Fractura de fatiga del sacro como causa de dolor glúteo profundo: revisión bibliográfica y exposición de un caso clínico / Fatigue fracture of the sacrum as a cause of deep gluteal pain: literature review and presentation of a clinical case

El Síndrome de Dolor Glúteo Profundo lo puede causar una fractura de fatiga del sacro. Objetivo: Facilitar el diagnóstico del Síndrome de Dolor Glúteo Profundo exponiendo un caso clínico y revisión bibliográfica de fractura de fatiga del sacro. Metodología: Búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed sobre fractura de fatiga del sacro en atletas y descripción de un caso clínico de ésta. Resultados: Los principales factores predisponentes de una fractura de fatiga del sacro son las cargas desproporcionadas, baja densidad mineral ósea, alteraciones biomecánicas y una superficie de carrera dura. Estas fracturas son más frecuentes en corredores de larga distancia. El diagnóstico de elección es la Resonancia Magnética Nuclear. El tratamiento consiste en reposo de la actividad causante, suplementación con vitamina D y calcio y magnetoterapia. Se describe la clínica, exploraciones complementarias y evolución de un duatleta con fractura de fatiga de sacro. (AU)

Management of auricular transcutaneous neuromodulation and electro-acupuncture of the vagus nerve for chronic migraine: a systematic review.

Background: Migraine is a type of primary headache that is accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or sensitivity to light and sound. Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review on the effectiveness of non-invasive neuromodulation, auricular transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (at-VNS), and electro-ear acupuncture of the vagus nerve in patients with migraine headaches. Methods: Six databases were searched from inception to 15 June 2022 for clinical trials, in which at least one group received any form of non-invasive neuromodulation of the vagus nerve for managing migraine with outcomes collected on pain intensity and related disability. Data, including participants, interventions, blinding strategy, outcomes, and results, were extracted by two reviewers. The methodological quality was assessed with the PEDro scale, ROB, and Oxford scale. Results: The search identified 1,117 publications with nine trials eligible for inclusion in the review. The methodological quality scores ranged from 6 to 8 (mean: 7.3, SD: 0.8) points. Low-quality evidence suggests some positive clinical effects for the treatment of chronic migraine with 1 Hz with at-VNS and ear-electro-acupuncture compared with the control group at post-treatment. Some of the studies provided evidence of the relationship between chronic migraine and a possible positive effect as a treatment with at-VNS and the neurophysiological effects using fMRI. Six of the studies provided evidence using fMRI of the relationship between chronic migraine and a possible positive effect as a treatment with at-VNS and the neurophysiological effects. Regarding all included studies, the level of evidence with the Oxford scale was level 1 (11.17%), six studies were graded as level 2 (66.66%), and two studies were graded as level 3 (22.2%). With the PEDro score, five studies got a low methodological score < 5 and only four got a score superior to 5, being highly methodological quality studies. For ROB, most of the studies were high risk and only a few of them received a low risk of bias. The pain intensity, migraine attacks, frequency, and duration were measured by three studies with positive results at post-treatment. And only 7% reported adverse events using at-VNS. All studies reported results at a post-treatment period in their respective main outcomes. And all studies with fMRI provided strong evidence of the relationship between the Locus Coeruleus, Frontal Cortex, and other superior brain areas with the auricular branch of the Vagus nerve with at-VNS. Conclusion: Some positive effects regarding the effect of non-invasive neuromodulation, auricular transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (at-VNS), and electro-ear acupuncture of the vagus nerve on migraine is reported in the current literature, but there are not enough data to obtain strong conclusions. Systematic review registration: This systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO database (registration number: CRD42021265126).

The Barriers to Deprescription in Older Patients: A Survey of Spanish Clinicians.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: There are barriers to deprescription that hinder its implementation in clinical practice. The objective of this study was to analyse the main barriers and limitations of the deprescription process perceived by physicians who care for multipathological patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The "deprescription questionnaire of elderly patients" was adapted to an online format and sent to physicians in geriatrics. Question 1 is a reference to establish agreement or disagreement with this practice. The influence of different aspects of deprescription was analysed via the demographic characteristics of the clinicians and perceptions of the various barriers (questions 2-9) by means of bivariate analysis. Based on the latter, a multivariate model was carried out to demonstrate the relationship between barriers and the degree of deprescription agreement among respondents. RESULTS: Of the 72 respondents, 72.2% were in favour of deprescribing. Regarding the analyses, the demographic characteristics did not influence rankings. The deprescription of preventive drugs and consensus with patients were associated with a positive attitude towards deprescribing, while withdrawing drugs prescribed by other professionals, time constraints and patient reluctance emerged as possible barriers. The only factor independently associated with deprescribing was lack of time. CONCLUSIONS: Time was found to be the main barrier to deprescription. Training, the creation of multidisciplinary teams and integrated health systems are key facilitators.

Guamara and Cocuixtle: Source of Proteases for the Transformation of Shrimp By-Products into Hydrolysates with Potential Application.

Since the fruits of Bromelia pinguin and Bromelia karatas are rich in proteases, the aim of this research was to optimize the hydrolysis process of cooked white shrimp by-products due to the effect of these proteases. A robust Taguchi L16' design was used to optimize the hydrolysis process. Similarly, the amino acid profile by GC-MS and antioxidant capacity (ABTS and FRAP) were determined. The optimal conditions for hydrolysis of cooked shrimp by-products were pH 8.0, 30 °C, 0.5 h, 1 g of substrate and 100 µg/mL of B. karatas, pH 7.5, 40 °C, 0.5 h, 0.5 g substrate and 100 µg/mL enzyme extract from B. pinguin and pH 7.0, 37 °C, 1 h, 1.5 g substrate and 100 µg/mL enzyme bromelain. The optimized hydrolyzates of B. karatas B. pinguin and bromelain had 8 essential amino acids in their composition. The evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of the hydrolyzates under optimal conditions showed more than 80% inhibition of in ABTS radical, B. karatas hydrolyzates had better higher ferric ion reduction capacity with 10.09 ± 0.02 mM TE/mL. Finally, the use of proteolytic extracts from B. pinguin and B. karatas to optimize hydrolysis process allowed obtaining hydrolyzates of cooked shrimp by-products with potential antioxidant capacity.

Monitoring the Shelf Life of Refined Vegetable Oils under Market Storage Conditions-A Kinetic Chemofoodmetric Approach.

Most physicochemical and sensory properties of edible vegetable oils are not stable over time. One of the main causes of quality depletion of vegetable oils is oxidation, which influences sensory acceptability and nutritional value, and could even lead to toxic compounds. That negative influence affects international refined oil prices and the variety of its culinary applications. Modelling quality depletion of vegetable oils and establishing the shelf life, generally accepted as the time until rancidity becomes evident, already remains a challenge for the industry. Hence, this paper will show a promising chemofoodmetric methodology, as an easy and straightforward tool to estimate the current shelf-life of refined vegetable oils, based on a comprehensive characterisation of quality depletion-related changes over storage time under real market conditions. The methodology for building a multivariate kinetic ageing-based model is described, taking into account all time-related physicochemical parameters and chemometric processing tools. From a particular ageing state, multiparametric models are able to reliably infer the expected storage time for each vegetable oil so that it remains consistent with acceptability requirements. The results of the study pointed out the accuracy of multivariate shelf-life modelling with regard to univariate modelling. Discrepancies were found in the oxidation rates of oils extracted from different plant seeds.

Antioxidant responses related to temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma remains one of the most challenging and devastating cancers, with only a very small proportion of patients achieving 5-year survival. The current standard of care consists of surgery, followed by radiation therapy with concurrent and maintenance chemotherapy with the alkylating agent temozolomide. To date, this drug is the only one that provides a significant survival benefit, albeit modest, as patients end up acquiring resistance to this drug. As a result, tumor progression and recurrence inevitably occur, leading to death. Several factors have been proposed to explain this resistance, including an upregulated antioxidant system to keep the elevated intracellular ROS levels, a hallmark of cancer cells, under control. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of chemoresistance -including the important role of glioblastoma stem cells-with emphasis on antioxidant defenses and how agents that impair redox balance (i.e.: sulfasalazine, erastin, CB-839, withaferin, resveratrol, curcumin, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine) might be advantageous in combined therapies against this type of cancer.

Short-Term Morphological Changes in Asymptomatic Perimandibular Muscles after Dry Needling Assessed with Rehabilitative Ultrasound Imaging: A Proof-of-Concept Study.

Facial anatomical structures are not easily accessible to manual palpation. The aim of our study is to objectively assess temporomandibular joint and perimandibular muscles dimensions by means of sonographic measurements before and after dry needling (DN) in asymptomatic subjects. Seventeen subjects participated in this before-after study with a within-subject control. After random allocation, one side of the face was used for the intervention and the contralateral as control. DN was performed on the temporal, masseter, and sternocleidomastoid muscles. Each subject was examined bilaterally before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention through Rehabilitative Ultrasound Imaging (RUSI) of the temporomandibular articular disc and the three target muscles. Maximum mouth opening was measured at baseline and at one month. After a single DN session, articular disc thickness significantly decreased; muscles' thicknesses (except for temporal thickness) significantly decreased immediately and at follow-up on the treated side; no significant changes resulted for the control side. The maximum mouth opening increased from 4.77 mm to 4.86 mm. RUSI may be useful to assess the dimensions and thickness of the temporomandibular disc and muscles before and after an intervention. DN influences muscle morphology, and it has a positive influence on mouth opening in the short term.

Cadaveric and in vivo validation of needle placement in the medial pterygoid muscle.

BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that medial pterygoid muscle plays an important role in temporomandibular pain. Therapeutic approaches targeting this muscle are needed. OBJECTIVE: To determine if a solid needle accurately penetrates the medial pterygoid muscle during the application of dry needling. DESIGN: A cadaveric and human descriptive study. METHODS: Needling insertion of the medial pterygoid was conducted in 5 fresh cadaver and 5 subjects with temporomandibular pain. Needling insertion was performed using a 40 mm needle inserted at the inferior angle of the mandibular bone. The needle was advanced from an inferior to superior direction into the medial pterygoid to a maximum depth of 30 mm. In cadavers, medial pterygoid placement was assessed by observation after resecting the superficial overlying tissues. In patients, medial pterygoid placement was assessed by self-reported pain referral during insertion. RESULTS: Accurate needle penetration of the medial pterygoid was observed in all fresh cadavers and pain referral was reported by 4/5 patients during needling insertion. CONCLUSION: Results from both cadavers and patients support the assertion that needling of the medial pterygoid can be accurately conducted.

Identification, characterization and expression analysis of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) microRNAs.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved, short (~ 21-nucleotide), endogenous, non-coding RNA molecules that play major roles in post-transcriptional silencing by guiding target mRNA cleavage or translational inhibition. In this study, applying high-stringent genome-wide computational-based approaches, a total of 28 putative miRNAs belonging to 17 miRNA families were identified from an antioxidant-rich medicinal plant passion fruit (Passiflora edulis). Inter-tissue (leaves and fruits) and inter-varietal (yellow and purple fruit varieties) quantitative study of six putative passion fruit miRNAs (ped-miR160, ped-miR164, ped-miR166, ped-miR393, ped-miR394, and ped-miR398) showed differential expression. Using psRNATarget tool, a total of 25 potential target proteins of the characterized passion fruit miRNAs were also identified. Most of the target proteins identified in this study, including SQUAMOSA promoter binding, Class III HD-Zip, NAC, Scarecrow, APETALA2, Auxin response factor, MYB, and superoxide dismutase, were found to be involved in development, metabolism, and defense/stress response signaling.

Cadaveric and ultrasonographic validation of needling placement in the obliquus capitis inferior muscle.

BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that suboccipital musculature plays an important role in headache. Proper therapeutic approaches targeting this muscle are needed. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to determine with fresh cadavers and ultrasound imaging if a solid needle is able to properly penetrate the obliquus capitis inferior muscle during the application of dry needling. DESIGN: A cadaveric and human descriptive study. METHODS: Needling insertion and ultrasound imaging of the obliquus capitis inferior muscle was conducted on 10 pain-free healthy subjects and 5 fresh cadavers. Needling insertion was performed using a 40 mm needle inserted midway between the spinous process of C2 and transverse process of C1. The needle was advanced from a posterior to anterior direction into the obliquus capitis inferior muscle with an inferior-lateral angle to reach the lamina of C2. For the cadaveric study, the obliquus capitis inferior placement was verified by resecting the superficial upper trapezius, splenius capitis, and semispinalis capitis muscles. For ultrasographic study, a linear transducer was aligned with the long axis of the obliquus capitis inferior muscle after needle insertion. RESULTS: Both the cadaveric and ultrasonic studies showed that the needle penetrated the obliquus capitis inferior muscle during its insertion and that the tip of the needle rested against C2 laminae, thereby reaching the targeted muscle. CONCLUSION: This anatomical and ultrasound imaging study supports the assertion that needling insertion of the obliquus capitis inferior muscle can be properly conducted by an experienced clinician.

Neuroprotective Effects of Diets Containing Olive Oil and DHA/EPA in a Mouse Model of Cerebral Ischemia.

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and while there is increasing evidence that a Mediterranean diet might decrease the risk of a stroke, the effects of dietary fat composition on stroke outcomes have not been fully explored. We hypothesize that the brain damage provoked by a stroke would be different depending on the source of dietary fat. To test this, male C57BL/6J mice were fed for 4 weeks with a standard low-fat diet (LFD), a high-fat diet (HFD) rich in saturated fatty acids (HFD-SFA), an HFD containing monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) from olive oil (HFD-OO), or an HFD containing MUFAs from olive oil plus polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) docosahexaenoic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid (DHA/EPA) (HFD-OO-ω3). These mice were then subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAo). Behavioural tests and histological analyses were performed 24 and/or 48 h after tMCAo in order to elucidate the impact of these diets with different fatty acid profiles on the ischemic lesion and on neurological functions. Mice fed with HFD-OO-ω3 displayed better histological outcomes after cerebral ischemia than mice that received an HFD-SFA or LFD. Furthermore, PUFA- and MUFA-enriched diets improved the motor function and neurological performance of ischemic mice relative to those fed with an LFD or HFD-SFA. These findings support the use of DHA/EPA-omega-3-fatty acid supplementation and olive oil as dietary source of MUFAs in order to reduce the damage and protect the brain when a stroke occurs.

Leptospirosis: Report from the task force on tropical diseases by the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine.

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by a gram negative aerobic spirochete of the genus Leptospira. It is acquired by contact with urine or reproductive fluids from infected animals, or by inoculation from contaminated water or soil. The disease has a global distribution, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions that have a humid, rainy climate and is also common in travelers returning from these regions. Clinical suspicion is critical for the diagnosis and it should be included in the differential diagnosis of any patient with a febrile hepatorenal syndrome in, or returning from endemic regions. The leptospiremic phase occurs early and thereafter there is an immunologic phase in which the most severe form, Weil's disease, occurs. In the latter, multiple organ dysfunction predominates. The appropriate diagnostic test depends on the stage of the disease and consists of direct and indirect detection methods and cultures. Severely ill patients need to be monitored in an ICU with appropriate anti-bacterial agents and early, aggressive and effective organ support. Antibiotic therapy consists of penicillins, macrolides or third generation cephalosporins.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy: An alternative treatment for radiation-induced cutaneous ulcers.

Radiotherapy is a widely recognised treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer. We report three cases of radiation-induced skin ulcers in which hyperbaric oxygen therapy was administered in 90-min sessions, 5 days a week at 2.4 absolute atmospheres in a multiplace hyperbaric chamber. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is an outpatient treatment that does not displace other classical treatments and may be used as an adjunct therapy.

Cuidados del personal de enfermería en la dimensión espiritual del paciente. Revisión sistemática / Cuidados equipe de enfermagem a dimensão espiritual do paciente. Revisão sistemática / Care nursing the spiritual dimension of the patient. Systematic review

Se precisa conocer la percepción de los profesionales de enfermería acerca de la atención emocional y espiritual prestada en el plan de cuidados del paciente. El objetivo fue conocer la atención espiritual que brindan las enfermeras y enfermeros en su trabajo diario durante el pro ceso de estancia hospitalaria de un paciente así como detectar posibles factores asociados que afloran al enfrentarse a la muerte. Material y Métodos. La unidad de análisis son los estudios originales primarios. Se hicieron búsquedas electrónicas (Cuiden, Scielo, Pubmed) y manuales de artículos relevantes recientemente publicados en revistas, bibliografías y listas de referencias de revisiones y documentos. Resultados y Conclusiones. Existen una serie de factores que dificultan la adecuada intervención del profesional de enfermería en situaciones concretas de no salud: principalmente cuando el paciente siente la necesidad imperiosa de obtener información sobre su estado de salud porque se encuentra ingresado en un centro hospitalario en situaciones terminales, así como también cuando le comunican de repente que tiene un grave trastorno orgánico en alguna estructura corporal y con algún grado de limitación que le impide una actividad física habitual de repente… como consecuencia de ello se enfrenta a emociones como la angustia, el miedo, la depresión, la rabia, la insatisfacción, etc que son emociones con alta carga emocional y espiritual (AU)

It is necessary to know the perception of nurses about the emotional attention given to patients at the spiritual dimension in patient care plan. The objective was to know the spiritual care offered by nurses in their daily work during a patient’s hospital stay and detect possible associated factors that hinder the facing death. Material and Methods. The unit of analysis has been the primary original studies, electronic searches (Cuiden, Scielo, Pubmed) and manuals relevant of articles published in journals, bibliographies and reference lists of reviews and papers were made. Results and Conclusions. There are a number of factors that hinder the proper intervention of nursing professionals in specific situations of non-health: especially when the patient feels the urgent need to obtain information on their health status because it is admitted in a hospital in terminal situation, as when you communicate suddenly having a serious organic disorder in some body structure with some degree of limitation prevents regular physical activity…. as a result he feels emotions like anxiety, fear, depression, anger, dissatisfaction, etc which are emotions with high emotional and spiritual burden (AU)

É necessário conhecer a percepção dos enfermeiros sobre o cuidado emocional e espiritual previsto no plano de cuidados do paciente. O objetivo foi conhecer a assistência espiritual oferecida por enfermeiros no seu trabalho diário durante a internação do paciente e detectar possíveis fatores associados que surgem quando enfrentar a morte. Material e Métodos. A unidade de análise é os estudos originais primários. buscas eletrônicas (CUIDEN, SciELO, PubMed) e manuais de artigos relevantes publicados recentemente em revistas, bibliografias e listas de referência de comentários e papéis foram feitas. Resultados e conclusões. Há uma série de fatores que dificultam a intervenção adequada dos profissionais de enfermagem em situações específicas de não-saúde: especialmente quando o paciente sente-se a necessidade urgente de obter informações sobre o seu estado de saúde, porque é admitido em um hospital em situações terminais, como quando você se comunica de repente tem uma doença orgânica grave em alguma estrutura do corpo com algum grau de limitação impede que a atividade física regular, de repente ... como resultado enfrenta emoções, como ansiedade, medo, depressão , raiva, insatisfação, etc, que são emoções com alta carga emocional e espiritual (AU)

Cadaveric and Ultrasonographic Validation of Needling Placement in the Cervical Multifidus Muscle.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine if a needle is able to reach the cervical multifidus during the application of dry needling or acupuncture. METHODS: Dry needling and ultrasound imaging of cervical multifidi was conducted on 5 patients (age: 32 ± 5 years) with mechanical neck pain and on 2 fresh cadavers (age: 64 ± 1 years). Dry needling was done using a needle of 40 mm in length inserted perpendicular to the skin about 1 cm lateral to the spinous process at C3-C4. The needle was advanced from a posterior to anterior direction into the cervical multifidus with a slight inferior-medial angle (approximately 10°) to reach the vertebra lamina. For the cadaveric study, the multifidus was isolated by carefully resecting the superficial posterior cervical muscles: trapezius, splenius, and semispinalis. For the ultrasonographic study, a convex transducer was placed transversely over C3-C4 after the insertion of the needle into the muscle. RESULTS: The results of both the cadaveric and ultrasonic studies found that the needle does pierce the cervical multifidus muscle during insertion and that the tip of the needle rests properly against the vertebral laminae, thereby guarding the sensitive underlying spinal structures from damage. CONCLUSION: This anatomical and ultrasound imaging study supports that dry needling of the cervical multifidus could be conducted clinically.

[Effectiveness of commercial repellents against Aedes aegypti (L.) in Yucatan, México]. / Efectividad de repelentes comerciales disponibles contra el mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.) en Yucatán, México.

OBJECTIVE: We assessed the efficacy of commercial repellents available in Yucatan against Aedes aegypti, vector of dengue, Chikungunya and Zika. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Protection time was determined based on WHO/CTD/ WHOPES/IC y la NOM-032-SSA2-20I4. RESULTS: Products with DEET (N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) at 25% met the recommended protection. Efficacy was directly proportional to the concentration of DEET; botanicals repellents resulted no protective. CONCLUSIONS: Repellents with DEET provided more protection against Ae. aegypti and botanical repellents, including impregnated wristbands, provided no protection.

Efectividad de repelentes comerciales disponibles contra el mosquito Aedes aegypti (L ) en Yucatán, México / Effectiveness of commercial repellents against Aedes aegypti (L ) in Yucatan, México

Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia de repelentes comerciales disponibles en Yucatán contra el mosquito Aedes aegypti, vector del dengue, Chikungunya y Zika. Material y métodos: Se determinó el tiempo de protección con base en el protocolo WHO/CTD/WHOPES/IC y la NOM-032-SSA2-2014. Resultados: Sólo el repelente con DEET (N, N-dietil-3-metilbenzamida) al 25% cumplió con la protección recomendada. La eficacia fue directamente proporcional a la concentración del DEET; aquéllos con componentes botánicos fueron poco o nada protectores. Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran que los repelentes con DEET proveen protección contra Ae. Aegypti; los repelentes botánicos, incluyendo las pulseras impregnadas, ofrecen nula protección.

Abstract: Objective: We assessed the efficacy of commercial repellents available in Yucatan against Aedes aegypti, vector of dengue, Chikungunya and Zika. Materials and methods: Protection time was determined based on WHO/CTD/ WHOPES/IC y la NOM-032-SSA2-20I4. Results: Products with DEET (N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) at 25% met the recommended protection. Efficacy was directly proportional to the concentration of DEET; botanicals repellents resulted no protective. Conclusions: Repellents with DEET provided more protection against Ae. aegypti and botanical repellents, including impregnated wristbands, provided no protection.

Prevalencia y características del consumo de nutracéuticos en estudiantes universitarios de pregrado, Medellín-Colombia, 2013

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia y características del consumo de nutracéuticos en estudiantes de pregrado de una Universidad privada de la ciudad de Medellín (Colombia). Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. La población estuvo constituida por estudiantes matriculados en pregrado durante 2013 y se realizó un muestreo aleatorio simple. Para el análisis se empleó el programa SPSS Vr 17, se estimaron proporciones de consumo de nutracéuticos por sexo y grupo de edad; para las variables de tipo nominal y ordinal se estimaron porcentajes, y para las de razón, la media y la desviación estándar. A las proporciones de prevalencia de consumo se les calcularon los intervalos de confianza del 95%. La significancia estadística se apreció con el valor de probabilidad de la prueba de c2. Resultados: Participaron 427 estudiantes, con una edad promedio de 20.8 años (DE: 3.1), el 56.1% fueron mujeres. La prevalencia de vida de consumo de nutracéuticos fue de 66.3% y la anual de 51.8%. Los principales motivos para su consumo fueron complementar alimentación (32.8%) y prevenir enfermedades (20.1%). Conclusión: La alta prevalencia de consumo de nutracéuticos observada en el estudio, es comparable con lo reportado en la literatura en poblaciones similares, lo cual sugiere una tendencia al alza en el hábito de consumo de suplementos dietarios.

Objective: Determine the prevalence and characteristics of nutraceutical consumption in undergraduate students at a private university in Medellín, Colombia. Materials: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. The population constituted of undergraduate students enrolled during the 2013 academic year and a simple random sampling was performed. SPSS program version 17 was used to analyze the data. Nutraceutical consumption ratios were estimated by sex and age group. Percentages were estimated for nominal and ordinal variables, and for the reason type variables the media and standard deviation were estimated. Confidence intervals of 95% were calculated for the proportions of prevalence consumption. Statistical significance was evaluated with the probability value c2 test. Results: 427 students participated, the average age was 20.8 years (SD: 3.1), 56.1% were women. The prevalence of lifetime consumption of nutraceuticals was 66.3% and 51.8% were consumed annually. The main reasons for consumption were food complement (32.8%) and disease prevention (20.1%). Conclusion: The high prevalence of nutraceutical intake observed in the study is comparable to studies performed with similar populations reported in the literature, suggesting an upward trend in the habit of consuming dietary supplements.

Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência e as características do consumo de nutracéuticos por estudantes de graduação da Universidade privada de Medellín (Colômbia). Materiais: Estudo descritivo de corte transversal. A população foi formada por estudantes de graduação em 2013, com amostragem aleatória simples. Para a análise empregou-se o programa SPSS Vr 17, e se estimaram proporções de consumo de nutracéuticos por sexo e grupos etários; para as variáveis de tipo nominal e ordinal se estimaram percentuais e, para as de razão a, media e o desvio padrão. Às proporções de prevalência de consumo se lhes calcularam os intervalos de confiança de 95%. A significância estatística se considerou com o valor de probabilidade da prova de c2. Resultados: Participaram 427 estudantes, com idade média de 20.8 anos (DE: 3.1), e 56.1% foram mulheres. A prevalência de vida de consumo de nutracéuticos foi de 66.3% e a anual de 51.8%. Os principais motivos para seu consumo foram complementação alimentar (32.8%) e prevenção de enfermidades (20.1%). Conclusão: A alta prevalência de consumo de nutracéuticos observada no estudo é comparável ao reportado na literatura em populações similares, o que sugere uma tendência de alta no hábito de consumo de suplementos dietéticos.

Factores nutricionales en la prevención de la osteoporosis / Nutritional factors in preventing osteoporosis

La osteoporosis, principal factor de riesgo para sufrir fracturas por fragilidad, es un problema importante de salud pública que tiene repercusiones sociales, sanitarias y económicas indudables; pero sobre todo provoca dolor, limitación funcional y alteración severa en la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Su prevalencia actual es muy elevada y se espera un incremento futuro por el aumento en la esperanza de vida y el envejecimiento progresivo de la población. En la prevención de la osteoporosis, el principal objetivo es evitar las fracturas por fragilidad; para ello es necesario: 1) favorecer la formación de hueso en la juventud, hasta conseguir un pico suficiente de masa ósea, 2) disminuir la pérdida de hueso en la edad adulta, sobre todo después de la menopausia, 3) mantener la salud ósea durante el resto de la vida, y 4) evitar las caídas. Existen suficientes evidencias de que las estrategias multifactoriales (evaluación de factores de riesgo, hábitos de vida saludables, abandono del tabaco, moderación en el consumo de alcohol, ejercicio físico adecuado al paciente, actividad al aire libre con exposición prudente a la luz solar, así como una dieta variada y equilibrada), son efectivas en la población de riesgo. En cuanto a los factores nutricionales para la prevención de la osteoporosis, las recomendaciones actuales son: aumento del consumo de calcio, fósforo, magnesio y flúor; aporte adecuado de vitamina D (incluso con alimentos enriquecidos, en caso necesario); consumo de alimentos ricos en ácidos omega-3; disminución de sal y alimentos preparados; ingesta suficiente pero moderada de proteínas y, en ausencia de intolerancia, potenciar el consumo de leche y sus derivados, sobre todo yogur y productos lácteos fermentados (AU)

Osteoporosis, main risk factor for suffering fragility fractures, is an important public health problem which has undoubted social, health and economic impact; but mainly causes pain, functional limitation and severe alterations in the patient’s quality of life. Its current prevalence is very high and a further increase is expected due to a higher life expectancy and the progressive ageing of the population. In the prevention of osteoporosis, the main goal is to prevent fragility fractures; for this reason, it is necessary to: 1) promote bone formation in youth, to get sufficient bone mass peak, 2) reduce bone loss in adulthood, especially after menopause, 3) maintain bone health throughout life, and 4) prevent falls. There is enough evidence that multifactorial strategies (assessment of risk factors, healthy lifestyle habits, smoking cessation, moderation in alcohol consumption, physical exercise, outdoor activity with prudent exposure to sunlight, and a varied and balanced diet), are effective in the population at risk. Regarding factors for the prevention of osteoporosis, current recommendations are: increased consumption of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and fluoride; provide adequate vitamin D (even with fortified food if necessary); consumption of foods rich in omega-3 acids; reduction of salt and prepared ready meals; sufficient but moderate intake of protein and, in the absence of intolerance, promote the consumption of milk and dairy products, especially yogurt and fermented milk products (AU)

Proposal of a Nutritional Quality Index (NQI) to Evaluate the Nutritional Supplementation of Sportspeople.

BACKGROUND: Numerous supplements are used by sportspeople. They are not always appropriate for the individual or the sports activity and may do more harm than good. Vitamin and mineral supplements are unnecessary if the energy intake is sufficient to maintain body weight and derives from a diet with an adequate variety of foods. The study objectives were to evaluate the main nutrients used as supplements in sports and to propose a nutritional quality index (NQI) that enables sportspeople to optimize their use of supplements and detect and remedy possible nutritional deficits. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A nutritional study was performed in 485 sportspeople recruited from Centros Andaluces de Medicina del Deporte, (CAMD). All completed socio-demographic, food frequency, and lifestyle questionnaires. The nutritional quality of their diet and need for supplementation were evaluated by scoring their dietary intake with and without supplementation, yielding two NQI scores (scales of 0-21 points) for each participant. RESULTS: A superior mean NQI score was obtained when the supplements taken by participants were not included (16. 28 (SD of 3.52)) than when they were included (15.47 (SD: 3.08)), attributable to an excessive intake of some nutrients through supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that sportspeople with a varied and balanced diet do not need supplements, which appear to offer no performance benefits and may pose a health risk.