Caring for Patients With Electrical Burns Using the Holistic Neuman Systems Model: A Case Study.

Patients with burns should be provided with holistic nursing care that considers all systems of the body. The Neuman Systems Model (NSM) is especially suited to holistic care as it proposes an open system approach and addresses five major interacting variables. This study aimed to investigate the applicability of the NSM when caring for a patient with electrical burns. In this case study, we planned and applied nursing care for a 20-year-old man with electrical burns based on the NSM. The study was conducted between November 25, 2018, and January 10, 2019. We used the six-item Neuman Diagnostic Tool (NDT) developed by Neuman in our interviews with the patient. We found that the electrical burns had caused multiple physiological, psychological, and sociocultural problems for our patient, most of which were physical problems, including the burn injury and subsequent limb amputation. The NDT guided our data collection and aided in our ability to determine stressors and formulate appropriate nursing diagnoses. The NSM strengthened the patient's flexible line of defense for coping individually and facilitated the identification of deficiencies in the normal and resistance lines of defense. The NSM provides a theoretical framework for nurses caring for patients with burns where entire systems are affected.

The effects of two different electrical stimulation methods on the pain intensity of the patients who had undergone abdominal surgery with a midline incision: Randomized controlled clinical trial.

Aims-Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation (TAES) on pain and analgesic drug consumption in patients who had undergone abdominal surgery. Background: Evidence for the effects of and TAES on pain and analgesic consumption on patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Design: This research was conducted as a randomized controlled trial. Methods: This research sample consisted of 48 patients who underwent abdominal surgery with a midline incision. The patients were randomized into three groups, the first intervention group, which used TENS, the second intervention group, which used TAES (ST25, P6, ST36, LI4) and the control group, which did not. Results: Pain scores and analgesic consumption of both intervention groups were significantly lower than the control group. Conclusion: The research's findings reveal that the two electrical stimulation methods have similar effects on pain scores and analgesic consumption in patients.

Three Distraction Methods for Pain Reduction During Cystoscopy: A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effects on Pain, Anxiety, and Satisfaction.

BACKGROUND: Cystoscopy is a safe diagnostic procedure commonly used to evaluate lower urinary tract symptoms. This can cause pain, anxiety, and dissatisfaction in patients undergoing cystoscopy. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the effects on pain, anxiety, and satisfaction of distraction methods used during cystoscopy. DESIGN: Single-center, open-label, randomized, parallel-group trial. SETTING: Cystoscopy unit of a training and research hospital in Turkey. PARTICIPANTS: Male patients ≥18 years of age who underwent rigid cystoscopy for the first time. METHODS: A total of 120 male patients were recruited and randomized into four groups as music, stress ball, video, and control group. Data were collected using visual analog scale for pain and satisfaction, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for anxiety, and hemodynamic parameters. The primary outcome was the difference with respect to pain scores among intervention groups. Other outcome measures were anxiety and satisfaction scores. RESULTS: Pain severity during cystoscopy was found to be significantly lower in the intervention groups than the control group. In the video group, the severity of pain during cystoscopy was also found to be significantly lower than music and stress ball groups (p = 0.006, p < 0.001). After cystoscopy, anxiety levels were significantly lower and satisfaction levels were significantly higher in the intervention groups than in the control group. Anxiety levels were significantly lower in the video group than music and stress ball groups (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). Satisfaction levels were also significantly higher after cystoscopy in the video group than in the music and stress ball groups (p = 0.018, p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS: According to this study, distraction methods used during rigid cystoscopy were found to have a reducing effect on pain, anxiety, and dissatisfaction. As the results of the study are evaluated, video should be recommended to be the first preferred distraction method during rigid cystoscopy.

Effect of acupressure application to the P6 acupoint before laparoscopic cholecystectomy on postoperative nausea-vomiting: A randomized controlled clinical study.

BACKGROUND: Nausea and vomiting are common postoperative complications that occur within the first 24 h in adults. Clinical practice guidelines and a Cochrane review recommend stimulating the P6 acupoint to prevent or reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting. However, there are currently no standards and optimal timing is not known. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of acupressure application on the P6 acupoint, using acupressure wristbands, in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting and the antiemetic drug requirement in patients who had high postoperative nausea and vomiting risk related to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. DESIGN: This was a longitudinal, randomized controlled clinical study. SETTINGS: The study was conducted in the general surgery department of a training and research hospital (105 beds), from March 2015 to March 2016. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 111 female patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery were divided into three groups of 37, using a block randomization method. METHODS: Training on acupressure wristband use was provided to the intervention group and an acupressure wristband with a plastic cap was placed at the P6 acupoint. A wristband with the same appearance as the acupressure wristband, but without a cap, was used in the placebo group. No intervention was used in the control group. The wristband was placed approximately one hour before the surgery and removed six hours after the surgery in both the intervention and placebo groups. The data were collected at the 2nd, 6th, and 24th postoperative hours. RESULTS: The application of the acupressure wristband to the P6 acupoint in patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy was found to be more effective in decreasing the severity of nausea at the 2nd postoperative hour and the nausea incidence at 2-6 h, postoperatively, when compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the intervention group and the control group. Therefore, acupressure application to the P6 acupoint was not found to be clinically effective in decreasing postoperative vomiting, antiemetic drug requirement, and in decreasing pain, anxiety, or the need for analgesic drugs (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We did not find the stimulation of the P6 acupoint with an acupressure wristband to be clinically effective in reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting or antiemetic drug requirement in patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Comparison of Two Different Distraction Methods Affecting the Level of Pain and Anxiety during Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy can cause pain and anxiety for patients. Despite the use of many distraction methods to reduce pain and anxiety, there is no study on the use of stress balls during lithotripsy. AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of use of stress balls and music therapy to reduce pain and anxiety during lithotripsy. DESIGN: This was a single-center, parallel randomized controlled trial. SETTINGS: The study involved the lithotripsy unit in a training and research hospital in Turkey. PARTICIPANTS: The study included 120 patients who had kidney or ureter stones. METHODS: The patients were randomly divided into three groups. The control group (group 1) received no interference, whereas experimental groups received stress ball (group 2) and music (group 3) interventions during lithotripsy, respectively. Data were collected using the Patient Information Form, visual analog scale, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference among the three groups in regard to anxiety and pain mean scores (p > .05). No statistically significant difference was found between anxiety scores before and after lithotripsy in each group (p > .05), whereas there was a statistically significant difference between pain scores during and after lithotripsy (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Based on the present study, no statistically significant difference was found between the use of stress balls and music in reducing pain and anxiety during lithotripsy. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of stress balls used during lithotripsy.