RESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the protective effect of sildenafil on liver injury induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion. METHODS: Forty female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: sham-control (SC), ischemia (I), ischemia-reperfusion (IR), and ischemia-reperfusion+sildenafil (SIL; sildenafil gavaged at 50mg/kg before operating). A 2-h ischemia-reperfusion was performed by clamping the superior mesenteric artery. Liver function, plasma alanine (ALT) and aspartate (AST) aminotransferase, and intestinal and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured at the end of the experiment. Intestinal and liver tissue damage was examined by histology. Liver samples were immunologically stained for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). RESULTS: The ALT and AST levels were highest in the IR group and were lower in the SIL group (p<0.05). Intestinal MDA levels were statistically higher in the IR group than in the SC, I and SIL groups. Liver MDA levels were significantly higher in the IR group than in the I and SC groups (p<0.05) and higher than in the SIL group (p>0.05). Intestinal damage based on Chiu scoring was more severe in the IR than in the SIL group (p<0.05). Sildenafil reduced damage and also increased eNOS and PCNA immunoreactivity in liver tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Sildenafil shows a protective effect on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion-induced liver injury, possibly by decreasing vascular resistance through increased nitric oxide levels.
Assuntos
Intestinos/irrigação sanguínea , Intestinos/efeitos dos fármacos , Isquemia/tratamento farmacológico , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Piperazinas/uso terapêutico , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Sulfonas/uso terapêutico , Doenças Vasculares/tratamento farmacológico , Vasodilatadores/uso terapêutico , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Animais , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Constrição , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Feminino , Intestinos/química , Intestinos/patologia , Fígado/química , Fígado/enzimologia , Fígado/patologia , Glicogênio Hepático/análise , Malondialdeído/análise , Artéria Mesentérica Superior , Isquemia Mesentérica , Óxido Nítrico/biossíntese , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo III/biossíntese , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo III/genética , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação/biossíntese , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação/genética , Purinas/uso terapêutico , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/etiologia , Citrato de Sildenafila , Resistência Vascular/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine the protective effect of curcumin on testicular ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 32 male rats were divided into four groups (n = 8): group 1: control; group 2: ischemia; group 3: I/R, and group 4: I/R+CUR. Curcumin (150 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered before 30 min of reperfusion in group 4. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, Johnsen's testicular biopsy scores, and mean seminiferous tubule diameter measurements were evaluated in testes. In addition, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressions were evaluated immunohistochemically. RESULTS: MDA levels in control groups were significantly lower than other groups in ipsilateral and contralateral testes. Johnsen's scores in the control group were significantly higher than in other groups. MDA levels and Johnsen's scores in the I/R+CUR group were similar to the ischemia and I/R groups in ipsilateral and contralateral testes. The immunoreactivity of iNOS and eNOS were increased in I/R ipsilateral testicular groups. After I/R, iNOS and eNOS expression increased slightly in contralateral groups. Additionally, the curcumin treatment decreased iNOS and eNOS immunoreactivity in ipsilateral and contralateral testes. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that curcumin did not protect the unilateral nor contralateral testes. This observation may depend on inhibition of iNOS and eNOS due to inhibition of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects of nitric oxide.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Curcumina/uso terapêutico , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/etiologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Torção do Cordão Espermático/complicações , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/administração & dosagem , Curcumina/administração & dosagem , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Masculino , RatosRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of methylene blue (MB) in preventing renal scar formation after the induction of pyelonephritis (PNP) in a rat model with delayed antimicrobial therapy. An inoculum of the K-12 strain of Escherichia coli was injected into both kidneys. Control groups received isotonic saline instead of bacterial solution. Four equal groups were then formed: the PNP group was untreated and the PNP ciprofloxacin (CIP) treated group was treated only with CIP intraperitoneally (i.p.) starting on the third day following bacterial inoculation. In the PNP (MB)-treated group, MB was given i.p., and in the PNP MB + CIP-treated group, MB + CIP were administered i.p.. In the sixth week following bacterial inoculation, all rats were sacrificed, and both kidneys of the rats in all groups were examined biochemically and histopathologically for renal scarring. Renal scar was significant in the groups treated with MB alone or MB + CIP combination compared with untreated or antibiotic only groups. Delayed treatment with antibiotics had no effect on scarring. These results suggest that the addition of MB to the delayed antibiotic therapy might be beneficial in preventing PNP-induced oxidative renal tissue damage.