Christmas Tree Bio-Waste as a Power Source of Bioactive Materials with Anti-Proliferative Activities for Oral Care.

According to the American Cancer Society, roughly 54,000 new cases of oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancers have been detected in the United States of America in 2021, and they will cause about 10,850 deaths. The main therapies for cancer management, such as surgery and radio- and chemotherapy, have some own benefits, albeit they are often destructive for surrounding tissues; thus, deep investigations into non-surgical treatments for oral cavities are needed. Biologically active compounds (BACs) extracted from European Spruce needles were analyzed to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid content and were used as additional ingredients for oral hygiene products. An anti-proliferation investigation was carried out using extracts containing BACs with the use of several cell lines (cancer and a normal one). ESI-MS studies on BACs showed that luteolin, a natural flavonoid compound with anti-tumorigenic properties against various types of tumors, is the predominant component of the extracts. MTT, BrdU, and LIVE/DEAD studies demonstrated that BAC extracts obtained from Christmas tree needles possess anticancer properties against squamous cell carcinoma (with epithelial origins). We proved that BAC extracts contain high amounts of luteolin, which induces cytotoxicity toward cancer cells; along with their high selectivity, robustness, and nontoxicity, they are very promising materials in oral health applications.

Specific type of interactions in the quaternary system of Cu(II), adenosine 5'-triphosphate, 1,11-diamino-4,8-diazaundecane and uridine.

Complexation reactions in the quaternary system Cu/ATP/3,3,3-tet/Urd have been studied. The stability constants of the complexes of the Cu(ATP)(3,3,3-tet)H(x)(Urd) type have been determined by computer analysis of the potentiometric titration. On the basis of the results of spectroscopic as well as equilibrium studies, the mode of interactions has been proposed. Metal ions coordinate phosphate groups of ATP and nitrogen atoms of polyamine. It has been established that in the conditions of the complex Cu(ATP)(3,3,3-tet) formation, uridine introduced into the Cu(II)/ATP/3,3,3-tet ternary system is involved in hydrogen bonding with the endocyclic nitrogen atoms N(1) and N(7) of the ATP purine ring and formation of the adduct Cu(ATP)(3,3,3-tet)H(Urd) is observed. Introduction of metal ions into the system changes substantially the mode of interactions between complementary base pairs relative to that proposed in the Watson and Crick model.