Treatment Update of Port-Wine Stain: A Narrative Review.

BACKGROUND: Port-wine stain (PWS) is a congenital vascular malformation affecting 0.3–0.5% of normal population. These characteristic lesions arise due to the interplay of vascular, neural, and genetic factors. Treatment options include lasers, cosmetic tattooing, electrotherapy, cryosurgery, derma-abrasion, and skin grafting; however, none of these treatment alternatives appears to be satisfactory and is unable to provide consistent, satisfactory responses or even complete cures. Currently, laser is the treatment of choice, as it is comparatively safe and more effective than other procedures. The most commonly used modality is pulsed dye laser (PDL). The literature research includes peer-reviewed articles (clinical trials or scientific reviews). Studies were identified by searching electronic databases (MEDLINE and PubMed) to January 2020 and reference lists of respective articles. Only articles published in English language were included. J Drugs Dermatol. 20(5): doi:10.36849/JDD.5005.

Efficacy of 595- and 1319-nm pulsed dye laser in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a narrative review.

Acne is one of the commonest problems of adolescence with almost half of the patients experiencing persistence into adulthood. Pulsed dye lasers (PDL) with wavelengths of 585 and 595 nm targeting hemoglobin have been used for the treatment of this condition and its sequelae. Recent introduction of PDL with a higher wavelength of 1319 nm has been reported to offer some benefit to acne patients. We reviewed the literature on the use of 595-nm and 1319-nm PDL in the management of acne. A PubMed literature search for search terms "pulsed dye laser," "acne laser therapy," "light therapy for acne," "595 nm and acne," "1319 nm and acne" was done. Studies, series and case reports were included. These lasers were compared to other lasers and light sources such as 532-nm Potassium Titanyl Phosphate laser, 585-nm PDLs, 1450-nm diode laser, 1540-nm erbium glass laser, intense-pulsed light (IPL), photodynamic therapy, red and blue light and short-pulsed 1064 nm laser utilized in acne management regarding their efficacy. Improvement in acne grading, scale severity or reduction in lesion count indicated substantial efficacy of the laser system utilized.

Update in minimally invasive periorbital rejuvenation with a focus on platelet-rich plasma: A narrative review.

BACKGROUND: The periorbital region is among the first areas to be affected by the process of aging, which is influenced by genetic and constitutional factors. As the region plays an important role in overall facial appearance, rejuvenation of the area has immense cosmetic benefit and various treatment modalities have been used to achieve the same. AIMS: This article reviews commonly used non-surgical and minimally invasive modalities for periorbital rejuvenation. METHODS: The literature research considered published journal articles (clinical trials or scientific reviews). Studies were identified by searching electronic databases (MEDLINE and PubMed) and reference lists of respective articles. Only articles available in English were considered for this review. RESULTS: Autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) is increasingly used in dermatology for skin and hair conditions. The use of PRP is rapidly growing in popularity as a modality to achieve skin rejuvenation. The mechanism by which PRP leads to skin rejuvenation is by increasing the dermal fibroblast proliferation, expression of matrix metalloproteinase and collagen synthesis. CONCLUSION: The evidence discussed in this article indicates the increasing importance of minimally invasive modalities in periorbital rejuvenation and a promising role for PRP as solo therapy or in multimodality regimens.

Therapeutic options in vitiligo with special emphasis on immunomodulators: A comprehensive update with review of literature.

Vitiligo is a relatively common disorder characterized by areas of depigmented skin. It may be associated with social stigma and adversely affects the quality of life. Although many treatment options are available, none is curable. The search continues for an effective therapeutic option. New targeted options include biologics and other immunomodulatory agents, with varying degrees of evidence. We have discussed briefly the therapeutic options with special emphasis on the newer immunomodulatory agents. We undertook a comprehensive English literature search across multiple databases such as PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane using keywords (alone and in combination) and MeSH items such as "vitiligo," "treatment," "recent," and "immunomodulators" to obtain several relevant articles, priority being given to prospective randomized controlled trials. We scanned all the relevant articles and summarized them to obtain the latest information about the treatment of this condition to prepare the current article.

Intense pulsed light for the treatment of rosacea and telangiectasias.

UNLABELLED: Abstract Background: Rosacea is a chronic disease that affects the aesthetic appearance of skin. The use of intense pulsed light (IPL) has shown significant clearing in erythema, telangiectasia, and papules in rosacea. We seek parameters for IPL that will achieve optimal reduction in the appearance of rosacea with minimal adverse effects. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of IPL on 102 patients at various parameters (fluence and pulse duration) in the treatment of rosacea. METHODS: 102 patients with mild to severe rosacea were treated with IPL treatment using the NaturaLight IPL system (Focus Medical, Bethel, CT). Patients received treatments at 1-3 week intervals, with an average of 7.2 treatments. The Reveal Imager (Canfield Scientific, Fairfield, NJ) was used for photodocumentation and analyses. RESULTS: Treatments were given at 2.5/5 ms double, triple, or quadruple pulsed with 20-30 ms delay time. A 530 nm filter was used with fluences varying from 10-30 J/cm(2), or 10-20 J/cm(2) with a 420 nm filter for those patients with acneiform breakouts in addition to telangiectasias. 80% of patients had reduction in redness, 78% of patients reported reduced flushing and improved skin texture, and 72% noted fewer acneiform breakouts. There were no complications or adverse effects. CONCLUSION: The use of IPL at specified parameters provides optimal therapy for the treatment of rosacea.