[A comparative study of fluoroquinolones and 3rd-generation cephalosporins in the prevention and treatment of experimental plague caused by Yersinia pestis strains typical and serologically atypical with respect to F1]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie ftorkhinolonov i tsefalosporinov III pokoleniia v profilaktike i lechenii éksperimental'noi chumy, obuslovlennoi tipichnym i serologicheski atipichnym po F1 shtammami chumnogo mikroba.

Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin) and 3rd generation cephalosporins (cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone) were comparatively studied in the prevention and treatment of experimental plague in albino mice caused by F1+ and F1- strains of the plague microbe. Despite the phenotype of the strain which caused the infection, the drugs were highly efficient in the etiotropic therapy. However, in the experimental plague due to F1- strains it was needed to use the maximum mean daily doses of the fluoroquinolones, cefoperazone and cefotaxime. For the prevention of the infection such doses should be used for not less than 7 days. By the efficacy ceftriaxon was superior to the other cephalosporins and should be considered as a drug of choice.

[Effectiveness of new quinolones in experimental aerogenic plague infection of albino mice]. / Effektivnost' novykh khinolonov pri aérogennoi éksperimental'noi chume belykh myshei.

It was shown that unlike nalidixic acid the 3rd generation quinolones i.e. the nitrogen-containing quinolones (LIB-71 and LIB-80) and the fluorine-containing quinolones (pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin) were highly efficient in the prophylaxis and treatment of experimental plague in albino mice infected via the plague microbe inhalation. By the ED50 the efficacy of pefloxacin was 25-30 times higher than that of nalidixic acid and 60-90 times higher than that of ciprofloxacin. The fluorine-containing quinolones proved to be more active than the nitrogen-containing ones.

[Combined use of quinolones with other antibiotics in treatment of experimental plague infection]. / Kombinirovannoe ispol'zovanie khinolonov s drugimi antibiotikami v lechenii éksperimental'noi chumnoi infektsii.

The efficacy of combinations of fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin) with betalactams (ampicillin, azlocillin and cefotaxime), aminoglycosides (amikacin) and rifampicin was studied on albino mice infected subcutaneously with plague. The drugs were used in deliberately ineffective or insufficiently effective doses. Synergism was observes with the use of ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin in combinations with amikacin, cefotaxime or rifampicin. The combinations of ciprofloxacin with ampicillin or azlocillin had no synergistic action though the therapeutic effect was not lower. With using the specifically determined doses the efficacy of the combinations could be increased by comparison with that of the drugs used alone.

[Effectiveness of the new quinolones, ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin in experimental plague]. / Izuchenie éffektivenosti novykh khinolonov--tsiprofloksatsina i pefloksatsina pri éksperimental'noi chume.

Efficacy of ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin in plague infection was studies on albino mice by comparison with that of nalidixic acid. The mice were contaminated subcutaneously. The treatment with the drugs was started 6 or 24 hours after the contamination. The MICs of ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin and nalidixic acid were 0.01 to 0.02, 0.15 and 1.25 to 2.5 micrograms/ml respectively. By the ED50 ciprofloxacin proved to be the most efficient. Pefloxacin was 6 times less efficient and nalidixic acid was 100 times less efficient. The quinolones were shown to be highly efficient when administered at 48-hour intervals.

[Antibiotics of the aminoglycoside group (gentamicin, sisomicin and amikacin) in the prevention and treatment of experimental plague]. / Antibiotiki gruppy aminoglikozidov (gentamitsin, sizomitsin, amikatsin) v profilaktike i lechenii éksperimental'noi chumnoi infektsii.

Activity of aminoglycosides such as gentamicin, sisomicin and amikacin against plague microbe strains of natural origin was studied in vitro. It was also studied in prophylaxis and treatment of experimental plague infection in albino mice. The MAC of gentamicin and sisomicin for 50 strains of the plague microbe was 0.2-1.6 micrograms/ml. For the majority of the strains it was 0.4 micrograms/ml. The amikacin MICs were 0.4-3.2 and 0.8 micrograms/ml, respectively. High efficacy of gentamicin, sisomicin and amikacin was shown in prophylaxis and treatment of experimental plague infection in albino mice. The optimal doses of the antibiotics were determined. Under definite conditions such as the use of short-term regimens and higher intervals, advantages of sisomicin over gentamicin and amikacin in prophylaxis of experimental plague infection were observed.