RESUMO
In the past few years, bisphenol A, (BPA) an endocrine-disrupting chemical, has received increasing attention because of its detrimental health effects. There is ample evidence to support that BPA interferes with the reproductive health of humans and animals. In spermatozoa, BPA-induced adverse effects are mostly caused by increased oxidative stress. Using an in vitro experimental model, we examined whether antioxidants (glutathione, vitamin C, and vitamin E) have defensive effects against BPA-induced stress in spermatozoa. The results showed that antioxidants inhibit the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (basically cellular peroxides) and increase intracellular ATP levels, thereby preventing motility loss and abnormal acrosome reaction in BPA-exposed spermatozoa. In particular, glutathione and vitamin E reduced the protein kinase A-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation in spermatozoa and, thus, prevented the precocious acrosome reaction from occurring. Furthermore, we found that the compromised fertilisation and early embryo development mediated by BPA-exposed spermatozoa can be improved following their supplementation with glutathione and vitamin E. Based on these findings, we suggest that antioxidants reduce oxidative stress in BPA-exposed spermatozoa, thus preventing detrimental effects on their function and fertility.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Compostos Benzidrílicos/farmacologia , Fenóis/farmacologia , Escápula/anormalidades , Articulação do Ombro/anormalidades , Animais , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacologia , Compostos Benzidrílicos/efeitos adversos , Anormalidades Congênitas , Glutationa/farmacologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Fenóis/efeitos adversos , Escápula/efeitos dos fármacos , Articulação do Ombro/efeitos dos fármacos , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Fisiológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Vitamina E/farmacologiaRESUMO
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is one of the most widely used treatment options for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HBV infections. Despite its efficacy and safety, some cases of nephrotoxicity have been reported in the treatment of HIV patients. Even more recently, very few cases of Fanconi syndrome associated with tenofovir therapy in HBV monoinfection have been reported. Herein, we report a case of a 47-year-old male with an HBV monoinfection, who developed Fanconi syndrome and a secondary osteomalacia with multiple bone pain. After TDF withdrawal and supplementation of calcitriol, his renal function was reverted. Although the overall risk of TDF-associated nephrotoxicity is very low, both glomerular and tubular function should be monitored in patients undergoing TDF treatment.