A novel ternary magnetic nanobiocomposite based on tragacanth-silk fibroin hydrogel for hyperthermia and biological properties.

This study involves the development of a new nanocomposite material for use in biological applications. The nanocomposite was based on tragacanth hydrogel (TG), which was formed through cross-linking of Ca2+ ions with TG polymer chains. The utilization of TG hydrogel and silk fibroin as natural compounds has enhanced the biocompatibility, biodegradability, adhesion, and cell growth properties of the nanobiocomposite. This advancement makes the nanobiocomposite suitable for various biological applications, including drug delivery, wound healing, and tissue engineering. Additionally, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized in situ within the nanocomposite to enhance its hyperthermia efficiency. The presence of hydrophilic groups in all components of the nanobiocomposite allowed for good dispersion in water, which is an important factor in increasing the effectiveness of hyperthermia cancer therapy. Hemolysis and 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assays were conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the nanobiocomposite for in-vivo applications. Results showed that even at high concentrations, the nanobiocomposite had minimal hemolytic effects. Finally, the hyperthermia application of the hybrid scaffold was evaluated, with a maximum SAR value of 41.2 W/g measured in the first interval.

Magnetic xanthan gum-silk fibroin hydrogel: A nanocomposite for biological and hyperthermia applications.

A magnetic xanthan hydrogel/silk fibroin nanobiocomposite (XG hydrogel/SF/Fe3O4) was designed, fabricated, and characterized using analyzing methods such as FT-IR, EDX, FE-SEM, XRD, TGA, and VSM to evaluate the exact structure of product nanobiocomposite. The FE-SEM images reveal the presence of spherical shapes exhibiting a narrow size range and homogeneous distribution, measuring between 30 and 35 nm in diameter. The VSM analysis demonstrates the superparamagnetic properties of the XG hydrogel/SF/Fe3O4 nanobiocomposite, exhibiting a magnetic saturation of 54 emu/g at room temperature. The biological response of the nanobiocomposite scaffolds was assessed through cell viability and red blood cell hemolytic assays. MCF10A cells were exposed to a concentration of 1.75 mg/mL of the nanobiocomposite, and after 2 and 3 days, the cell viability was found to be 96.95 % and 97.02 %, respectively. The hemolytic effect was nearly 0 % even at higher concentrations (2 mg/mL). Furthermore, the magnetic nanobiocomposite showed excellent potential for hyperthermia applications, with a maximum specific absorption rate of 7 W/g for 1 mg/mL of the sample under a magnetic field in different frequencies (100, 200, 300, and 400 MHz) and 5 to 20 min time intervals.

Magnetic carboxymethyl cellulose-silk fibroin hydrogel: A ternary nanobiocomposite exhibiting excellent biological activity and in vitro hyperthermia of cancer therapy.

In this work, a magnetic nanobiocomposite scaffold based on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogel, silk fibroin (SF), and magnetite nanoparticles was fabricated. The structural properties of this new magnetic nanobiocomposite were characterized by various analyses such as FT-IR, XRD, EDX, FE-SEM, TGA and VSM. According to the particle size histogram, most of the particles were between 55 and 77 nm and the value of saturation magnetization of this nanobiocomposite was reported 41.65 emu.g- 1. Hemolysis and MTT tests showed that the designed magnetic nanobiocomposite was compatible with the blood. In addition, the viability percentage of HEK293T normal cells did not change significantly, and the proliferation rate of BT549 cancer cells decreased in its vicinity. EC50 values for HEK293T normal cells after 48 h and 72 h were 3958 and 2566, respectively. Also, these values for BT549 cancer cells after 48 h and 72 h were 0.4545 and 0.9967, respectively. The efficiency of fabricated magnetic nanobiocomposite was appraised in a magnetic fluid hyperthermia manner. The specific absorption rate (SAR) of 69 W/g (for the 1 mg/mL sample at 200 kHz) was measured under the alternating magnetic field (AMF).

A novel magnetic nanocomposite based on alginate-tannic acid hydrogel embedded with silk fibroin with biological activity and hyperthermia application.

In the current study, sodium alginate (SA) and tannic acid (TA), in the presence of calcium chloride as a cross-linker, were used to fabricate a nanocomposite scaffold. With the addition of silk fibroin (SF), the strength of the synthesized composite was increased. Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) led to the usage of this magnetic nanocomposite in hyperthermia applications. Various properties of this scaffold were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR), energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX), Vibrating- sample magnetometer (VSM). A hemolytic assay of this magnetic nanocomposite demonstrated that about 100 % of red blood cells (RBCs) survived at a concentration of 2 mg/ml, proving this scaffold is hemocompatible. Furthermore, an MTT assay was utilized to assess the cytotoxicity of the synthesized magnetic nanocomposite. Finally, the hyperthermia behavior of the fabricated magnetic nanocomposite was evaluated, and the specific absorption rate (SAR) was 73.53 W/g. The proposed nanocomposite is a good candidate for wound dressing applications in future studies.

Magnetic chitosan-silk fibroin hydrogel/graphene oxide nanobiocomposite for biological and hyperthermia applications.

This work represents a biocompatible magnetic nanobiocomposite prepared by the composition of chitosan (CS) hydrogel, silk fibroin (SF), graphene oxide (GO), and Fe3O4 NPs. Terephthaloyl thiourea was applied as a cross-linking agent to cross-link the CS strings. The CS hydrogel/SF/GO/Fe3O4 nanobiocomposite with many characteristics, such as high structural uniformity, thermal stability, biocompatibility, and stability in an aqueous solution. Various characteristics of this novel magnetic nanobiocomposite were distinguished by FT-IR, EDX, FE-SEM, XRD, TGA, and VSM analysis. The FE-SEM images were taken to evaluate the size distribution of the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) between 39.9 and 73.3 nm as well. The performance of the prepared nanobiocomposite was assessed by the magnetic fluid hyperthermia process. Under the alternating magnetic field (AMF), the mean value of the specific absorption rate (SAR) was determined at 43.15 w/g.

Fabrication of a magnetic alginate-silk fibroin hydrogel, containing halloysite nanotubes as a novel nanocomposite for biological and hyperthermia applications.

In this study, the main focus was on designing and synthesizing a novel magnetic nanobiocomposite and its application in hyperthermia cancer treatment. Regarding this aim, sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel with CaCl2 cross-linker formed and modified by silk fibroin (SF) natural polymer and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), followed by in situ Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles preparation. No important differences were detected in red blood cells (RBCs) hemolysis, confirming the high blood compatibility of the treated erythrocytes with this nanobiocomposite. Moreover, the synthesized SA hydrogel/SF/HNTs/Fe3O4 nanobiocomposite does not demonstrate toxicity toward HEK293T normal cell line after 48 and 72 h. The anticancer property of SA hydrogel/SF/HNTs/Fe3O4 nanobiocomposites against breast cancer cell lines was corroborated. The magnetic saturation of the mentioned magnetic nanobiocomposite was 15.96 emu g-1. The specific absorption rate (SAR) was measured to be 22.3 W g-1 by applying an alternating magnetic field (AMF). This novel nanobiocomposite could perform efficiently in the magnetic fluid hyperthermia process, according to the obtained results.

Biological investigation of a novel nanocomposite based on functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets with pectin, silk fibroin and zinc chromite nanoparticles.

For biotechnology applications, a novel nanobiocomposite was synthesized based on modification of graphene oxide (GO) by extracted silk fibroin (SF), natural polymer pectin (Pec) and zinc chromite (ZnCr2O4) nanoparticles (NPs). The structure and properties of hybrid nanobiocomposite GO-Pec/SF/ZnCr2O4 such as thermal stability, less toxicity, biocompatibility, antibacterial, and biodegradable were proved by using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). According to the biological features of substances, the GO-Pec/SF/ZnCr2O4 nanobiocomposite shows perfect results in MTT (83.71 %) and Hemolysis (16.52 %) assays. accordingly, mentioned properties of this nanobiocomposite can be used as a scaffold for medical applications.