (50%) had two MDT cycles with a median time of four days. Of the wounds, 22 (73%) were completely debrided using maggots alone while eight (27%) achieved complete debridement together with surgical debridement. Wound culture pre-MDT yielded bacterial growth for all the patients and Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant isolate in 17 wounds (56.7%) while Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes were predominant in five wounds (16.7%) each. Only four (13.3%) wound cultures yielded bacterial growth after MDT, all Staphylococcus aureus. CONCLUSION: A good prognosis was achieved post-MDT for various wounds. MDT effectively debrides and significantly disinfects wounds involving different anatomical sites, thus enhancing wound healing and recovery. MDT is recommended in such wounds.

Evaluation of Effect of Honey Sugars Analogue Therapy against Breast Cancer Induced by 1-Methyl-1-nitrosourea in In Vivo Breast Cancer Model.

The use of honey as a complementary and alternative medicine is associated with vast range of therapeutic promises. It is established that it exhibits potential innumerable medicinal effects which is attributed to it phenolic, flavonoids, and other diverse compounds profile. However, the effect of honey sugars analogue as its major constituent has not been investigated. This study examined the effect of honey sugars analogue (HSA) namely fructose, glucose, maltose, and sucrose in breast cancer-induced albino Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat models. The treatment was administered when first palpable tumour reached 10-12 mm in size by dividing nulliparous rats (n = 30) into following groups: Group 0 (negative control, n = 10), Group 1 (positive control, n = 10), and Group 2 (received 1.0 g/kg body HSA, n = 10) over a period of 120 days. The effect of treatment against breast cancer was observed with a slower tumour progression, a lower median tumour size, multiplicity, and weight (p < 0.05). The anticancer effect was through amelioration of tumour growth, tumour grading, and haematological parameters. Data also show that HSA administration induces an increased susceptibility of expression of proapoptotic proteins such as Apaf-1, caspase-9, IFN-γ, IFNGR1, and p53, and a reduced expression of antiapoptotic proteins such as E2, ESR1, TNF-α, COX-2, and Bcl-xL 1 in their mechanisms of action. HSA behaves akin to honey. Thus, HSA may modulate breast cancer as an analogue or major profile of honey.

The potential role of dietary plant ingredients against mammary cancer: a comprehensive review.

Breast cancer is known as the most devastating cancer in the global female community and is considered as one of the severe health care burdens in both developed and developing countries. In many cases, breast cancer has shown resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormonal therapy. Keeping in view these limitations, there is an urgent need to develop safe, readily available and effective breast anticancer treatments. Therefore, the scientists are keen in the extraction of plant-based phytochemicals (organosulfur compounds, betalains, capsaicinoids, terpenes, terpenoids, polyphenols, and flavonoids) and using them as breast anticancer agents. Results of numerous epidemiological investigations have revealed the promising role of phytochemicals in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. The diverse classes of plant bioactive metabolites regulate different metabolic and molecular processes, which can delay the proliferation of cancers. These phytochemicals possess chemo-preventive properties as they down-regulate the expression of estrogen receptor-α, inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells, and cause cell cycle arrest by inducing apoptotic conditions in tumor cells. This review article discusses the potent role of various plant-based phytochemicals as potential therapeutic agents in the treatment or prevention of breast cancer along with the proposed mechanisms of action.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients presenting with hip fractures at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.

Osteoporosis remains under-recognized and sub-optimally managed in Pakistan, with a lack of awareness that minimal impact hip fracture is a manifestation of low bone mineral density (BMD). PURPOSE: Hip fracture is often the first clinical presentation of osteoporosis and an opportunity to intervene and reduce future fracture risk. Our aim was to understand the current practices in Pakistan related to bone health in patients presenting with a hip fracture. METHODS: This is a retrospective study at a tertiary care center in Pakistan of patients admitted with a hip fracture. Data collected includes previous fracture history, known preceding diagnosis of low BMD medication details, comorbidities, and DXA results. RESULTS: Two hundred ten patients were studied. The mean age of patients was 73.1 years, with 112 (53.3%) women. Most (195 (92.9%)) had presented with a low-impact hip fracture, with 17 (8.1%) reporting previous history of fracture. None had been treated with osteoporosis medications prior to fracture. Nineteen (9%) were on calcium and vitamin D supplements prior to fracture; of the minority who were screened, all were vitamin D deficient and subsequently discharged on vitamin D supplements. No one was prescribed medications to reduce fracture risk at discharge. CONCLUSION: This study reveals that patients admitted with minimal impact hip fractures in Pakistan are rarely evaluated for low BMD and not started on osteoporosis medications even after presenting with a typical osteoporosis-related fracture. This underscores the need for health provider education about osteoporosis as a major cause for hip fractures and the need to intervene for future fracture risk reduction.

Hepatoprotective Effects of a Novel Trihoney against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Comparative Study with Atorvastatin.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disorder worldwide with no curative therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of a novel Trihoney against biochemical and histological manifestations of NAFLD in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Methodology. Forty-eight male New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits were grouped into normal diet (C), normal diet with 0.6 g/kg/day of Trihoney (C + H), 1% cholesterol diet (HCD), 1% cholesterol diet with 0.3 g/kg/day of Trihoney (HCD + H1), 1% cholesterol diet with 0.6 g/kg/day of Trihoney (HCD + H2), and 1% cholesterol diet with 2 mg/kg/day of atorvastatin (HCD + At.). Animals were sacrificed after 12 weeks of treatment. Serum lipids and liver function test (LFT) were measured prior to and at the endpoint of the experiment for total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and total bilirubin (T. Bil.). Liver was processed for histopathology study. Liver homogenate was analysed for oxidative stress parameters: superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Results. Lipid analysis approved the induction of hypercholesterolemia. A significant elevation (p < 0.01) of serum AST and ALT levels showed by the HCD group was compared to C and C + H groups. Trihoney exhibited a significant reduction (p < 0.001) of AST and ALT compared to the HCD group. Likewise, AST and ALT reduced significantly in the HCD + At. group (p < 0.001). Trihoney supplementation induced significant (p < 0.05) enhancement of SOD and GPx activities. Atorvastatin treatment was associated with significant (p < 0.05) reduction of SOD and GPx activities in the liver. Trihoney and atorvastatin showed marked (p < 0.001) reduction of hepatic lipid peroxidation. Trihoney showed histological protection against progression of NAFLD to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Atorvastatin exhibited no beneficial impact on hepatic architecture. Conclusion. Trihoney was able to maintain normal liver function and showed hepatoprotection against progression of NAFLD to NASH probably through hypocholesterolaemic and antioxidant functions.

Withdrawal Notice: Pharmacological analysis of Cannabis sativa L.: A potent herbal plant

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Enhanced Efficacy of Direct-Acting Antivirals in Hepatitis C Patients by Coadministration of Black Cumin and Ascorbate as Antioxidant Adjuvants.

The widespread adaptation of a new generation of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) unveils a superlative effect in the eradication of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, this therapy has been reported to exhibit vigorous side effects that pose a risk in fleet recovery. This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of DAAs: sofosbuvir (SOF) and ribavirin (RBV), along with black cumin (BLC) and ascorbate (ASC), as adjuvants on hematological parameters; oxidative stress markers such as total antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione (GSH), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and malondialdehyde (MDA); liver function markers such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP); and viral load with determined genotypes. HCV-infected patients (n = 30) were randomly divided into two equal groups: control group (n = 15) and treatment group (n = 15). The control group was subjected only to SOF and RBV (400 mg each/day). Synergistically, the treatment group was administered with adjuvant therapy of BLC (250 mg/day) and ASC (1000 mg/day) along with DAAs (400 mg each/day) for 8 weeks. All selected patients were subjected to sampling at pre- and posttreatment stages for the assessment of defined parameters. The data revealed that the BLC/ASC adjuvant therapy boosted the efficacy of DAAs by reducing the elevated levels of liver markers such as AST, ALT, ALP, and bilirubin in the treatment group compared with those in the control group (P > 0.05). The adjuvant therapy synchronously showed an ameliorating effect on hematological parameters. The SOF/RBV with adjuvant therapy also demonstrated an increasing effect in the activity of SOD, TAS, and GSH and a decreasing effect for GSSG, GGT, and malondialdehyde (MDA; P > 0.05) followed by curtailing a RT-PCR-quantified viral load. Our findings provide evidence that systemic administration of BLC/ASC efficiently alleviates hematological, serological, and antioxidant markers as well as the viral load in hepatitis C patients. This highlights a potentially novel role of BLC and ASC in palliating hepatitis C.

Investigation of Amounts of Vitamins, Lycopene, and Elements in the Fruits of Opuntia ficus-indica Subjected to Different Pretreatments.

In this study, Opuntia ficus-indica fruit was examined in fresh, frozen, sun-dried, and microwave-dried. Analysis of the vitamins in the samples was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The amount of selenium in the fruits was determined by fluorescence spectrophotometer, while copper, iron, manganese, and zinc were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Amount of vitamins in the fruit of Opuntia ficus-indica were decreased (p < 0.005) in sun- and microwave-dried samples in comparison with fresh sample. Decrease of vitamins in frozen fruits was statistically insignificant compared with fresh fruit (p > 0.05). The amounts of selenium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc in Opuntia ficus-indica fruit were found to be 0.38 ± 0.03, 23.84 ± 1.82, 94.32 ± 7.04, 13.68 ± 0.88, and 188.44 ± 15.16 µg/g dw, respectively. It can be concluded that the fruit of Opuntia ficus-indica is rich in vitamin E, lycopene, ascorbic acid, nicotine amide, folic acid, iron, and zinc. The most suitable preservation techniques for Opuntia ficus-indica fruits are freezing to consume it in all season.

Goethite-modified biochar restricts the mobility and transfer of cadmium in soil-rice system.

Cadmium (Cd) contamination of paddy soils has raised serious concerns for food safety and security. Remediation and management of Cd contaminated soil with biochar (BC) and modified biochar is a cost-effective method and has gained due attention in recent years. Goethite-modified biochar (GB) can combine the beneficial effects of BC and iron (Fe) for remediation of Cd contaminated soil. We probed the impact of different BC and GB amendments on Cd mobility and transfer in the soil-rice system. Both BC and GB effectively reduced Cd mobility and availability in the rhizosphere and improved the key growth attributes of rice. Although BC supply to rice plants enhanced their performance in contaminated soil but application of 1.5% GB to the soil resulted in prominent improvements in physiological and biochemical attributes of rice plants grown in Cd contaminated soil. Sequential extraction results depicted that BC and GB differentially enhanced the conversion of exchangeable Cd fractions to non-exchangeable Cd fractions thus restricted the Cd mobility and transfer in soil. Furthermore, supplementing the soil with 1.5% GB incremented the formation of iron plaque (Fe plaque) and boosted the Cd sequestration by Fe plaque. Increase in shoot and root biomass of rice plants after GB treatments positively correlates with incremented chlorophyll contents and gas exchange attributes. Additionally, the oxidative stress damage in rice plants was comparatively reduced under GB application. These findings demonstrate that amending the soil with 1.5% GB can be a potential remediation method to minimize Cd accumulation in paddy rice and thereby can protect human beings from Cd exposure.

A Comprehensive Review on Chemical and Pharmacological Potential of Viola betonicifolia: A Plant with Multiple Benefits.

Viola betonicifolia (Violaceae) is commonly recognized as "Banafsha" and widely distributed throughout the globe. This plant is of great interest because of its traditional, pharmacological uses. This review mainly emphases on morphology, nutritional composition, and several therapeutic uses, along with pharmacological properties of different parts of this multipurpose plant. Different vegetative parts of this plant (roots, leaves, petioles, and flowers) contained a good profile of essential micro- and macronutrients and are rich source of fat, protein, carbohydrates, and vitamin C. The plant is well known for its pharmacological properties, e.g., antioxidant, antihelminthic, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and has been reported in the treatment of various neurological diseases. This plant is of high economic value. The plant has potential role in cosmetic industry. This review suggests that V. betonicifolia is a promising source of pharmaceutical agents. This plant is also of significance as ornamental plant, however further studies needed to explore its phytoconstituents and their pharmacological potential. Furthermore, clinical studies are needed to use this plant for benefits of human beings.

Comprehensive Analysis of Phytochemical Constituents and Ethnopharmacological Investigation of Genus Datura.

The genus Datura comprises wild shrub plants that belong to the Solanaceae family. Naturally, they possess both medicinal and poisonous properties due to the presence of many biologically active phytochemical constituents. Traditionally, Datura had been used for mystic and religious purposes, as a natural drug to treat asthma, pain, gout, boils, abscesses, and wounds, and as psychoactive infusions and fumitories. Different Datura species exhibit diverse ethnopharmacological activities against different diseases, and many ancient and traditional cultures have used various forms of Datura to treat ailments and to prevent many diseases. In this article, we comprehensively summarize various phytochemical constituents isolated from Datura, their pharmacological properties against different diseases, parts of the plants used as traditional therapeutic agents, regions where they are located, and botanical descriptions of different Datura species. The ethnopharmacological properties of Datura may provide new insights for discovery and development of natural drugs. Further research is needed for the investigation of mechanisms of action and to develop safety profiles of the phytochemical constituents isolated from Datura species.

Antibiotic susceptibility of wound swab isolates in a tertiary hospital in Southwest Nigeria.

Background: Wounds are commonly encountered in the clinical practice. Microbacterial colonization and infection negatively affect wound outcomes. With increasing emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, it is essential to determine local patterns of wound microbiological profile and antibiotic susceptibility to guide rational empirical antibiotic use. Materials and Methods: Consecutive patients who presented to the plastic surgery unit were recruited to the study over a 6-month period. Wound swab cultures were performed at presentation using standard protocols and media. The wound swab was performed by the Levine technique and data were analyzed using a statistical software package. Results: Eighty-five microbial isolates were obtained from the eighty patients (55 males and 25 females) recruited. Gram-positive isolates were 35 (41.2%) and Gram-negative were 50 (58.8%). There was equal distribution of acute and chronic wounds. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common isolate at 30.6%, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (27.1%), Escherichia coli (9.4%), Streptococcus species (8.2%), and Morganella morganii (7.1%). The isolates demonstrated resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate, ampicillin, cloxacillin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime; low-to-moderate sensitivity to erythromycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin; and a moderate sensitivity to ceftriaxone and a high sensitivity to imipenem. There was significant difference in antibiotic resistance patterns between Gram-positive isolates from acute and chronic wound infections but not for acute and chronic wound Gram-negative isolates. Conclusion: Most of the microbial isolates, particularly the Gram-negative isolates demonstrated low sensitivity to commonly used antibiotics and moderate-to-high sensitivity to less commonly used newer antibiotics.

RésuméContexte: Les plaies sont généralement rencontrés dans la pratique clinique. La colonisation et l'infection Microbacterial négatif sur blessure Les résultats. Avec l'augmentation de l'émergence de souches résistantes aux antibiotiques, il est essentiel de déterminer les tendances locales de plaie profil microbiologique Sensibilité aux antibiotiques et de guider l'utilisation d'antibiotiques empiriques rationnelle. Matériel et méthodes: Patients consécutifs qui ont présenté à la Unité de chirurgie en plastique ont été recrutés pour l'étude sur une période de 6 mois. Écouvillon blessure cultures ont été effectuées à la présentation en utilisant des protocoles standard et des médias. L'écouvillonnage de la plaie a été effectuée par la technique de Levine et les données ont été analysées à l'aide d'un logiciel statistique. Résultats: Quatre-vingt-cinq isolats microbiens ont été obtenues à partir de 80 patients (55 hommes et 25 femmes) recrutés. Les isolats Gram-positives ont été 35 (41,2%) et Gram-négatives sont 50 (58,8%). Il y a égalité de répartition des blessures aiguës et chroniques. Pseudomonas aeruginosa est le plus fréquent d'isoler à 30,6%, suivi de Staphylococcus aureus (27,1%), Escherichia coli (9,4%), streptocoques (8,2%), et de Morganella morganii (7,1%). Les isolats présentaient une résistance à l'amoxicilline-clavulanate, ampicilline, cloxacillin, céfuroxime, ceftazidime, faible à modérée de la sensibilité à l'érythromycine, la gentamicine, la streptomycine, la tétracycline, la ciprofloxacine, l'ofloxacine et; et une sensibilité modérée à la ceftriaxone et une forte sensibilité à l'imipénème. Il y avait une différence dans les profils d'antibiorésistance entre les isolats de Gram-positives des infections de plaies aiguës et chroniques mais pas pour les plaies aiguës et chroniques des isolats de bactéries Gram-négatives. Conclusion: La plupart des isolats microbiens, en particulier les bactéries Gram-négatives isolats présentaient une faible sensibilité aux antibiotiques couramment utilisés et l'effet d'une grande sensibilité aux antibiotiques plus récents moins fréquemment utilisés.

Impact of different amendments on biochemical responses of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) plants grown in lead-cadmium contaminated soil.

Soil co-contamination with lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) is a tenacious risk to crop production globally. The current experiment observed the roles of amendments [biochar (BC), slag (SL), and ferrous manganese ore (FMO)] for enhancing Pb and Cd tolerance in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Our results revealed that application of amendments significantly enhanced the nutrient level of sesame seedlings developed under extreme Pb and Cd conditions. The higher Pb and Cd-tolerance in sesame encouraged by amendments might be credited to its capability to restrict Pb and Cd uptake and decreased oxidative damage induced by Pb and Cd that is also demonstrated by lesser production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced electrolyte leakage (EL) in plant biomass. The added amendments relieved Pb and Cd toxicity and improved photosynthetic pigments, soluble protein, and proline content. Not only this amendments also decreased the antioxidant bulk, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in sesame plants compared to control when exposed to Pb and Cd. Moreover, the added amendments = down-regulated the genes expression which regulate the SOD, POD, and CAT activity in sesame under Pb and Cd-stress. Furthermore, supplementation of amendments to the soil, reduced the bio accessibility (SBET), leachability (TCLP), and mobility (CaCl2) of Pb and Cd. Collectively, our findings conclude that the application of amendments enhanced sesame tolerance to Pb and Cd stress by restricting Pb and Cd accumulation, maintained photosynthetic presentation and dropped oxidative loss through enhanced antioxidant system, thus signifying amendments as an operational stress regulators in modifying Pb and Cd-toxicity that is highly important economically in all crops including sesame.