RESUMO
Objectives: Consumption of high-fat and high-sugar diets in Western countries has increased significantly causing major global health problems including metabolic syndrome and obesity. In addition, studies have suggested that obesity can lead to learning and memory deficits. In this context, the use of natural compounds with low costs, minor side effects and increased antioxidant activity, such as teas, could reduce the damages induced by obesity. We investigated the effect of white, green, red, and black teas (Camellia sinensis) and their possible neuroprotective mechanisms in an experimental obesity model induced by a cafeteria diet (CD). Methods: Female Swiss mice (20-30â g) were used; they received a normal diet or a hypercaloric diet (CD) during 8 weeks. Concomitantly, some mice received orally white, green, red, or black teas (1% dose) or water. Results: The mice subjected to CD showed weight gain, body fat accumulation, increased glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides, associated to recognition memory deficits and increased reactive species (RS) levels and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the hippocampus. All teas significantly reduced AChE activity and partially reduced fat accumulation. Green and red teas reduced memory deficit. White, green, and black teas reduced RS levels, while only green and black tea reduced plasma triglyceride levels. Discussion: According to the results obtained it is possible to conclude that green tea was better than other teas in reducing effects of the CD model, being able to protect a greater number of parameters.
Assuntos
Camellia sinensis , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Memória/efeitos dos fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/administração & dosagem , Reconhecimento Psicológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Chá , Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Animais , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismoRESUMO
Tribulus terrestris (TT) has been considered as a potential stimulator of testosterone production, which has been related with steroidal saponins prevailing in this plant. Cyclophosphamide (CP) is the most commonly used anticancer and immunosuppressant drug, which causes several toxic effects, especially on the reproductive system. Patients who need to use CP therapy exhibit reduced fertility or infertility, which impacts both physically and emotionally on the decision to use this drug, especially among young men. We hypothesized that the treatment with TT dry extract would protect the male reproductive system against CP toxicity. Mice received dry extract of TT (11 mg/kg) or vehicle by gavage for 14 days. Saline or CP was injected intraperitoneally at a single dose (100 mg/kg) on the 14th day. Animals were euthanized 24 h after CP administration, and testes and epididymis were removed for biochemical and histopathological analysis and sperm evaluation. The dry extract of TT was evaluated by HPLC analysis and demonstrated the presence of protodioscin (1.48%, w/w). CP exposure increased lipid peroxidation, reactive species, and protein carbonylation and altered antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, and GR). Moreover, acute exposure to CP caused a reduction on 17 ß-HSD activity, which may be related to the reduction in serum testosterone levels, histopathological changes observed in the testes, and the quality of the semen. The present study highlighted the role of TT dry extract to ameliorate the alterations induced by CP administration in mice testes, probably due to the presence of protodioscin.
Assuntos
Ciclofosfamida/efeitos adversos , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , Reprodução/efeitos dos fármacos , Tribulus/química , 17-Hidroxiesteroide Desidrogenases/metabolismo , Animais , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Sulfato de Desidroepiandrosterona/metabolismo , Diosgenina/análogos & derivados , Diosgenina/análise , Masculino , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Padrões de Referência , Saponinas/análise , Sêmen/metabolismo , Túbulos Seminíferos/efeitos dos fármacos , Túbulos Seminíferos/patologia , Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Espermatozoides/metabolismo , Testosterona/sangueRESUMO
This study investigated the effect of green tea (GT) on short and long term declarative memory and oxidative damage induced by transient ischemia-reperfusion (IR) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups of 10 according the stroke type induced: Sham IR, Sham IR+GT, IR, IR+GT, Sham ICH, Sham ICH+GT, ICH, ICH+GT. Supplementation with GT was initiated 10days before stroke surgery and continuous for 6days after (GT dose 400mg/kg). Short (STM) and long term memory (LTM) we evaluated with object recognition task (OR) and hippocampus were used to evaluate parameters related to oxidative stress (ROS, lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity). The rats subjected to IR and ICH showed STM and LTM deficits and GT intervention prevented it in both stroke models. IR and ICH induced increase on ROS levels in hippocampus. ICH increased the lipid peroxidation in hippocampus and the GT supplementation avoided it. IR induced decrease on total antioxidant capacity and GT prevented it. These results reveal that GT supplementation presents a neuroprotective role, attenuates redox imbalance and might have a beneficial impact on cognitive function after stroke.
Assuntos
Transtornos da Memória/tratamento farmacológico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico , Chá/fisiologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Oxirredução , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Reconhecimento Visual de Modelos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Chá/metabolismo , Chás Medicinais , Lobo TemporalRESUMO
Females are born with a finite number of oocyte-containing follicles and ovary damage results in reduced fertility. Cadmium accumulates in the reproductive system, damaging it, and the cigarette smoke is a potential exposure route. Natural therapies are relevant to health benefits and disease prevention. This study verified the effect of cadmium exposure on the ovaries of mice and the blueberry extract as a potential therapy. Blueberry therapy was effective in restoring reactive species levels and δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase activity, and partially improved the viability of cadmium-disrupted follicles. This therapy was not able to restore the 17 ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Extract HPLC evaluation indicated the presence of quercetin, quercitrin, isoquercetin, and ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid was the major substance and its concentration was 620.24 µg/mL. Thus, cadmium accumulates in the ovaries of mice after subchronic exposure, inducing cellular damage, and the blueberry extract possesses antioxidant properties that could protect, at least in part, the ovarian tissue from cadmium toxicity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 188-196, 2017.
Assuntos
Mirtilos Azuis (Planta)/química , Intoxicação por Cádmio/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Ovarianas/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Sintase do Porfobilinogênio/metabolismo , 11-beta-Hidroxiesteroide Desidrogenases/metabolismo , Animais , Intoxicação por Cádmio/patologia , Feminino , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Glutationa Sintase/metabolismo , Camundongos , Doenças Ovarianas/patologia , Folículo Ovariano/efeitos dos fármacos , Sintase do Porfobilinogênio/efeitos dos fármacos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
Cadmium has been associated with a wide spectrum of deleterious effects on the reproductive tissues, including ovary. This investigation evaluated the protective role of Camellia sinensis (green, white and red teas) in the cadmium-induced inhibition of ovarian δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) activity in vitro and ex vivo. This study demonstrated that green and white teas restored the cow ovary δ-ALA-D activity inhibited by cadmium whereas red tea had no effect in vitro. In addition, green tea was able to restore enzyme activity inhibited after acute cadmium exposure in mice ovary. Teas infusions composition was assessed by HPLC in a quantitative assay for catechins, purine alkaloids and gallic acid as well as total polyphenol content. The greatest effect of green tea observed in vitro as well as the protective role presented in the ex vivo study could be attributed to the major content of phenols, but not catechins. In fact, catechins were not able to restore enzyme activity inhibited by cadmium, demonstrating that these compounds are not major components responsible for the beneficial effect of green tea observed in this study. This study demonstrated the helpful effect of green tea infusion in ameliorating a marker protein of cadmium intoxication in ovarian tissue.