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1.
Neuropsychol Rehabil ; 32(7): 1576-1604, 2022 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33947319

RESUMO

Prospective memory (PM) problems in aging and, to a greater extent, in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), compromise functional independence. This study examined the effectiveness of a cognitive training program based on visual imagery to improve PM among older adults with and without MCI. Participants were older adults, 24 with MCI and 24 cognitively healthy (HOA). Half of them (12 MCI and 12 HOA) were randomly assigned to the PM training program, the other half to the no-training control group. All participants also completed a pre- and post-test evaluation, including neuropsychological tests, questionnaires, and the Ecological Test of Prospective Memory (TEMP). There was no significant effect of the intervention on the TEMP total, event-based or time-based scores for either the MCI or HOA groups. However, the trained MCI group committed fewer false alarms (i.e., more efficient identification of prospective cues) in the event-based condition of the TEMP at post-test. On the other hand, all trained participants performed better than control participants on retrospective memory tests, which suggests that visual imagery-based training is more effective to improve retrospective memory than PM. Possible explanations for these results are explored.


Assuntos
Disfunção Cognitiva , Memória Episódica , Idoso , Humanos , Transtornos da Memória , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Estudos Retrospectivos
2.
Hum Brain Mapp ; 40(13): 3951-3965, 2019 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31148327

RESUMO

Amyloid-beta (Aß) deposition is one of the main hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. The study assessed the associations between cortical and subcortical 11 C-Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) retention, namely, in the hippocampus, amygdala, putamen, caudate, pallidum, and thalamus, and subcortical morphology in cognitively normal individuals. We recruited 104 cognitive normal individuals who underwent extensive neuropsychological assessment, PiB-positron emission tomography (PET) scan, and 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition of T1-weighted images. Global, cortical, and subcortical regional PiB retention values were derived from each scan and subcortical morphology analyses were performed to investigate vertex-wise local surface and global volumes, including the hippocampal subfields volumes. We found that subcortical regional Aß was associated with the surface of the hippocampus, thalamus, and pallidum, with changes being due to volume and shape. Hippocampal Aß was marginally associated with volume of the whole hippocampus as well as with the CA1 subfield, subiculum, and molecular layer. Participants showing higher subcortical Aß also showed worse cognitive performance and smaller hippocampal volumes. In contrast, global and cortical PiB uptake did not associate with any subcortical metrics. This study shows that subcortical Aß is associated with subcortical surface morphology in cognitively normal individuals. This study highlights the importance of quantifying subcortical regional PiB retention values in these individuals.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento/metabolismo , Envelhecimento/patologia , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Globo Pálido , Hipocampo , Tálamo , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Doença de Alzheimer/patologia , Compostos de Anilina , Feminino , Globo Pálido/anatomia & histologia , Globo Pálido/diagnóstico por imagem , Globo Pálido/metabolismo , Hipocampo/anatomia & histologia , Hipocampo/diagnóstico por imagem , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Neuroimagem , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Tálamo/anatomia & histologia , Tálamo/diagnóstico por imagem , Tálamo/metabolismo , Tiazóis
3.
Sleep ; 42(6)2019 06 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30854555

RESUMO

We aimed to investigate cortical and subcortical brain alterations in people with Parkinson's disease with polysomnography-confirmed rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD). Thirty people with Parkinson's disease, including 15 people with RBD, were recruited and compared with 41 healthy controls. Surface-based cortical and subcortical analyses were performed on T1-weighted images to investigate thickness and shape abnormalities between groups, and voxel-based and deformation-based morphometry were performed to investigate local volume. Correlations were performed in patients to investigate the structural correlates of motor activity during REM sleep. People with RBD showed cortical thinning in the right perisylvian and inferior temporal cortices and shape contraction in the putamen compared with people without RBD. Compared with controls, people with RBD had extensive cortical thinning and volume loss, brainstem volume was reduced, and shape contraction was found in the basal ganglia and hippocampus. In comparison to controls, people without RBD showed more restricted thinning in the sensorimotor, parietal, and occipital cortices, reduced volume in the brainstem, temporal and more posterior areas, and shape contraction in the pallidum and hippocampus. In Parkinson's disease, higher tonic and phasic REM sleep motor activity was associated with contraction of the thalamic surface, extensive cortical thinning, and subtle volume reduction in the middle temporal gyrus. In Parkinson's disease, the presence of RBD is associated with extensive cortical and subcortical abnormalities, suggesting more severe neurodegeneration in people with RBD. This provides potential neuroanatomical correlates for the more severe clinical phenotype reported in people with Parkinson's disease with RBD.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/patologia , Doença de Parkinson/patologia , Transtorno do Comportamento do Sono REM/fisiopatologia , Sono REM/fisiologia , Idoso , Atrofia/patologia , Gânglios da Base/patologia , Tronco Encefálico/patologia , Feminino , Hipocampo/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Doença de Parkinson/complicações , Polissonografia , Transtorno do Comportamento do Sono REM/complicações , Tálamo/patologia
4.
Hum Brain Mapp ; 16(1): 1-13, 2002 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11870922

RESUMO

Various lines of evidence indicate that men generally experience greater sexual arousal (SA) to erotic stimuli than women. Yet, little is known regarding the neurobiological processes underlying such a gender difference. To investigate this issue, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to compare the neural correlates of SA in 20 male and 20 female subjects. Brain activity was measured while male and female subjects were viewing erotic film excerpts. Results showed that the level of perceived SA was significantly higher in male than in female subjects. When compared to viewing emotionally neutral film excerpts, viewing erotic film excerpts was associated, for both genders, with bilateral blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal increases in the anterior cingulate, medial prefrontal, orbitofrontal, insular, and occipitotemporal cortices, as well as in the amygdala and the ventral striatum. Only for the group of male subjects was there evidence of a significant activation of the thalamus and hypothalamus, a sexually dimorphic area of the brain known to play a pivotal role in physiological arousal and sexual behavior. When directly compared between genders, hypothalamic activation was found to be significantly greater in male subjects. Furthermore, for male subjects only, the magnitude of hypothalamic activation was positively correlated with reported levels of SA. These findings reveal the existence of similarities and dissimilarities in the way the brain of both genders responds to erotic stimuli. They further suggest that the greater SA generally experienced by men, when viewing erotica, may be related to the functional gender difference found here with respect to the hypothalamus.


Assuntos
Nível de Alerta/fisiologia , Encéfalo/anatomia & histologia , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Literatura Erótica/psicologia , Lateralidade Funcional/fisiologia , Caracteres Sexuais , Comportamento Sexual/fisiologia , Adulto , Mapeamento Encefálico , Circulação Cerebrovascular/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hipotálamo/anatomia & histologia , Hipotálamo/fisiologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Filmes Cinematográficos , Vias Neurais/anatomia & histologia , Vias Neurais/fisiologia , Estimulação Luminosa , Análise de Regressão , Tálamo/anatomia & histologia , Tálamo/fisiologia , Percepção Visual/fisiologia
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