Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ethanol Extract Stem of Etlingera rubroloba A.D. Poulsen.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> <i>Etlingera rubroloba</i> A.D. Poulsen (<i>E. rubroloba</i>) is a plant endemic to South-East Sulawesi which is used empirically by local people as a pain reliever for joints and to increase endurance after typhoid fever. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol extract stem of <i>E. rubroloba</i>. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The stem of the ethanol extract of <i>E. rubroloba</i> with evaluated for antioxidants using the FRAP method and anti-inflammatory activity with the parameter level of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) <i>in vivo</i> by using 6 groups of rats, namely the normal, the negative (Na-CMC 0.5%), the positive control (Diclofenac sodium) and the ethanol extract group at doses of 200, 300 and 400 mg kg¹ b.wt. <b>Results:</b> The results of this study indicated that the antioxidant activity value of the IC₅₀ ethanol extract was 12.720±0.12 µg mL¹ and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) as a standard control was 3.14±0.12 µg mL¹. The TNF- α normal group (7.83 pg mL¹), negative control (250.92 pg mL¹), positive control (123.66 pg mL¹), treatment group dose 200 (192.20 pg mL¹), 300 (97, 95 pg mL¹) and 400 mg kg¹ b.wt. (28.78 pg mL¹). <b>Conclusion:</b> This study concluded that the ethanol extract of the stem of <i>E. rubroloba</i> has a very strong antioxidant activity and is an anti-inflammatory which is the best in reducing levels of TNF-α at a dose of 400 mg kg¹ b.wt.

Phytochemical Analysis and Immunomodulatory Potential on Diabetic-Infected Tuberculosis by Fruit Etlingera rubroloba A.D. Poulsen.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> <i> Etlingera rubroloba</i> (<i>E. rubroloba</i>) A.D. Poulsen is an endemic plant in South-East Sulawesi and is a newly discovered species. This plant is expected to have the potential as an immunomodulator in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), which can prevent tuberculosis infection by increasing the phagocytic function of macrophage cells and interleukin-12 (IL-12) levels. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic extract of the fruit of <i>E. rubroloba</i> A.D. Poulsen using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was carried out. The immunomodulatory potential <i>in vivo</i> on BALB/c mice model DM was carried out by oral induction of TB antigen with extract dose, control positive, negative and normal groups. Furthermore, the phagocytic activity of macrophage cells can be seen with a microscope and the levels of IL-12 with the Elisa kit. <b>Results:</b> The results showed the ethanol extract of the fruit of <i>E. rubroloba</i> contained eight chemical compounds and had potential as immunomodulators in BALB/c DM mice induced by TB antigen by increasing the phagocytic activity of macrophage cells and levels of IL-12, which were significantly different from the negative control (p<0.05). <b>Conclusion:</b> The chemical composition of the ethanol extract of the fruit of <i>E. rubroloba</i> has the potential as an immunomodulator in TB antigen-induced DM <i>in vivo</i>.