Fructus Xanthii and Magnolia liliiflora Volatile Oils Liposomes-Loaded Thermosensitive in situ Gel for Allergic Rhinitis Management.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to fabricate a Fructus Xanthii and Magnolia liliiflora volatile oils liposomes-loaded thermosensitive in situ gel (gel/LIP/volatile oil) for effectively treating allergic rhinitis via intranasal administration. Patients and Methods: Particle size, polymer dispersity index (PDI), entrapment effectiveness, and cumulative drug permeation of the developed liposomes were assessed. Then, a thermoreversible in situ gel was created using the liposomes loaded with volatile oils of Fructus Xanthii and Magnolia liliiflora. The effectiveness of this treatment for allergic rhinitis was confirmed by evaluating nasal symptoms, and hematological results, after injecting the formulation into the ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice, we conducted hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) and immunohistochemistry to evaluate the outcomes. The effects of the gel/LIP/volatile oil formulation for nasal delivery of volatile oil in the treatment of rhinitis were then assessed. Results: The average particle size was 95.1 ± 3.6 nm, and the encapsulation efficiencies of Fructus Xanthii and Magnolia liliiflora volatile oils were 70.42 ± 5.41% and 67.10 ± 6.08%, respectively. Drug loadings of Fructus Xanthii and Magnolia liliiflora volatile oils were 9.10 ± 0.98% and 16.10 ± 1.03%, respectively. The binary formulation produced a gel rapidly in the nasal cavity with a strong mucosal adherence at a temperature of delivering volatile oil to the nasal mucosa steadily and continuously. After nasal administration, the gel/LIP/volatile oil sustained the volatile oil delivery into the mucosa. In comparison to the monolithic formulations, the gel/LIP/volatile oil binary formulation exhibited superior performance in terms of drug delivery capability and pharmacodynamic effects. Conclusion: This binary preparation displayed the ability to deliver drugs to the nasal mucosa and exhibited positive pharmacodynamic effects in treating OVA-induced rhinitis in mice. As a result, it has the potential to serve as a delivery platform for Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.

Anaphylaxis effect and substance basis of honeysuckle extract.

Objective: To explore the anaphylaxis effect and anaphylaxis substances of honeysuckle. Methods: Rat peritoneal mast cells (PMC) were separated and purified, the cells were incubated with compound 48/80 (0.02 g/L), physiological saline and honeysuckle extract (120 g/L) at 37 °C for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min. Degranulation were observed by optical microscope and transmission electron microscope. Annexin V positive cell rate was detected by flow cytometry to reflect the degranulation rate of PMC. SD rats were supplied with honeysuckle extract by intravenous injection at a dose of 2.25 g/L. After administration, different parameters were analyzed, including the symptoms, histamine (HIS) and tryptase (MCT) levels, which were determined to explore the effect of anaphylaxis. Regression analysis was used to calculate the relationships between the peaks and the pharmacological effects to explore potentially anaphylactoid components. Results: The percentage of Annxin V positive cells and the degranulation ratio were markedly elevated in PMC treated with honeysuckle extract for more than 15 min (P < 0.05). HIS and MCT level were significantly elevated after injection of honeysuckle extract for more than 15 min. Morphology of PMC and systemic symptoms were also changed compared with the controlled group (P < 0.05). Regression analysis was used to calculate the relationship between peaks and pharmacological effects, and to determine peaks 7, 10 and 13 as possible anaphylactoid ingredients. Conclusion: This study established a prospective method to clarify the anaphylactoid components of honeysuckle extract, which would provide guidance for screening anaphylactoid components in traditional Chinese medicine injections containing honeysuckle in the prescription.

Screening anaphylactoid components of Shuang Huang Lian Injection by analyzing spectrum-effect relationships coupled with UPLC-TOF-MS.

Shuang Huang Lian Injection (SHLI) has been used in China for over 30 years as an effective and widely used Chinese herbal prescription to treat acute respiratory infectious. SHLI has, however, caused many severe anaphylactoid reactions. It is important to identify the potential anaphylactoid components of SHLI. Spectrum-effect relationships were used to explore potentially anaphylactoid components. Based on the original herbal formula, honeysuckle, Fructus Forsythiae and Radix Scutellariae extracts were prepared and combined in appropriate proportions. The preparations were then injected into the caudal vein of rats to obtain in vivo serum samples for pharmacological evaluation and fingerprint analysis. The release rate of ß-hexosaminidase from RBL-2H3 cells and plasma histamine level was used as the pharmacological index. Chromatographic fingerprint analysis identified 22 common peaks. Regression analysis and correlation analysis were used to calculate the relationships between the peaks and the pharmacological effects and identified peaks 5, 6, 11, 12 and 17 as likely anaphylactoid agents. The correlated peaks were identified by comparing the fingerprints with in vitro samples and reference standard samples and the structure was identified by UPLC-TOF-MS. This study established a prospective method to clarify the anaphylactoid components in SHLI, which would provide guidances for screening anaphylactoid components in other traditional Chinese medicine injections.