RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Garlic is a folk medicine known for its multiple physiological activities, but the neuro-modulatory effect of garlic against psychological stress has rarely been explored. The current study was conducted to determine the potential antipsychological stress effect of low temperature-aged garlic (LTAG). METHODS: After acute restraint stress exposure, mice were administered with raw garlic (RG, 500 mg/kg, p.o.) or LTAG (500 mg/kg, p.o.). We investigated corticosterone, cortisol, and monoamines levels, and the mRNA expression of genes relevant to oxidative stress. RESULTS: RG and LTAG treatment significantly decreased stress-related hormones such as corticotropin-releasing factor, adrenocorticotropic hormone, corticosterone, and cortisol. Moreover, RG and LTAG administration significantly restored acute restraint stress-induced changes in concentrations of brain neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, and epinephrine). In addition, RG and LTAG improved the antioxidant defense system by causing an increase in mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the brain. CONCLUSION: This study suggests an antipsychological stress and neuroprotective effect of RG and LTAG under stress conditions.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Corticosterona/sangue , Alho , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Estresse Psicológico/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Monoaminas Biogênicas/sangue , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Catalase/metabolismo , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Psicológico/sangue , TemperaturaRESUMO
Amyloid beta peptide (Abeta)-induced oxidative stress may be linked to neurodegenerative disease. Ethanol extracts of Rosa laevigata protected PC12 cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) reduction assays revealed a significant increase in cell viability when oxidatively stressed PC12 cells were treated with R. laevigata extract. The effect of R. laevigata on oxidative stress-induced cell death was further investigated by lactate dehydrogenase release assays and trypan blue exclusion assays. Administration of 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid dinonyl ester from R. laevigata extract to mice infused with Abeta significantly reversed learning and memory impairment in behavioural tests. After behavioural testing, the mice were sacrificed and brains were collected for the examination of lipid peroxidation, catalase activity and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity. These results suggest that 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid dinonyl ester from R. laevigata extract may be able to reduce Abeta-induced neurotoxicity, possibly by reducing oxidative stress. Therefore, R. laevigata extract may be useful for the prevention of oxidative stress-induced neurodegenerative disorders.