Acanthopanax senticosus extract alleviates radiation-induced learning and memory impairment based on neurotransmitter-gut microbiota communication.

BACKGROUND: Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) is a medicinal and food plant with many physiological functions, especially nerve protection. Its extract has many functional components, including polysaccharides, flavonoids, saponins, and amino acids. Our previous study indicated that AS extract protected against nerve damage caused by radiation. However, little is known about the gut-brain axis mechanism of AS and its impact on radiation-induced learning and memory impairment. METHOD: In 60 Co-γ ray-irradiated mice, we investigated the changes in behavior, neurotransmitters and gut microbiota after different days of administration of AS extract as a dietary supplement. RESULTS: The AS extract improved learning and memory ability in mice, and the neurotransmitter levels in the hippocampus and colon started to change from the 7th day, which accompanied changes of the gut microbiota, a decreased abundance of Helicobacter on the 7th day and an increased abundance of Lactobacillus on the 28th day. Among the marker bacteria, Ruminococcus and Clostridiales were associated with 5-HT synthesis, and Streptococcus were associated with 5-HT and ACH synthesis. In addition, the AS extract increased the tight junction protein, inhibited inflammation levels in colon, and even increased the relative protein expression of BDNF and NF-κB and decreased the relative protein expression of IκBα in the hippocampus of irradiated mice. CONCLUSION: These results will lay the foundation for further study on the mechanism of the gut-brain axis of AS in preventing radiation-induced learning and memory impairment.

Eleutheroside E supplementation prevents radiation-induced cognitive impairment and activates PKA signaling via gut microbiota.

Radiation affects not only cognitive function but also gut microbiota. Eleutheroside E (EE), a principal active compound of Acanthopanax senticosus, has a certain protective effect on the nervous system. Here, we find a four-week EE supplementation to the 60Co-γ ray irradiated mice improves the cognition and spatial memory impairments along with the protection of hippocampal neurons, remodels the gut microbiota, especially changes of Lactobacillus and Helicobacter, and altered the microbial metabolites including neurotransmitters (GABA, NE, ACH, 5-HT) as well as their precursors. Furthermore, the fecal transplantation of EE donors verifies that EE alleviated cognition and spatial memory impairments, and activates the PKA/CREB/BDNF signaling via gut microbiota. Our findings provide insight into the mechanism of EE effect on the gut-brain axis and underpin a proposed therapeutic value of EE in cognitive and memory impairments induced by radiation.

The Therapeutic Effect of Acanthopanax senticosus Components on Radiation-Induced Brain Injury Based on the Pharmacokinetics and Neurotransmitters.

Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) is a medicinal and food homologous plant with many biological activities. In this research, we generated a brain injury model by 60Co -γ ray radiation at 4 Gy, and gavaged adult mice with the extract with AS, Acanthopanax senticocus polysaccharides (ASPS), flavones, syringin and eleutheroside E (EE) to explore the therapeutic effect and metabolic characteristics of AS on the brain injury. Behavioral tests and pathological experiments showed that the AS prevented the irradiated mice from learning and memory ability impairment and protected the neurons of irradiated mice. Meanwhile, the functional components of AS increased the antioxidant activity of irradiated mice. Furthermore, we found the changes of neurotransmitters, especially in the EE and syringin groups. Finally, distribution and pharmacokinetic analysis of AS showed that the functional components, especially EE, could exert their therapeutic effects in brain of irradiated mice. This lays a theoretical foundation for the further research on the treatment of radiation-induced brain injury by AS.

Continuous high voltage electrical discharge extraction of flavonoids from peanut shells based on "annular gap type" treatment chamber.

A continuous high voltage electric discharge (HVED) extraction system with "annular gap type" treatment chamber was for the first time designed and optimized for flavonoids extraction from peanut shells, and a comparison with the HVED system with the "converged electric field type" treatment chamber and warm maceration was carried out. The optimal conditions for the "annular gap type" design were: 25% ethanol concentration as solvent, 30:1 mL/g liquid to solid ratio, 13 kV peak pulse voltage and 60 mL/min flow rate of material. Under these conditions, the maximum yield of flavonoids was 0.948 ±â€¯0.014%. Compared with the "converged electric field type" design and warm maceration, the "annular gap type" design possessed shorter duration and higher efficiency for the flavonoids extraction, and had no effects on the composition of extracted flavonoids. The results showed that the "annular gap type" design was a promising alternative method in extracting flavonoids from peanut shells.