Role of NF-κB Signaling Pathway in "Reflux Esophagitis-esophageal Cancer" and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention：A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Reflux esophagitis is an inflammatory disease of esophageal mucosa damage caused by the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus. Its incidence is on the rise， and it has become an important precancerous disease of esophageal cancer. Studies have shown that the continuous inflammatory response stimulates the esophageal mucosa， causing abnormal proliferation of esophageal epithelial cells and damage to esophageal mucosal tissue， which eventually leads to the occurrence of heterogeneous hyperplasia and even carcinogenesis. The nuclear transcription factor-kappa B （NF-κB） signaling pathway is one of the most classical inflammatory and cancer signaling pathways. It has been found that abnormal activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway is crucial to the development and prognosis of reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer. It is widely involved in the proliferation， autophagy， apoptosis， and inflammatory response of esophageal epithelial cells and tumor cells， accelerating the transformation of reflux esophagitis to esophageal cancer and making it a potential target for the treatment of reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer. Currently， there is no specific treatment for reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer， and large side effects often appear. Therefore， finding a promising and safe drug remains a top priority. In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine scholars have conducted a lot of research on NF-κB signaling pathway， and the results indicate that NF-κB signaling pathway is an important potential target for traditional Chinese medicine to prevent and treat reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer， but there is a lack of comprehensive and systematic elaboration. Therefore， this paper summarized the relevant studies in recent years， analyzed the relationship among NF-κB signaling pathway， reflux esophagitis， esophageal cancer， and transformation from inflammation to cancer， and reviewed the research literature on the regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in traditional Chinese medicine to prevent and treat reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer， so as to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer.

Impact of long-term fertilization on phosphorus fractions and manganese oxide with their interactions in paddy soil aggregates.

One under-studied microelement, manganese (Mn), due to its potential to considerably interact, and limit labile, and moderately-labile soil phosphorus (P) pools, was studied in Nanchang (NC), and Qiyang (QY) under paddy conditions. The Hedley's P sequential fractionation procedure was utilized to extract, and quantify various P fractions at both surface (0-20 cm) and subsurface (20-40 cm) layers. Unfertilized control (CK), nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK), and NPK amended with animal manure (NPKM) were used as treatments. From both sites, the manure amended fertilizer (NPKM) compared to chemical NPK formed higher proportions of macro-aggregates (>2 and 2-0.25 mm) in both layers. Total P (TP) values of 842.1 (>2 mm), and 744.4 mg kg-1 (2-0.25 mm) from NC, and QY, respectively were accumulated by NPKM compared to NPK, and CK. Total P values of 806.4, and 350.4 mg kg-1 in the >2 mm aggregate size, respectively for NC, and QY were observed in the subsurface layer. Inorganic moderately labile P (NaOH-Pi) was the dominant fraction under all fertilizer treatments. Concentrations of 232.3 (<0.053 mm), and 202.1 mg kg-1 (0.25-0.053 mm) of NaOH-Pi were accumulated by NPKM, respectively for NC, and QY in the surface layer. In the subsurface layer, concentrations of NaOH-Pi (217.5 mg kg-1; <0.053 mm) from NC, and residual-P (57.3 mg kg-1; >2 mm) from QY were accumulated by NPKM. Similarly, NPKM in contrast to NPK contributed higher Mehlich-3 manganese (M3-Mn) oxide in all aggregate sizes from both sites. Generally, macro-aggregates contributed higher TP, fractions of P, and M3-Mn oxide than micro-aggregates. There was a positive relationship between P pools and M3-Mn oxide at both sites. Additions of animal manure were associated with increased P fractions, and Mn oxides in the paddy soil aggregates, which raises environmental concern.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention in Colorectal Cancer Based on NF-κB Signaling Pathway： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Colorectal cancer （CRC） is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide， with increasing incidence and mortality rates. The disease often develops covertly and lacks specific symptoms in its early stages， leading to late-stage diagnoses in most patients. It has become a prominent research topic in the field of digestive system tumors. The exact mechanisms underlying CRC are not yet clear and involve factors such as genetics， gene mutations， inflammatory responses， and aberrant activation of tumor-related signaling pathways. Nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） is a crucial transcription factor that participates in various biological processes， including inflammatory responses， immune responses， cell proliferation， and apoptosis. Research suggests that NF-κB， serving as a molecular link between inflammation and cancer， is highly expressed in CRC. It promotes the occurrence and development of CRC by regulating the activity of target genes such as cell pro-inflammatory factors， chemokines， angiogenic factors， metastasis factors， and anti-apoptotic proteins. Currently， common treatments for CRC include surgery， radiation therapy， and chemotherapy drugs like 5-fluorouracil. However， these treatments have limitations such as significant adverse reactions， high metastasis rates， and the development of drug resistance. Therefore， the search for effective， low-adverse-reaction drugs to replace or supplement current treatments is essential. In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has shown some effectiveness in preventing and treating CRC. TCM has been found to inhibit the growth of CRC cells by modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway， playing a positive role in the occurrence and progression of CRC. Based on the asthenia in origin and sthenia in superficiality and deficiency-excess in complexity in CRC， this article summarized and analyzed the mechanisms and effects of TCM interventions targeting the NF-κB signaling pathway in CRC， and reviewed advances of 10 Chinese medicinal compound formulas and 37 Chinese medicinal monomer components of different types， including flavonoids， phenols， alkaloids， glycosides， and terpenoids with the effects of dispelling pathogenic factors， reinforcing healthy qi， and removing toxins in the prevention and treatment of CRC by targeting the NF-κB pathway. It is found that Chinese medicine can inhibit CRC cell proliferation， invasion， metastasis， angiogenesis， and inflammation by modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway， induce cell apoptosis， restore drug and radiation sensitivity， and counteract CRC. This article is expected to provide insights and references for the in-depth exploration and treatment of CRC mechanisms.

Study progress on traditional Chinese medicine monomer intervening in pancreatic cancer by regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway / 中国药房

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most destructive malignant tumors； the pathogenesis of this disease is complex and is closely related to genetic susceptibility， chronic pancreatitis， and gene mutations in signaling pathways. The phosphoinositide 3- kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway is a classical cancer signaling pathway that is aberrantly activated in pancreatic cancer cells. In recent years， it has been found that traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） monomers show special activity in the treatment of pancreatic cancer and can be potential drug for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Based on PI3K/Akt signaling pathway， this paper summarizes the mechanism of TCM monomer intervening in pancreatic cancer and finds that TCM monomer of alkaloids （sinomenine， dictamnine， dauricine， etc.）， terpenoids （saikosaponin A， linderalactone， isoalantolactone， etc.）， phenols （6-gingerol， curcumin， pterostilbene， etc.）， flavonoids （fisetin， kaempferol， quercetin， etc.） and quinones （β-hydroxyisovaleryl shikonin， rhein， lucidone， etc.） can inhibit the proliferation， invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells， regulate autophagy and apoptosis， and then inhibit the pathological process of pancreatic cancer by inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Imaging study on safety of deep needling at Dachangshu (BL 25) / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#Based on magnetic resonance imaging technology, the dangerous depth of straight needling and the safety of deep needling at Dachangshu (BL 25) are discussed, and data support is provided for standardizing deep needling at Dachangshu (BL 25).@*METHODS@#The horizontal cross-sectional images of 148 healthy adult subjects under the spinous process of the 4th lumbar vertebra were collected by magnetic resonance instrument, the anatomical structure was analyzed, and the dangerous depth of straight needling at Dachangshu (BL 25) was measured.@*RESULTS@#The dangerous depth of straight needling at Dachangshu (BL 25) was (11.2±1.3) cm and (11.0±1.2) cm on the left and right sides of males, and (9.8±1.3) cm and (9.7±1.3) cm on the left and right sides of females. There was a positive correlation between the dangerous depth of straight needling at Dachangshu (BL 25) and body mass index (BMI). In the case of similar body size, the dangerous depth of straight needling at Dachangshu(BL 25) in males was greater than that in females (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#At present, the deep needling at Dachangshu (BL 25) used in clinic is safe. In clinical application of the deep needling at Dachangshu (BL 25), the depth of needle insertion can be determined according to body size and gender.

Discussion on Pathogenesis of Major Depressive Disorder from Correlation of "Brain-Heart-Triple Energizer" / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Major depressive disorder （MDD） is an affective disorder characterized by significant and long-lasting depression， hypoactivity， and thinking and cognitive retardation. Some patients may conduct self-hram or suicide and have delusion， hallucination， and other mental symptoms. MDD is believed to be correlated with brain and heart， but there is no complete theory or mechanism fully explaining the pathogenesis of MDD. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） holds that the brain and heart dominate the formation of and change in mind， and MDD falls into the category of mental disease. It is mainly diagnosed as depression， visceral agitation， or Lily disease. Triple energizer is a key zang-fu organ that governs Qi transformation. There has always been some controversy about its anatomical structure. In recent years， important progress has been made in the research on the substantive structure of triple energizer. It is found that the structure and function of triple energizer are highly consistent to those of "mesenchyme"， a fluid space supported by a complex network of collagen fibers and widely distributed throughout the body. Different from known tissues and organs， it is a large organ responsible for information communication， material exchange， and energy metabolism. The triple energizer is partially contained in the structure of brain and heart and connects with the brain and heart， thus forming a "brain-heart-triple energizer" system with close physiological and pathological connections. With the association of "brain-heart-triple energizer" as the basis and Qi transformation as the core link， this paper elucidated the pathogenesis of MD and put forward that MDD resulted from "brain and heart Yang deficiency and Qi depression due to triple energizer obstruction"， so as to improve TCM understanding of the pathogenesis of MDD and perfect the TCM theories of encephalopathy and triple energizer.

Impacts of long-term inorganic and organic fertilization on phosphorus adsorption and desorption characteristics in red paddies in southern China.

Soil phosphorus (P) adsorption and desorption occur in an important endogenous cycle linked with soil fertility problems and relevant to the environmental risk assessment of P. In our study, the effect of long-term inorganic and organic fertilization on P adsorption and desorption characteristics in relation to changes in soil properties was evaluated by selecting three long-term experimental sites in southern China. The selected treatments at each site were CK (unfertilized), NPK (synthetic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) and NPKM (synthetic NPK plus manure). The adsorption and desorption characteristics of P were evaluated using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The results showed that long-term application of NPK plus manure significantly increased soil organic carbon (SOC), total P and available P at all three sites compared with the NPK and CK treatments. All three treatments fit these equations well. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) of P increased with NPKM treatment, and the binding energy of P (K) and the maximum buffering capacity (MBC) showed increasing trends. NPKM showed the highest Qm (2346.13 mg kg-1) at the Jinxian site, followed by Nanchang (221.16 mg kg-1) and Ningxiang (2219.36 mg kg-1). Compared to CK and NPK, the NPKM treatment showed a higher MBC as 66.64, 46.93 and 44.39 L kg-1 at all three sites. The maximum desorption capacity (Dm) of P in soil was highest with the NPKM treatment (157.58, 166.76, 143.13 mg kg-1), showing a better ability to release P in soil. The correlation matrix showed a significant positive correlation of SOC, total and available P with Qm, Dm and MBC. In conclusion, it is suggested that manure addition is crucial to improve P utilization in red paddy soils within the recommended range to avoid the risk of environmental pollution.

Current situation of undergraduate education of rehabilitation therapeutics in colleges and universities in China / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Rehabilitation therapeutics has become a popular specialty in colleges and universities in China. At present, 160 colleges and universities have set up rehabilitation therapeutics specialty, of which 73.75% are public colleges and 26.25% are private colleges (including independent colleges). The types of those colleges and universities are mainly concentrated on western medicine colleges (40.6%), traditional Chinese medicine colleges (18.1%) and comprehensive colleges (31.3%), with an imbalance in regional distribution between the east and west of China. Some problems are becoming prominent with the increase of the number of these colleges and universities, such as differences in discipline cultivation modes, compositions of colleges and universities, teaching quality, profession/industrial standards and distribution of rehabilitation education resources. In order to promote the healthy development of undergraduate education of rehabilitation therapeutics in colleges and universities in China, we should define the connotation and extension of rehabilitation therapeutics, establish the professional training mode of rehabilitation therapeutics with Chinese characteristics, classify the professional training objectives, strengthen the construction of teachers, formulate professional standards of rehabilitation therapeutics, and improve the uneven distribution of rehabilitation education resources.

Effect of berberine on LPS-induced expression of NF-κB/MAPK signalling pathway and related inflammatory cytokines in porcine intestinal epithelial cells.

Berberine is an alkaloid extracted from medicinal plants such as Coptis chinensis and Phellodendron chinense. It possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour and anti-oxidation properties, and regulates Glc and lipid metabolism. This study explored the mechanisms of the protective effects of berberine on barrier function and inflammatory damage in porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) induced by LPS. We first evaluated the effects of berberine and LPS on cell viability. IPEC-J2 cells were treated with 5 µg/ml LPS for 1 h to establish an inflammatory model, and 75, 150 and 250 µg/ml berberine were used in further experiments. The expression of IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α was measured by RT-PCR. The key proteins of the NF-κB/MAPK signalling pathway (IκBα, p-IκBα, p65, p-p65, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p-JNK, p38, p-p38, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2) were detected by Western blot. Upon exposure to LPS, IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA levels and p-IκBα p-p65 protein levels were significantly enhanced. Pre-treatment with berberine reduced the expression of inflammatory factors and was positively correlated with its concentration, and dose dependently inhibited the expression of IκBα, p-IκBα, p-p65, p-p38 and JNK. These results demonstrated that pre-treating intestinal epithelial cells with berberine was useful in preventing and treating diarrhoea induced by Escherichia coli in weaned pigs.

Green Tea Consumption and Esophageal Cancer Risk: A Meta-analysis.

Background: The protective role of green tea against cancer is still unknown.Objectives: To investigate the association between green tea consumption and esophageal cancer risk through meta-analysis.Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library for studies on the relationship between green tea and esophageal cancer risk. We assessed heterogeneity (I2) and publication bias (Begg's and Egger's tests). Pooled relative risks (RRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random effects models.Results: A total of 20 studies were included. The RRs for all studies was 0.65 (95% CI: 0.57-0.73), with I2 = 75.3% and P = 0. In the subgroup analysis, the following variables showed marked heterogeneity: Asian (RR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.56-0.73) and non-Asian countries (RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.45-1.03), female (RR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.39-0.71) and male + female (RR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.54-0.75), case-control study (RR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.52-0.71), impact factor >3 (RR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.56-0.75), impact factor <3 (RR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.48-0.80), Newcastle-Ottawa Scale >7 (RR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.66-0.97) and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale ≤7 (RR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.49-0.68).Conclusion: Green tea consumption could be a protective factor for esophageal cancer.

Efficacy of elbasvir/grazoprevir in treatment of genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C: A real-world study / 临床肝胆病杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of elbasvir/grazoprevir in patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C in the real world. MethodsA total of 35 patients with hepatitis C who received elbasvir/grazoprevir treatment in Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Guangdong General Hospital from August 2018 to March 2019 were enrolled, treated for 12 weeks, and then followed up for 12 weeks after drug withdrawal. The patients were observed in terms of sustained virologic response at week 12 after drug withdrawal (SVR12), biochemical response, and incidence rate of adverse events during treatment and follow-up. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for further comparison between two groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. A logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors for virologic response in patients with hepatitis C. ResultsAmong the 35 patients with HCV infection, 97.1% (34/35) had genotype 1b HCV and 2.9% (1/35) had genotype 1a HCV; of all patients, 28 (80%) were non-cirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis C and 7 (20%) had compensated liver cirrhosis. At the end of treatment, the virologic response rate of 100% (28/28) and SVR12 was 94.74% (18/19). In addition, age, sex, baseline HCV RNA load, previous treatment history, presence or absence of liver cirrhosis, renal function, and presence or absence of other diseases did not affect the treatment outcome (all P＞0.05). There were significant changes in the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and albumin from baseline to the end of 12-week treatment (Z=-7.131, -6.797, -3.060, and -2.875, all P＜0.05). No patient experienced drug withdrawal during treatment. ConclusionThis study confirms that elbasvir/grazoprevir has good efficacy and safety in the treatment of hepatitis C in domestic real-world studies.

Analysis of classical prescription Jinshui Liujun Jian based on ancient literature / 中国中药杂志

To provide the ancient literary evidence support for the clinical application and development of classical prescription based on systematical collection and analysis of the ancient Chinese medical literature containing Jinshui Liujun Jian, including its origin and development. Bibliometric analysis was used and information of Jinshui Liujun Jian in ancient Chinese medical literature was then collected for statistical analysis of formula compositions, main indications, dosage, preparation methods, etc. A total of 151 valid items of data were obtained from 48 ancient Chinese medicine books. Jinshui Liujun Jian was first recorded in Jingyue Quanshu written by ZHANG Jiebin. This prescription consisted of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Pinelliae Rhizome, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Poria and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome Praeparata cum Melle, and it was mainly used to treat the deficiency of lung and kidney, edema and excess production of phlegm, or Yin deficiency in the old, insufficient blood-qi, wind-cold evil, cough and disgusting, asthma and excessive phlegm. Doctors in later dynasties mostly followed the prescription compositions, dosages and indications in Jingyue Quanshu, and extended the clinical application of this prescription.

Variation of QRS morphology of premature ventricular contractions originate from the left-ventricular outflow tract during ablation.

Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias originating from the aortic sinus of Valsalva often show preferential conduction to the right-ventricular outflow tract, which may render radiofrequency ablation more difficult. We describe a patient with symptomatic premature ventricular contractions of left-ventricular outflow tract origin presenting with a variation of QRS morphology during ablation. The correlation between the characteristics of local voltage potentials and the real origin site of the ventricular arrhythmia is discussed.

Soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry drives phosphorus lability in paddy soil under long-term fertilization: A fractionation and path analysis study.

Soil C:N:P stoichiometry plays a vital role in nutrient cycling in ecosystems, but its importance to P transformation in paddy soil remains unclear. We investigated the effect of soil C:N:P stoichiometry on P mobility and uptake under long-term fertilization. Three treatments, CK (no fertilization), NPK (inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization) and NPKM (combined inorganic NPK fertilizer and manure application), were selected from two long-term experiments of paddy soil that were initiated in 1991 and 1982 in Chongqing and Suining, respectively. The results showed that in comparison the control treatment, under long-term fertilization, soil pH decreased. In comparison with the NPK and CK treatments, the NPKM treatment significantly increased soil nutrient contents, P uptake and phosphatase activities. In comparison to the CK treatment, the NPK and NPKM treatments significantly decreased soil C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. In comparison to NPK and CK treatments, the NPKM treatment decreased residual-P at both sites. Compared with CK treatment, the NPKM treatments increased labile-P and moderately labile-P by 987% and 144%, respectively, and NPK treatment increased these factors by 823% and 125%, respectively, at the Chongqing site. At the Suining site, with NPKM treatment, increases in labile-P and moderately labile-P were 706% and 73%, respectively, and with NPK treatment, the increases were 529% and 47%, respectively. In contrast, non-labile-P was significantly decreased with NPKM treatment in comparison to that with NPK and CK treatments. Moreover, increases in soil C:N and C:P ratios decreased the labile-P pools and increased non-labile-P pools. A path analysis indicated that soil C:N:P stoichiometry indirectly controlled P uptake by directly affecting P transformation from non-labile to labile-P pools. Moreover, the non-labile-P in soil with high SOM and P content directly affected P uptake, indicating that soil P transformation is mainly driven by soil C and P in paddy soil. In conclusion, understanding mechanism of P mobility influenced by soil C:N:P stoichiometry could be helpful to manage soil P fertility under long-term fertilization in paddy soils of these regions.

Changes in phosphorus fractions associated with soil chemical properties under long-term organic and inorganic fertilization in paddy soils of southern China.

The identification of phosphorus (P) fractions is essential for understanding the transformation and availability of P in paddy soils. To investigate the soil P fractions associated with soil properties under long-term fertilization, we selected three fertilization treatments, including no fertilization (CK), chemical fertilizers (NPK) and chemical fertilizers combined with manure (NPKM), from three long-term experiments located in Nanchang (NC), Jinxian (JX) and Ningxiang (NX). The results showed that chemical fertilizers combined with manure (NPKM) significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased the soil total phosphorus, Olsen P and soil organic matter (SOM) by 2, 3 and 1 times, respectively, compared with the NPK treatment, and by 4, 17 and 2 times, respectively, compared with the CK treatment. NPKM significantly increased the grain yield compared with CK and NPK at all sites. The apparent P balance with NPK was higher in NC and NX but lower in JX compared with NPKM. Hedley fractionation revealed the predominance of most of the organic and inorganic phosphorus (Po and Pi) fractions with long-term fertilization, especially with the NPKM treatment, at all sites. The nonlabile P pool decreased by 14% and 18% whereas the moderately labile P pool proportions increased by 3 and 6 times with the NPK and NPKM treatments, respectively, compared to the CK treatment. The labile P pool showed a significant positive relationship with the SOM, total P and Olsen P contents. The moderately labile P was positively correlated with the total P and Olsen P. A significant positive correlation was observed between soil pH and the nonlabile P pool. Redundancy analysis revealed that the moderately labile P fraction (HCl dil. Pi fraction) was remarkably increased by the NPKM treatment and significantly correlated with the soil pH and total P concentration. The labile P fraction (NaHCO3-Pi) showed a strong relationship with the Olsen P and total P. However, the residual P fraction was negatively correlated with the HCl. dil. Pi fraction. We concluded that NPKM application improved P availability by many folds compared to NPK, which could lead to environmental pollution; therefore, the rate of combined application of manure and chemical fertilizer should be reduced compared to chemical fertilizer inputs to minimize the wastage of resources and environmental P losses.

Study on wavelength overlapping HPLC fingerprint and multi-component content determination of Danshen / 中国中药杂志

This project was launched to and establish the wavelength overlapping HPLC fingerprint for Danshen and determine the contents of 7 component in Danshen. The chromatographic fingerprints were built by using Agilent Eclipse Plus C_(18)( 4. 6 mm×100 mm,3. 5 μm) as stationary phase and 0. 1% formic acid solution( A)-acetonitrile( B) as mobile phase with gradient elution( 0-5 min,10%-20% B; 5-20 min,20%-30% B; 20-25 min,30%-50% B; 25-40 min,50%-65% B; 40-45 min,65%-80% B; 45-46 min,80%-10% B; 46-50 min,10% B) at a flow rate of 1 mL·min~(-1). The column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃ and the detection wavelength was set at 250,280,310 and 340 nm. The technique of wavelength overlapping fingerprint was established and the contents of 7 indicative compounds have been determined in this method. The results of wavelength overlapping HPLC fingerprint showed all-around information of the fingerprints at 250,280,310 and 340 nm,and the similarity among 17 batches of Danshen was over 0. 828-0. 936. In wavelength overlapping HPLC fingerprint,15 common peaks were selected as the common peaks,and 7 contents of them were indentified as rosmarinic acid,salvianolic acid B,salvianolic acid A,phenolic acid,dihydrotanshinone Ⅰ,tanshinone Ⅰ and tanshinone ⅡA. The results of methodological study demonstrated that the method met the requirements of the determination. The method established in this study is simple,convenient and durable,which can provide a scientific basis for the quality control of Danshen.

Quality evaluation of Styrax based on quantitative determination of 7 chemical components using HPLC wavelength switching method and chemometrics / 中国中药杂志

In order to evaluate the quality of Styrax more comprehensively,this study attempted to establish an HPLC wavelength switching method to simultaneously determine the content of seven compounds in Styrax,and chemometrics were used to analyze the quality difference between different sources of Styrax,and finally establish a characteristic chromatogram of Styrax. The column was Agilent ZORBAX Extend C18( 4. 6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) with phase a mixture of acetonitrile-0. 1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution as the mobile phase in a gradient elution procedure; the detection wavelength was set as follows: 0-13. 5 min,194 nm( benzoic acid);13. 5-20. 5 min,278 nm( cinnamic acid); 20. 5-32 min,194 nm( benzyl benzoate,benzyl cinnamate,cinnamyl cinnamate,dehydroabietic acid); 32-55 min,241 nm( abietic acid). The methodological verification results showed that when the injection masses of benzoic acid,cinnamic acid,benzyl benzoate,benzyl cinnamate,cinnamyl cinnamate,dehydroabietic acid and abietic acid were0. 006 948-0. 694 8,0. 001 426-0. 142 6,0. 013 16-0. 658 0,0. 006 148-0. 614 8,0. 008 035-0. 803 5,0. 002 121-0. 212 1,and0. 010 172-1. 017 2 μg,respectively,there were good linear relationship between injection mass and peak area. The average recovery rates of seven compounds were in the range from 94. 34% to 105. 8%,and all RSD were less than 3. 0%( n = 6). The methodological verification results showed that the developed HPLC wavelength switching method has good accuracy and repeatability. The results of the sample analysis showed that the quality of Styrax from different sources was quite different. The chromatogram of Styrax reference material( S1) was used as the reference chromatogram to calculate the fingerprint similarity of each batch of samples. The results showed that the similarities of samples S2-S10 were 0. 952,0. 949,0. 981,0. 351,0. 751,0. 969,0. 979,0. 992 and 0. 971,respectively.The similarity values of other batches samples were satisfactory,except for sample S5 and S6,indicating that the quality difference among these samples is small. The similarity values of S11-S20 were 0. 060,0. 055,0. 054,0. 285,0. 092,0. 002,0. 044,0. 044,0. 044,and 0. 040,respectively. The results showed that compared with the sample S1,there was a large quality difference among S11-S20. Based on the chromatograms of S1-S10,the HPLC characteristic chromatograms of Styrax was established and the purpose is to give reference to other pharmaceutical researchers. The newly developed HPLC wavelength switching method have the advantages of simplicity,reproducibility and specificity,and the developed HPLC characteristic chromatograms provided a reference method for the overall quality evaluation of Styrax.

Clinical effect of Caulis decoction on iron deficiency anemia and the hepcidin iron metabolism.

Studies have shown that Chinese herb caulis extract can effectively inhibit the expression of the core regulatory hormone hepcidin in iron metabolism and significantly increase the iron level in the body. On this basis, this paper analyzed clinical efficacy and safety of oral niferex (polysaccharide iron complex) combined with caulis Decoction in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia. The results showed that the recovery rate of the Caulis group, Niferex group and the combined treatment group were 41.6%, 46.6% and 58.3% respectively. The difference of recovery rate was statistically significant. The RBC, Hb, Hct, SI, SF, Tf, TIBC and serum Hepcidin in the combined treatment group were significantly higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). Caulis group has 3 cases of gastrointestinal symptoms, and the incidence of adverse reactions was 5%. Chinese medicine caulis can significantly improve erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, hematocrit and related iron metabolism, but the improvement of the combined treatment group is more obvious. In conclusion, Chinese medicine caulis can significantly improves the clinical symptoms and iron metabolism in patients with iron deficiency anemia, combined oral niferex therapy has better effect.

Efficacy and safety of baroreflex activation therapy for treatment of resistant hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To provide definite evidence for the anti-hypertensive benefit of Baroreflex Activation Therapy (BAT) for resistant hypertension, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of BAT. Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library and Web of Science. Two reviewers independently determined the eligibility of studies and extracted the data. The quality of all included studies was evaluated by the use of the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS). Disagreements were settled through discussion. Twelve studies, included one randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and eleven prospective studies were eligible for qualitative analysis and five prospective studies were selected for meta-analysis. The data of analysis showed office systolic blood pressure (SBP)(WMD = -24.01, 95% CI = -28.65 to -19.36, P= 0.753I2 = 0.0%) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)(WMD = -12.53, 95% CI = -15.82 to -9.24,P = 0.893,I2 = 0.893) decreased by BAT treatment.The effect on SBP was both significant in the Barostim neo TM device (WMD = -22.49, 95% CI = -29.13 to 15.84, P= 0.443; I2 = 0.0%) and Rheos System (WMD = 25.46, 95% CI = -31.96 to -18.96, P= 0.703; I2 = 0.0%). Our study found office BP were significantly decreased by BAT treatment, but available evidence is limited by risk of bias, small sample size, and few RCTs. Thus, there is presently insufficient evidence to fully evaluate the efficacy and safety of BAT for Patients with Resistant Hypertension. Additional high-quality RCT research with long-term follow-up is required.

Effects of shading on key enzyme genesexpression and accumulation of saponins in Panax japonicus var. major / 中国中药杂志

To explore the effects of shading and the expression of key enzyme genes on the synthesis and accumulation of Panax japonicus var. major saponins, different shading treatments (0%, 30%,50%) of potted P. japonicus var. major were used as test materials, the expression of three key enzyme genes(CAS,DS,-AS) of leaves and rhizomes in different growth periods of P. japonicus var. major was determined by real-time quantitative PCR, the content of total saponins was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The results indicated that, in flowering stage, CAS,DS,-AS were highly expressed in the aerial parts of P. japonicus var. major, 30% shading treatment significantly inhibited the expression of CAS in leaves and promoted the expression of DS and -AS in stems, leaves and flowers, it was speculated that the main part of saponin synthesis was leaf in this stage. Both the expression levels of DS and -AS and changes in the content of total saponins in leaves showed a tendency of low-high-low throughout the growth cycle, correlation coefficient analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between them. Compared with control, the expression levels of DS and -AS and the content of total saponins were greatly enhanced under shading treatment, 30% shading treatment significantly promoted the accumulation of total saponins. Therefore, it is suggested that 30% shading treatment should be applied to the artificial cultivation of P. japonicus var. major, which is beneficial to the accumulation and quality improvement of saponins.