Nutritional Composition and Pharmacological Activity of Musa balbisiana Colla Seed: An Insight into Phytochemical and Cellular Bioenergetic Profiling.

Musa balbisiana Colla belongs to the family Musaceae which is well-known for its nutritional and pharmacological properties. Here, we have analysed the phytochemical content and evaluated the nutritional, antioxidant, anti-glycation, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibition potential. Moreover, for the first time, we have studied the bioenergetic profiles of the bioactive fractions of M. balbisiana seeds extract against oxidative stress-related mitochondrial and cellular dysfunction using XFe24 extracellular flux analyzer. M. balbisiana seeds have high nutritional values with significant levels of carbohydrates, starch, protein, and minerals (Ca, Na, Mg, Cu, Fe, and Zn). Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the methanolic extract of M. balbisiana seeds revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) showed the highest antioxidant, anti-glycation, and phytochemical content as compared to other fractions. Moreover, the EAF showed a lower α-amylase inhibition and a higher α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Most importantly, our GC-MS analyses of EAF revealed the presence of unique and previously unreported 14 phytochemical compounds. A strong correlation between the biological activities and total phenolic/tannin content was observed. In addition, the bioactive fraction of M. balbisiana seeds (EAF) improved the bioenergetic profiles of free fatty acid-induced oxidative stress with a concomitant increase in ATP production, and respiratory and glycolytic capacity. Altogether, our findings suggest that M. balbisiana seeds can be used as a natural supplement to boost antioxidant levels and combat oxidative stress and non-enzymatic glycation.

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Verbascoside from Clerodendrum glandulosum Leaves for Analysis of Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities.

Verbascoside (VER) is a phenylethanoid glycoside compound found in Clerodendrum species and is an important part of traditional medicine. It is found in the leaves of Clerodendrum glandulosum, which is taken as a soup or vegetable and also utilized in traditional medicine by the people of Northeast India, especially against hypertension and diabetes. In the present study, VER was extracted from C. glandulosum leaves using ultrasound-assisted extraction through the solvent extraction method (ethanol-water, ethanol, and water). The ethanol extract had the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents, viz., 110.55 mg GAE/g and 87.60 mg QE/g, respectively. HPLC and LC-MS were used to identify the active phenolic compound, and VER was found to be the main component present in the extraction with a molecular weight of 624.59 g/mol. NMR (1H, 2D-COSY) analysis showed the presence of hydroxytyrosol, caffeic acid, glucose, and rhamnose in the VER backbone. Further, different antioxidant activities and antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemia enzyme markers' inhibition against VER-enriched ethanol extract were evaluated. The results showed that ultrasound extraction of polyphenols using ethanol from C. glandulosum could be a promising technique for the extraction of bioactive compounds.

Immobilization of Aspergillus quadrilineatus RSNK-1 multi-enzymatic system for fruit juice treatment and mannooligosaccharide generation.

Aspergillus quadrilineatus RSNK-1 produced a multi-enzymatic system containing (U/gds) ß-mannanase (1021), endo-xylanase (1 9 1), α-galactosidase (3.42), ß-xylosidase (0.07) and ß-glucosidase (0.28) on low-cost copra meal (CM) in SSF. The enzyme preparation was covalently immobilized on aluminum oxide pellets (3 mm) under statistically optimized conditions leading to 73.17% immobilization yield. The immobilized enzyme (Man-AOP) displayed enhanced thermal and pH stability. Man-AOP was characterized by FTIR, SEM and PXRD revealing a covalent interaction. The bio-conjugate was successfully recycled for mannooligosaccharide (MOS) generation from locust bean gum (LBG) up to 10 cycles, yielding an average of 0.95 mg MOS/cycle. Man-AOP was also effective in clarification of apple, kiwi, orange and peach juices and enhanced their reducing sugar content. The bio-conjugate was useful in generation of MOS from mannan and enrichment of fruit juices.