Effect of dietary aluminum and vitamin D interaction on growth and calcium and phosphorus metabolism of broiler chicks.

The interaction of dietary aluminum (as aluminum sulfate) and vitamin D on growth performance and calcium and phosphorus metabolism was investigated using male broiler chicks. A corn-soybean broiler starter diet, containing .88% Ca and .45% available P and without added cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), was fed with 0 or .2% Al and with 0, 100, or 200 ICU of vitamin D3/kg of diet in a complete factorial arrangement. Four replicate cages of 10 chicks, 1 day of age, were assigned to each dietary treatment. Average body weight gain (328 versus 545 g), feed intake (611 versus 784 g), gain:feed (.54 versus .68), and plasma inorganic P (4.2 versus 6.7 mg/dL) were significantly reduced (P < .05) in chicks fed diets with .2% Al, compared with those fed 0% Al. These four variables were improved by increasing the level of vitamin D3 in the diet from 0 to 100 ICU/kg. However, further improvements were not obtained by elevating the vitamin D3 level to 200 ICU/kg. There were significant interactions of Al and vitamin D3 on gain, feed intake, and gain:feed, but not on plasma P. Gain and feed intake were significantly decreased by Al at each level of vitamin D3. Plasma total Ca was significantly increased by vitamin D3, but was unaffected by Al. Increasing the level of dietary vitamin D3 did not completely alleviate the negative effects of Al.

Relationship of dietary aluminum, phosphorus, and calcium to phosphorus and calcium metabolism and growth performance of broiler chicks.

Dietary treatments providing three levels of added Al (0, .196, or .392%) as aluminum sulfate and of available phosphorus (Pav) .45, .68, or .78%) in a factorial arrangement were administered to day-old chicks in Experiment 1. Plasma inorganic phosphorus (Pi) was significantly (P less than .05) elevated by increasing Pav and was decreased by Al. Body weight gain, feed intake, and the gain:feed ratio at Day 21 were significantly decreased by increased concentrations of Al, but were unaffected by the Pav concentrations. Decreases of 39 and 73% in weight gain and of 34 and 66% in feed intake resulted from feeding .196 and .392% Al, respectively. In Experiment 2, day-old chicks were fed diets supplemented with 0 or .392% Al in combination with .9% Ca plus .45% Pav, .9% Ca plus .78% Pav, 1.8% Ca plus .45% Pav, or 1.8% Ca plus .9% Pav. After 21 days, the supplemental Al resulted in: 1) significantly poorer growth performance; 2) decreased plasma Pi, total Ca, Zn, and Mg; and 3) decreased tibia weight and breaking strength. Elevating Pav improved growth performance, plasma Pi, and tibia weight and strength, and decreased plasma total Ca. Increasing dietary Ca significantly decreased plasma Pi and increased plasma total Ca without affecting other parameters. Increasing Pav alleviated the negative effect of Al on plasma Pi without correcting the negative effect of Al on growth performance.

Effect of dietary aluminum sulfate on calcium and phosphorus metabolism of broiler chicks.

The effect of dietary aluminum sulfate on Ca and P metabolism was studied using 1-day-old male broiler chicks. In Experiment 1, practical diets providing .90% Ca plus .45% available P (Pav), .90% Ca plus .78% Pav, 1.80% Ca plus .45% Pav, or 1.80% Ca plus .90% Pav were fed with 0 or .392% A1 as aluminum sulfate for 21 days. The control diet (.90% Ca plus .45% Pav) without added A1 was fed to all chicks during Days 22 to 49. In general, A1 significantly (P less than .05) decreased BW gain, feed intake, gain:feed ratio, plasma inorganic P (Pi), tibia breaking strength, tibia weight, percentage of tibia ash, and plasma Zn, measured at Day 21. Elevating Pav increased BW gain, feed intake, gain:feed ratio, tibia weight and plasma Zn, and decreased plasma total Ca in the presence of .392% A1 plus 1.80% Ca. Plasma Pi, tibia breaking strength, and percentage of tibia ash were increased by raising dietary Pav in the presence of .392% A1 with either level of Ca. Negative effects of dietary A1 on feed intake and BW persisted through Day 49. In Experiment 2, a control diet (.90% Ca, .45% Pav) was fed for ad libitum access either alone or supplemented with .2% A1 as aluminum sulfate or with an equivalent amount of sulfate provided by potassium sulfate. The control diet was also pair-fed to chicks given .2% A1. Dietary A1 significantly depressed weight gain, feed intake, gain:feed ratio, and plasma Pi.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effect of dietary aluminum on calcium and phosphorus metabolism and performance of laying hens.

The effect was studied of feeding dietary Al as aluminum sulfate on calcium and phosphorus metabolism and performance of Single Comb White Leghorn laying hens. In Trial 1, graded levels of Al (0, .05, .10, or .15%) were added to a corn-soybean meal layer diet containing 3.3% Ca and .5% available P. Each diet was fed for 28 days to six groups of six individually caged hens. Adding .15% Al to the diet significantly (P less than .05) reduced feed intake, egg production, body weight, tibia breaking strength, and plasma inorganic P. In Trial 2, graded levels of Al (0, .1, .2, or .3%) were added to the basal diet. Each diet was fed to five or six individually caged hens for 42 days. Feeding .3% Al significantly (P less than .05) decreased plasma inorganic P in samples collected immediately following oviposition after 10 and 42 days of treatment. Plasma total Ca, tibia weight, and tibia breaking strength were unaffected by dietary treatments. Egg production and feed intake during Days 1 through 21, but not during Days 22 through 42, were significantly reduced by .3% Al. The results indicated that the addition of .3% Al to a laying hen diet has a negative effect on P metabolism and egg production.

Biological availability of selenodicysteine in chicks.

The biological availability of selenium (Se) in selenodicysteine (SDC) for chicks was evaluated using plasma glutathione peroxidase (SeGSHpx) activity and tissue Se levels as criteria. In each of two trials day-old Single Comb White Leghorn chicks were fed a basal diet low in Se but supplemented with vitamin E during Days 1 to 14. On Day 15 three replicate groups of eight chicks were assigned to each dietary treatment. Dietary treatments consisted of feeding the basal diet alone or supplemented with approximately 50, 100, or 150 ppb Se as either sodium selenite or SDC from Days 15 to 27. Pooled samples of blood, liver, and breast muscle were obtained from four chicks per replicate group on Day 27. Activity of SeGSHpx and the concentration of Se in plasma, whole blood, muscle, and liver were highly correlated (P less than .0001) with supplemental dietary Se. In Trial 1 no differences were observed between the slopes for each compound upon determining linear regression equations for SeGSHpx, plasma Se, whole blood Se, muscle Se, or liver Se versus supplemental dietary Se. In Trial 2 there were no differences between the slopes for each compound in equations for SeGSHpx, plasma Se, or whole blood Se versus supplemental dietary Se. The ratio of slopes (SDC/sodium selenite) was .82 for both muscle Se and liver Se versus dietary Se. Thus, data indicate that Se in SDC is highly available for chicks.