MXene-Decorated Nanofibrous Membrane with Programmed Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Effects via Steering NF-κB Pathway for Infectious Cutaneous Regeneration.

Although antibiotic is still the main choice for antibacteria both in hospital and community, phototherapy has become a possibly one of the alternative approaches in the treatment of microbe-associated infections nowadays because of its considerable potential in effective eradication of pathogenic bacteria. However, overwhelming reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from phototherapy inevitably provoke an inflammatory response, complicating the healing process. To address this outstanding issue, a MXene-decorated nanofibrious is devised that not only yield localized heat but also elevate ROS levels under near-infrared laser exposure ascribed to the synergistic photothermal/photodynamic effect, for potent bacterial inactivation. After being further loaded with aspirin, the nanofibrous membranes exhibit benign cytocompatibility, boosting cell growth and suppressing the (nuclear factor kappa-B ( NF-κB) signaling pathways through RNA sequencing analysis, indicating an excellent anti-inflammatory effect. Interestingly, in vivo investigations also corroborate that the nanofibrous membranes accelerate infectious cutaneous regeneration by efficiently killing pathogenic bacteria, promoting collagen deposition, boosting angiogenesis, and dampening inflammatory reaction via steering NF-κB pathway. As envisaged, this work furnishes a decorated nanofibrous membrane with programmed antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects for remedy of refractory bacteria-invaded wound regeneration.

Engineered Bio-Heterojunction with Infection-Primed H2 S Liberation for Boosted Angiogenesis and Infectious Cutaneous Regeneration.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) acts as a powerful weapon against infectious diseases for its enormous antimicrobial activity that quickly elicits storms of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Nevertheless, redundant ROS during treatment inevitably bring detriments in revascularization. To address this dilemma, an innovative P-N bio-heterojunction (bio-HJ) material consisting of p-type copper sulfide (p-CuS), n-type bismuth sulfide (n-Bi2 S3 ), and lactate oxidase (LOx) for effective treatment of recalcitrant infectious wounds by promoting angiogenesis is devised. LOx exhausts lactic acid accumulated in infection environment and converts it to hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), which subsequently yields bactericidal hydroxyl radicals (·OH) via Fenton-like reactions. Ultimately, the P-N bio-HJs exert synergistic photothermal, photodynamic, and chemodynamic effects for rapid bacterial annihilation. Moreover, in vitro and RNA-seq analyses reveal that the crafted bio-HJs dramatically expedite the proliferation of L929 cells and promote angiogenesis by up-regulating angiogenic gene expression in hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway, which may ascribe to the evolution of H2 S in response to the infection microenvironment. Critically, results of in vivo experiments have authenticated that the bio-HJs significantly boost healing rates of full-thickness wounds by slaughtering bacteria, elevating angiogenesis, and promoting cytothesis. As envisioned, this work furnishes a novel tactic for the effective treatment of bacteria-invaded wound using H2 S-liberating P-N bio-HJs.