RESUMO
The effects of 4 weeks iron supplementation on haematological and immunological status were studied in 25 elite female soccer players aged 20-28 years. The subjects were randomized and assigned to one of the following two groups; subjects given 40 mg/day iron supplementation (S group) or those given placebo (C group). The oral iron supplementation (40 mg elemental iron) was taken in 15 ml solution once a day by the S group, and the C group took a placebo for 4 weeks. Daily energy and protein intakes met the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances. Blood haemoglobin concentration did not change in the S group, but decreased significantly (P<0.05) in the C group over the 4-week experimental period. Haematocrit, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin and total iron binding capacity decreased significantly, and mean cell haemoglobin concentration increased significantly (P<0.05) in both the S and C groups. Plasma ferritin concentration increased significantly (P<0.05) in the S group, but did not change in the C group. The change of plasma immunological parameters and erythrocyte anti-oxidative enzyme activities were almost the same between the S and C groups. These results suggest that 4 weeks of iron supplementation by elite female soccer players significantly increased body iron stores and inhibited decrease of haemoglobin concentration induced by soccer training.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Ferro/sangue , Ferro/imunologia , Futebol , Adulto , Anemia/imunologia , Anemia/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/sangue , Catalase/efeitos dos fármacos , Catalase/metabolismo , Ingestão de Alimentos , Índices de Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Feminino , Ferritinas/sangue , Ferritinas/efeitos dos fármacos , Glutationa Peroxidase/efeitos dos fármacos , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Hematócrito , Humanos , Imunoglobulinas/sangue , Ferro/administração & dosagem , Coreia (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Leucócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Leucócitos/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/efeitos dos fármacos , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Saúde da MulherRESUMO
Effect of nicotine on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression in various hypothalamic regions was investigated in rats via nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the fed group, the fed and nicotine-treated group, the food-deprived group, and the food-deprived and nicotine-treated group. The fed groups received abundant food and water, while food was withheld from the food-deprived groups for 48 h. The nicotine-treated groups were injected with nicotine. Following food deprivation, enhanced NAPDH-d expression was detected in the paraventricular nucleus, ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, and lateral hypothalamic area of the hypothalamus. Nicotine administration to the food-deprived rats resulted in decreased NADPH-d positivity. The present results indicate that nicotine administration is effective in limiting the enhancement in NOS expression following food restriction.