RESUMO
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) progresses to end-stage renal failure via renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Malnutrition, inflammation, and arteriosclerosis interact to exacerbate the poor prognosis of CKD, and their effective management is thus essential. The traditional Japanese medicine Rikkunshito (RKT) exerts appetite-stimulating effects via ghrelin, which attenuates inflammation and fibrosis. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of RKT in unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO)-induced renal fibrosis/inflammation and body weight loss in mice. UUO and sham-operated mice were fed a standard diet or diet containing 3.0% RKT. Renal fibrosis was investigated by histopathology and macrophage infiltration was determined by immunohistochemistry. Expression levels of genes associated with fibrosis, inflammation, ghrelin, and mitochondrial function were determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. RKT treatment partially prevented UUO-induced weight loss but failed to attenuate renal fibrosis and inflammation. Renal expression of sirtuin 1, a ghrelin-downstream signalling molecule, and gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α and Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B interacting protein 3 were unaffected by RKT. These results indicate that RKT inhibits weight loss but does not improve renal fibrosis or inflammation in a rapidly progressive renal fibrosis mouse model. RKT may have a protective effect on weight loss associated with CKD.
Assuntos
Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêutico , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Obstrução Ureteral/complicações , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Fibrose/tratamento farmacológico , Fibrose/etiologia , Fibrose/metabolismo , Fibrose/patologia , Inflamação/etiologia , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/metabolismo , Rim/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/etiologia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/metabolismo , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/patologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Sirtuína 1/metabolismo , Obstrução Ureteral/metabolismo , Obstrução Ureteral/patologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: There is no clinical evidence that supports the benefit of integrative medicine, defined as combination therapy of oriental and western medicine, on obesity-related hypertension. This study evaluates the efficacy of Bofu-tsusho-san (BOF), an oriental herbal medicine, on the ambulatory blood pressure (BP) profile in hypertensive patients with obesity. METHODS: The study design was a multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group controlled trial in 107 hypertensive patients with obesity. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either the conventional control therapy or BOF add-on therapy. In both groups antihypertensive therapy was aimed at achieving the target clinic BP. The primary outcome was change in the ambulatory BP profile from baseline to 24 weeks after randomization. RESULTS: Daytime systolic BP variability, an important parameter of ambulatory BP profile, was decreased in the BOF group, and the difference in the changes in daytime systolic BP variability was significant between the BOF and control group (Control vs BOF; the change from baseline in daytime systolic BP variability, 1.0±3.3 vs -1.0±3.3%; p=0.006). CONCLUSION: The BOF add-on therapy effectively improved the ambulatory BP variability. This is the first report suggesting that an integrative medicine approach may exert favorable effects on obesity-related hypertension compared with conventional pharmaceutical treatment. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMIN000003878.
Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêutico , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Obesidade/complicações , Idoso , Anti-Hipertensivos/efeitos adversos , Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial , Quimioterapia Combinada , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Hipertensão/etiologia , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Japão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fitoterapia , Plantas Medicinais , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Accumulating evidence indicates that metabolic dysfunction with visceral obesity is a major medical problem associated with the development of hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and dyslipidemia, and ultimately severe cardiovascular and renal disease. Therefore, an effective anti-obesity treatment with a concomitant improvement in metabolic profile is important for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction with visceral obesity. Bofu-tsu-shosan (BOF) is one of oriental herbal medicine and is clinically available to treat obesity in Japan. Although BOF is a candidate as a novel therapeutic strategy to improve metabolic dysfunction with obesity, the mechanism of its beneficial effect is not fully elucidated. Here, we investigated mechanism of therapeutic effects of BOF on KKAy mice, a model of human metabolic disorders with obesity. Chronic treatment of KKAy mice with BOF persistently decreased food intake, body weight gain, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and systolic blood pressure. In addition, both tissue weight and cell size of white adipose tissue (WAT) were decreased, with concomitant increases in the expression of adiponectin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors genes in WAT as well as the circulating adiponectin level by BOF treatment. Furthermore, gene expression of uncoupling protein-1, a thermogenesis factor, in brown adipose tissue and rectal temperature were both elevated by BOF. Intriguingly, plasma acylated-ghrelin, an active form of orexigenic hormone, and short-term food intake were significantly decreased by single bolus administration of BOF. These results indicate that BOF exerts a combinatorial favorable metabolic modulation including antihypertensive effect, at least partially, via its beneficial effect on adipose tissue function and its appetite-inhibitory property through suppression on the ghrelin system.