[The antiarrhythmic action of the synthetic acetylcholine analog EDIHYP in calcium chloride- and strophanthin-induced heart rhythm disorders]. / Antiaritmicheskoe deistvie sinteticheskogo analoga atsetilkholina EDIGIP pri khloridkal'tsievykh i strofantinovykh narusheniiakh serdechnogo ritma.

The experiments on Wistar rats and chinchilla rabbits showed that EDIHYP (5 mg/kg intravenously) completely prevented cardiac fibrillation and mortality in rats with calcium-chloride-induced arrhythmias, (CaCl2-200 mg/kg intravenously). Administration of atropine (0.1 mg/kg, if administered subcutaneously, 30 minutes before the acute experiment) exerts no influence on the drug's antiarrhythmic activity but eliminates its cholinergic component--salivation and lacrimation. When administered in the same dose EDIHYP to a great extent prevents oubaine (strophanthin)-induced arrhythmias in rabbits but fails to influence aconitine-induced arrhythmias. This suggests that EDIHYP's ability of direct or indirect blockade of slow Ca-channels underlies the mechanism of its antiarrhythmic action.

[The cardioprotective action of carnitine and its structural analog 3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazine)propionate on cardiac energy metabolism in experimental occlusion of the coronary artery in rats]. / Kardioprotektornoe deistvie karnitina i ego strukturnogo analoga 3-(2,2,2-trimetilgidrazinii)propionata na énergeticheskii obmen serdtsa pri éksperimental'noi okkliuzii koronarnoi arterii u krys.

The effects of carnitine and its structural analogue 3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazine) propionate (THP) were studied in rats with experimental myocardial infarction caused by occlusion of the left descending branch of the coronary artery. After one day in the group of untreated animals the relative lethality was 40.3 +/- 10.5%, the size of the infarction zone was 29.8 +/- 2.0%. Carnitine and THP decreased on the average twice the parameters as well as lactate level in the myocardium. THP prevented a reduction of ATP and AMP levels by 35 and 37%, respectively, and a decrease of adenine nucleotide pool by 30%. In this case carnitine was ineffective. It is suggested that inhibition of beta-oxidation of fatty acids by THP is energetically more beneficial for the myocardium during regional ischemia than substitution therapy with carnitine.

[The use of lysosomotropic preparations in treating severe experimental chemical eye burns]. / Primenenie lizosomotropnykh preparatov v lechenii tiazhelykh khimicheskikh ozhogov v éksperimente.

The action of membranotropic preparations--mildronat and phosphaden on the course of a severe burn process of the cornea with changes in lysosomal membranes revealed in pathogenesis has been studied in 80 rabbits. As a marking lysosomal enzyme, acid phosphatase was used. Besides this, peculiarities of the clinical course of the burn process have been studied, when treated by common methods and in a complex with the mentioned preparations. The results of the study have shown expressed stabilizing action of the preparations on lysosomal membranes of the cornea in early terms of the treatment, correlative relationship between results of biochemical investigations and clinical manifestations of the action of membranotropic preparations, high effectiveness of therapeutic action of mildronat as compared with phosphaden. The results obtained can serve as a foundation for the usage of the preparations in complex treatment of patients with severe chemical burns of the eye.

[Biochemical characteristics of the anti-ischemic action of the new structural analog of gamma-butyrobetaine 3-(2,2,2,-trimethylhydrazine)propionate]. / Biokhimicheskaia kharakteristika antiishemicheskogo deistviia novogo strukturnogo analoga gamma-butirobetaina 3-(2,2,2-trimetilgidrazinii)propionata.

A structural analogue of gamma-butyrobetaine 3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazine)propionate (THP) administered orally in doses of 50 and 150 mg/kg for 10 days prevented isoproterenol-induced increase of the activity of the hepatic isoform of lactate dehydrogenase in the rat blood serum and in a dose of 150 mg/kg prevented an increase of creatine phosphokinase activity. Against a background of the course administration of THP isoproterenol failed to cause the accumulation of acyl-insoluble acylcarnitine in the myocardium. In this case a dose-dependent decrease of free carnitine concentration and accumulation of fatty acids in the myocardium were noted. The cardioprotective effect of THP manifested itself in prevention of a decrease of ATP and ADP concentrations, accumulation of AMP and a reduction of energy charge under the influence of isoproterenol. The ability of THP to decrease the intracellular concentration of free carnitine and to depress as a result carnitine-dependent oxidation of free fatty acids may underlie the anti-ischemic effect of THP.