Treatment of high-concentration phosphorus wastewater based on foamed concrete.

Phosphorus is a nonrenewable resource, and the recovery of phosphorus from wastewater containing high concentrations of phosphorus is of great importance. In this work, a novel method for highly efficient treatment of high-concentration phosphorus-containing wastewater (50 mg/L, 100 mg/L and 150 mg/L) with low energy consumption was developed by using the block waste foam concrete (FC) as a potential phosphorus recovery material. The results showed that acid leaching significantly improved the accumulation efficiency of phosphorus in calcium hydroxyphosphate (HAP) via accelerating the release of calcium in wastewater. The recovery rate of phosphorus could reach 99.0% under the pH value of 9.0 at 25 °C, using 2.0 g FC. It was also found that the microporous structure of the surface of FC provided the adsorption sites for phosphorus, resulting in the adsorption rate in different concentrations of phosphorus-containing wastewater up to 14.5%. It indicated that FC achieved the recovery of phosphorus from high-concentration phosphorus-containing wastewater by coupling HAP crystallization and physical adsorption to polyphosphorus.

The prospects of DNA damage repair variants guiding platinum compounds in the treatment of triple negative breast cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is prone to recurrence and metastasis, which is the subtype of poorest prognosis. Chemotherapy is the main treatment, although there is lack of effective adjuvant chemotherapy regimens. The unsatisfactory efficacy of chemotherapy has been a bottleneck in improving the outcome of TNBC. Platinum compounds act directly on DNA to kill tumor cells, and they have a stronger killing effect on tumor cells carrying DNA damage repair (DDR) defects, which is an important entry point to improve the efficacy of TNBC. Biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of platinum drugs in TNBC treatment have always been a hot topic. The DDR pathway contains a large number of related genes, and recent studies have shown that deficiencies in the DDR pathway may be associated with the efficacy of platinum drugs, which is expected to be a biomarker for predicting the efficacy of platinum drugs in breast cancer treatment.

An Efficient Strategy Based on Liquid-Liquid Extraction With Acid Condition and HSCCC for Rapid Enrichment and Preparative Separation of Three Caffeoylquinic Acid Isomers From Mulberry Leaves.

Morus alba L. is a medicinal plant that contains a high amount of caffeoylquinic acids such as 3-caffeoylquinic acid (3-CQA), 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) and 4-caffeoylquinic acid (4-CQA). This study aimed to establish a fast and efficient method for separating caffeoylquinic acids from mulberry leaves by using high-speed countercurrent chromatography coupled with macroporous resin. D101 resin showed better adsorption and desorption capacity for three caffeoylquinic acids among six macroporous resin adsorbents. The contents of 3-CQA, 5-CQA and 4-CQA reached for 4.77%, 18.95% and 9.84% through one cycle of D101 resin, which were 3.13-fold, 4.57-fold and 4.78-fold more than those in crude extracts, respectively. With a two-phase solvent system of ethyl acetate-water (1:1, V/V), >93% purity of target compounds were obtained in one cycle during 150 min with the recovery yields of 80.59%, 99.56% and 94.21% for 3-CQA, 5-CQA and 4-CQA, respectively. The structural identification of target compounds was carried out by ESI-MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. The present result represented an easy and efficient separation strategy for the utilization of mulberry resource.

A sensitive and selective multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of flavonol glycoside, terpene lactones, and biflavonoids in Ginkgo biloba leaves.

In this study, an efficient and sensitive UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS (MRM) analytical strategy was established firstly for simultaneous determination of 11 components, including 3 original flavonol glycoside, 4 terpene lactones and 4 biflavonoids in Ginkgo biloba leaves. The validated strategy exhibited proper linearity (R2 ≥0.99) in the range of 0.5-125 µg/mL, and intra and inter-day precision were lower than 4.09% and 4.80%, respectively. Limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were calculated, ranging from 0.2-4.6 ng/mL, with repeatability values between 1.98% and 4.48%. The average recoveries were all in the range of 98.45-106.67% with RSD (n = 3) for the related compounds. Subsequently, the proposed method was used for the analysis of Ginkgo biloba leaves during leaf senescence. Results showed the dominant flavonol glycosides were kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, the level of terpene lactones and biflavonoids reached the highest in the latest harvest samples. Compared with conventional detection method, the present method could directly analyze original flavonol glycoside without acid hydrolysis process and terpene lactones without the ELSD in a high sensitivity. Moreover, the biflavonoids in Ginkgo biloba leaves were also simultaneously quantified. The results demonstrated that the developed method was accurate, sensitive and reliable for simultaneous quantification of multi-components in Ginkgo biloba leaves, and this study should be significant for the comprehensive utilization and development of Ginkgo biloba resources.

The Zuo Jin Wan Formula increases chemosensitivity of human primary gastric cancer cells by AKT mediated mitochondrial translocation of cofilin-1.

Resistance to cisplatin (DDP)-based chemotherapy is a major cause of treatment failure in human gastric cancer (GC). It is necessary to identify the drugs to re-sensitize GC cells to DDP. In our previous research, Zuo Jin Wan Formula (ZJW) has been proved could increase the mitochondrial apoptosis via cofilin-1 in a immortalized cell line, SGC-7901/DDP. Due to the immortalized cells may still difficult highly recapitulate the important molecular events in vivo, primary GC cells model derived from clinical patient was constructed in the present study to further evaluate the effect of ZJW and the underlying molecular mechanism. Immunofluorescent staining was used to indentify primary cultured human GC cells. Western blotting was carried out to detect the protein expression. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to evaluate cell proliferation. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to assess cell apoptosis. ZJW inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in primary DDP-resistant GC cells. Notably, the apoptosis in GC cells was mediated by inducing cofilin-1 mitochondrial translocation, down-regulating Bcl-2 and up-regulating Bax expression. Surprisingly, the level of p-AKT protein was higher in DDP-resistant GC cells than that of the DDP-sensitive GC cells, and the activation of AKT could attenuate ZJW-induced sensitivity to DDP. These data revealed that ZJW can increase the chemosensitivity in DDP-resistant primary GC cells by inducing mitochondrial apoptosis and AKT inactivation. The combining chemotherapy with ZJW may be an effective therapeutic strategy for GC chemoresistance patients.

Health-promoting phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity in different organs from six varieties of Chinese kale.

Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra) has high nutritional value. This study investigated the contents of glucosinolates, antioxidants (chlorophylls, carotenoids, vitamin C, and total phenolics), and antioxidant capacity in five organs from six varieties of Chinese kale. The highest concentrations of individual and total glucosinolates were in the roots and inflorescences, respectively. The highest levels of antioxidants and antioxidant capacity were in inflorescences and leaves. Plant organs played a predominant role in glucosinolate and antioxidant accumulation. Glucoiberin, glucoraphanin, and glucobrassicin, the main anticarcinogenic glucosinolates, could be enhanced simultaneously because of their high positive correlations. The relationship between glucosinolates and antioxidant capacity indicated that glucobrassicin might contribute to the total antioxidant capacity. These results provide useful information related to consumption, breeding of functional varieties, and use of the non-edible organs of Chinese kale.

The Zuo Jin Wan Formula increases chemosensitivity of human primary gastric cancer cells by AKT mediated mitochondrial translocation of cofilin-1 / 中国天然药物

Resistance to cisplatin (DDP)-based chemotherapy is a major cause of treatment failure in human gastric cancer (GC). It is necessary to identify the drugs to re-sensitize GC cells to DDP. In our previous research, Zuo Jin Wan Formula (ZJW) has been proved could increase the mitochondrial apoptosis via cofilin-1 in a immortalized cell line, SGC-7901/DDP. Due to the immortalized cells may still difficult highly recapitulate the important molecular events in vivo, primary GC cells model derived from clinical patient was constructed in the present study to further evaluate the effect of ZJW and the underlying molecular mechanism. Immunofluorescent staining was used to indentify primary cultured human GC cells. Western blotting was carried out to detect the protein expression. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to evaluate cell proliferation. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to assess cell apoptosis. ZJW inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in primary DDP-resistant GC cells. Notably, the apoptosis in GC cells was mediated by inducing cofilin-1 mitochondrial translocation, down-regulating Bcl-2 and up-regulating Bax expression. Surprisingly, the level of p-AKT protein was higher in DDP-resistant GC cells than that of the DDP-sensitive GC cells, and the activation of AKT could attenuate ZJW-induced sensitivity to DDP. These data revealed that ZJW can increase the chemosensitivity in DDP-resistant primary GC cells by inducing mitochondrial apoptosis and AKT inactivation. The combining chemotherapy with ZJW may be an effective therapeutic strategy for GC chemoresistance patients.

Treatment of Sewage Using a Constructed Soil Rapid Infiltration System Combined with Pre-Denitrification.

The activated sludge process of the anaerobic/oxic (A/O) process has a good denitrification performance because it can make full use of the carbon source in the original sewage, and the denitrification can provide alkalinity for aerobic nitrification. The traditional constructed soil rapid infiltration (CSRI) system, on the other hand, has a poor nitrogen removal effect. Dividing the traditional CSRI system into two sections, one performs denitrification as an anoxic section, while the other performs nitrification as an aerobic section and is placed after the anoxic section. The nitrification liquid of the effluent from the aerobic section is mixed with the original wastewater and enters the anoxic section for denitrification. We expected that this would be improved by combining CSRI with a pre-denitrification step that would make full use of the carbon source in the original sewage. In a small-scale experimental model, the removal efficiencies of nitrogen, in the form of ammonium, nitrate, and total nitrogen (TN), as well as chemical oxygen demand (COD), were determined. The hydraulic load was varied, while the backflow reflux capacity was kept constant, to determine the effect on the pre-denitrification process. An average removal rate of 95.4% for NH4⁺-N and 96% for COD could be obtained when a hydraulic load of 80 cm³(cm²·d)-1 and a reflux ratio of 75% were applied. Under these conditions, the average removal rate of TN was 77.4%, which is much higher than what can be typically achieved with conventional CSRI systems.

An evaluation of the application of clinical nursing pathway in the rehabilitation of stroke patients / 预防医学

Objective To evaluate the clinical nursing pathway in the treatment of stroke patients in combination with traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine. Methods A hundred patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group, 50 cases of each, which selected in Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January to December in 2015. The normal nursing methods were used in the control group and the clinical nursing paths were used in the observation group. Results The average value of Barthel score of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group (55.93±9.12 vs. 46.51±9.29, P<0.05) . The recovery efficiency of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (90.00％ vs. 62.00％, P<0.05) . The score of satisfaction of nursing work in the observation group was higher than that of the control group (9.13±0.49 vs.7.08±0.72, P<0.05), and the average length of stay was shortened (43.62±3.79 vs. 65.13±3.11, P<0.05) respectively compared with the control group, and the curative effect of topsis was evaluated by topsis method, and the Ci value of the observation group (Ci=0.781) was better than that of the control group (Ci =0.219) . Conclusion The clinical nursing pathway could significantly improve stroke patients Barthel score, muscle strength and nursing job satisfaction, and overall reduce the duration of hospital stays.

An interprojection sensor fusion approach to estimate blocked projection signal in synchronized moving grid-based CBCT system.

PURPOSE: A preobject grid can reduce and correct scatter in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). However, half of the signal in each projection is blocked by the grid. A synchronized moving grid (SMOG) has been proposed to acquire two complimentary projections at each gantry position and merge them into one complete projection. That approach, however, suffers from increased scanning time and the technical difficulty of accurately merging the two projections per gantry angle. Herein, the authors present a new SMOG approach which acquires a single projection per gantry angle, with complimentary grid patterns for any two adjacent projections, and use an interprojection sensor fusion (IPSF) technique to estimate the blocked signal in each projection. The method may have the additional benefit of reduced imaging dose due to the grid blocking half of the incident radiation. METHODS: The IPSF considers multiple paired observations from two adjacent gantry angles as approximations of the blocked signal and uses a weighted least square regression of these observations to finally determine the blocked signal. The method was first tested with a simulated SMOG on a head phantom. The signal to noise ratio (SNR), which represents the difference of the recovered CBCT image to the original image without the SMOG, was used to evaluate the ability of the IPSF in recovering the missing signal. The IPSF approach was then tested using a Catphan phantom on a prototype SMOG assembly installed in a bench top CBCT system. RESULTS: In the simulated SMOG experiment, the SNRs were increased from 15.1 and 12.7 dB to 35.6 and 28.9 dB comparing with a conventional interpolation method (inpainting method) for a projection and the reconstructed 3D image, respectively, suggesting that IPSF successfully recovered most of blocked signal. In the prototype SMOG experiment, the authors have successfully reconstructed a CBCT image using the IPSF-SMOG approach. The detailed geometric features in the Catphan phantom were mostly recovered according to visual evaluation. The scatter related artifacts, such as cupping artifacts, were almost completely removed. CONCLUSIONS: The IPSF-SMOG is promising in reducing scatter artifacts and improving image quality while reducing radiation dose.

[A comparative study on iodine nutritional status of adult islanders in Zhoushan].

OBJECTIVE: To measure the iodine nutritional status on adult islanders and to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of iodized salt prophylactic programs. METHODS: A comparative study was carried out in 8 rural townships selected from Dinghai (iodized salt district) and Daishan (non-iodized salt district) of Zhoushan islands by random sampling method. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the urinary iodine concentration and dietary iodine intake of the two groups. Spearman correlation test was used to look for the correlation of urinary iodine concentration and dietary iodine intake in the two groups respectively. RESULTS: The amounts of daily iodine intake excluding the iodine intake from iodized salt in the two groups were 128 micro g and 147 micro g respectively but the difference was not statistically significant (u = 1.847, P = 0.065). The urinary iodine concentration of non-iodized salt group was 90 micro g/L, lower than 194 micro g/L in iodized salt group (u = 14.673, P = 0.000). There was no significant correlation between daily iodine intake and urinary iodine concentration (r(s) = 0.052, P = 0.095). CONCLUSIONS: In Zhoushan islands, the daily iodine intake did not meet the daily need (150 micro g/day) suggesting that iodized salt supplement was necessary. However, side effect due to overdose should be brought into attention.

A comparative study on iodine nutritional status of adult islanders in Zhoushan / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To measure the iodine nutritional status on adult islanders and to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of iodized salt prophylactic programs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A comparative study was carried out in 8 rural townships selected from Dinghai (iodized salt district) and Daishan (non-iodized salt district) of Zhoushan islands by random sampling method. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the urinary iodine concentration and dietary iodine intake of the two groups. Spearman correlation test was used to look for the correlation of urinary iodine concentration and dietary iodine intake in the two groups respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The amounts of daily iodine intake excluding the iodine intake from iodized salt in the two groups were 128 micro g and 147 micro g respectively but the difference was not statistically significant (u = 1.847, P = 0.065). The urinary iodine concentration of non-iodized salt group was 90 micro g/L, lower than 194 micro g/L in iodized salt group (u = 14.673, P = 0.000). There was no significant correlation between daily iodine intake and urinary iodine concentration (r(s) = 0.052, P = 0.095).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In Zhoushan islands, the daily iodine intake did not meet the daily need (150 micro g/day) suggesting that iodized salt supplement was necessary. However, side effect due to overdose should be brought into attention.</p>