RESUMO
Blackcurrant is available as a traditional medicine in Europe. However, the detailed effects of blackcurrant on the human gut microbiota remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the prebiotic effects of a blackcurrant extract using a human fecal culture model in six healthy subjects. Feces were individually inoculated into a medium with or without the blackcurrant extract and then fermented for 48 hr under anaerobic conditions. The results obtained from analysis of samples from the fermented medium demonstrated that after 48 hr of fermentation, the pH of the medium with the blackcurrant extract was significantly decreased (control, 6.62 ± 0.20; blackcurrant extract, 6.41 ± 0.33; p=0.0312). A 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of the microbiota of the fermented medium showed a significant increase in the relative abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae. In measuring the concentrations of putrefactive components in the fermented medium, we found that the blackcurrant extract significantly reduced ammonia levels and displayed a tendency toward reduced indole levels. Our results suggest that blackcurrant extract could be a potential ingredient for relief of putrefactive components in the gut.
RESUMO
Rotaviruses are the major etiologic agents of acute gastroenteritis. Viral attachment to the cell surface is crucial to initiate infection. The VP8∗ domain, the trypsinized cleavage fragment of the outermost spike protein VP4 of rotavirus, has a galectin-like structure required for binding to the cell surface. We used the evanescent-field fluorescence-assisted assay to understand the complex mechanism underlying the virus-glycan/glycoprotein interaction. Besides, we have described virus infection assays, neutralization assay, and pretreatment assay, using cell culture. These approaches using rotavirus particles will provide novel information that has been difficult to obtain from glycan microarray using recombinant VP8∗.
Assuntos
Antivirais/farmacologia , Proteínas do Capsídeo/metabolismo , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Rotavirus/metabolismo , Animais , Proteínas do Capsídeo/química , Linhagem Celular , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Macaca mulatta , Análise Serial de Proteínas , Domínios Proteicos , Rotavirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Ligação Viral/efeitos dos fármacos , Replicação ViralRESUMO
Dietary supplementation with the major lipotrope myo-inositol (MI) potently reduces triglyceride (TG) content and expression levels of the fatty acid synthesis genes, for example, fatty acid synthase (FASN), in rat nonalcoholic fatty liver induced by high-fructose diet. Fatty acid synthesis genes are regulated by the carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) that exists in 2 isoforms: ChREBP-α and ChREBP-ß. The gene encoding the latter isoform is more responsive to fructose. Because MI repressed the induction of fatty acid synthesis gene expression by high-fructose diet, we hypothesized that MI may reduce binding of ChREBP to the carbohydrate response elements (ChoREs) in the ChREBP-ß gene as well as in fatty acid synthesis genes in the liver. Rats were fed high-glucose, high-fructose, or high-fructose diets supplemented with MI (0.05% and 0.25%) for 2â¯weeks. Hepatic TG content and expression levels of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme 1, FASN, acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha, S14, and ChREBP-ß were remarkably elevated in rats fed with high fructose compared with the corresponding levels in high-glucose group. Notably, elevated values of these parameters in high-fructose group were reduced by MI. Similarly, high-fructose-induced ChREBP binding to the ChoREs of the ChREBP-ß and FASN genes was nominally decreased by MI. This study showed that treatment with MI reduced elevated TG content and expression of genes related to fatty acid synthesis, such as FASN and ChREBP-ß, in rat nonalcoholic fatty liver induced by high-fructose diet. Furthermore, MI treatment nominally decreased increased binding of ChREBP to the ChoREs of ChREBP-ß and FASN genes.
Assuntos
Fatores de Transcrição de Zíper de Leucina e Hélice-Alça-Hélix Básicos/metabolismo , Ácido Graxo Sintase Tipo I/metabolismo , Frutose/metabolismo , Inositol/farmacologia , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/metabolismo , Triglicerídeos/metabolismo , Acetil-CoA Carboxilase/metabolismo , Animais , Fatores de Transcrição de Zíper de Leucina e Hélice-Alça-Hélix Básicos/genética , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Açúcares da Dieta/administração & dosagem , Açúcares da Dieta/efeitos adversos , Açúcares da Dieta/metabolismo , Suplementos Nutricionais , Ácido Graxo Sintase Tipo I/genética , Frutose/administração & dosagem , Frutose/efeitos adversos , Expressão Gênica , Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Inositol/uso terapêutico , Lipogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Lipotrópicos/farmacologia , Lipotrópicos/uso terapêutico , Fígado/metabolismo , Malato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Masculino , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/etiologia , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Ratos Wistar , Proteína de Ligação a Elemento Regulador de Esterol 1/genética , Proteína de Ligação a Elemento Regulador de Esterol 1/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismoRESUMO
Colostrum is a complex mixture of bioactives that promotes neonate growth. Recently, we have found by in vivo study that skimmed, sterilized, and concentrated bovine late colostrum (SCBLC), obtained from a Holstein herd on days 6-7 after parturition, had an ability to maintain intestinal integrity. In the present study we investigated effects of SCBLC on rat intestinal IEC-6 cell proliferation in vitro. A fraction containing αs1-casein was found to have a robust stimulation effect as compared to other protein fractions from SCBLC and even the αs1-casein fraction from milk from other Holstein herds. Furthermore, the SCBLC αs1-casein molecule demonstrated not only slightly slower mobility on both SDS- and native-PAGE than other bovine milk αs1-caseins, but also a peculiar conformation reminiscent of moltenglobule in the circular dichroism spectrum. These findings may be of relevant to the competence of SCBLC to preserve intestinal integrity.
Assuntos
Caseínas/isolamento & purificação , Caseínas/farmacologia , Colostro/química , Mucosa Intestinal/citologia , Animais , Bovinos , Linhagem Celular , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Leite/química , Proteínas do Leite/farmacologia , Gravidez , Ratos , Especificidade da Espécie , Proteínas do Soro do LeiteRESUMO
We found that skimmed and concentrated bovine late colostrum (SCBLC) obtained from normal cows at 6-7 d after parturition exhibited high potency in inhibiting replication of human rotavirus (HRV) in vitro. Furthermore, prophylactic oral administration of SCBLC once before inoculation of HRV prevented the development of diarrhea in suckling mice in vivo. SCBLC from normal cows might be useful in the prevention of HRV-induced severe gastroenteritis in immunocompromised hosts.