Unusual case of 'scorbutic proptosis'.

Proptosis is a frequent presenting symptom/sign of many paediatric malignancies. Acute-onset proptosis is an ophthalmic emergency that can endanger vision if not treated promptly. Appropriate treatment must be instituted only after investigating for the underlying aetiology. Here, we report a developmentally delayed boy in middle childhood who presented with recent onset bilateral proptosis. Clinical examination followed by radiological evaluation suggested scurvy to be the underlying cause and vitamin C supplementation led to prompt reversal of proptosis. The relevant literature has been reviewed and presented here to apprise the paediatric oncologists about this rare but easily treatable cause of proptosis.

Intranodal lipiodol injection for the treatment of chyle leak in children - a preliminary experience.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of intranodal lymphangiography using ethiodised oil (Lipiodol; Guerbet Japan, Tokyo, Japan) for the treatment of refractory cases of chylothorax and chylous ascites in the paediatric population. METHODS: Between 2016 and 2020, eight children having chyle leak resistant to conservative management underwent intranodal lymphangiography using lipiodol injection. After ethical approval by the Institutional Review Board, these patients' data were retrospectively analysed. Technical success was defined by opacification of inguinal and retroperitoneal lymphatics while injection on fluoroscopy. Clinical success was defined as progressively decreasing drain output and eventual cessation of output within a week after the procedure. Long-term follow up was done as feasible. RESULTS: Technical success was achieved in all the patients. Complete cessation of drain output was noted within 1 week of procedure in all patients indicating clinical success. One patient had recurrence of chylous leakage after an interval of 1 month and intranodal lymphangiography was repeated for that patient. The child had technical as well as clinical success after the repeat procedure. Hence a total of 9 procedures were performed in 8 patients. CONCLUSION: Intranodal lymphangiography may prove to be a valuable minimally invasive therapeutic tool in cases of refractory chylous leakage in paediatric patients with minimal risk of complications. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: Intranodal lymphangiography using lipiodol may prove to be a minimally invasive alternative in paediatric patients with refractory lymphatic leaks.

Efficacy of Oral Zinc Supplementation in Radiologically Confirmed Pneumonia: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of zinc as an adjuvant therapy in radiologically confirmed pneumonia in children 2-24 months of age. Patients and Methods: We analyzed data of 212 children with pneumonia for whom chest X-ray films were available at enrollment and at least two radiologists agreed on the diagnosis of pneumonia. We compared the time to recovery in the two groups (n = 121, zinc group and n = 91, placebo group) using a Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results: Time to recovery was similar in both groups [median interquartile range: zinc, 84 h (64, 140 h); placebo, 85 h (65, 140 h)]. The absolute risk reduction for treatment failure was 5.2% (95% confidence interval: -4.8, 15.1) with zinc supplementation. Conclusion: There was no significant beneficial effect of zinc on the duration of recovery or risk of treatment failure in children with radiologically confirmed pneumonia.

Effect of surgical techniques on long-term outcome in congenital pouch colon: A tertiary care centre experience.

BACKGROUND: The objective of the following study is to assess effect of a novel surgical technique on long-term outcome in operated cases of congenital pouch colon (CPC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analysed our surgical neonatal records from June 2002 to May 2012. Out of 477 cases of anorectal malformations, CPC was found in 73 (15%) cases. Out of 73 cases of CPC, 39 (53.4%) were complete pouch and 34 (46.6%) were incomplete. In addition to invertogram, an erect skiagram was done in all cases to confirm diagnosis. Patients were operated either by single stage pull-through or by staged procedure using conventional abdominoperineal (AP) pull-through or by our new hanging bowel technique. All patients were put on bowel management programme starting 1 month post-surgery until 5 years of life. RESULTS: Children presented to us at median age of 2.1 days. Mean weight at time of presentation was 2.74 kg. In our study, group median age at time of initial procedure was 2.7 days. In staged procedures definitive surgery was done after 6 months. Hospital stay in single stage procedure using the hanging bowel technique was 9.7 days while 17.4 days in conventional AP pull-through. Complication rate were high in conventional pull-through when compared to hanging bowel technique as shown by the significant P < 0.05. CONCLUSION: Our novel surgical technique for pull-through is suitable for both single stage as well as staged pull-through. Bowel enema programme should be an integral part of management of CPC.