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Due to their distinct characteristics and possible uses in a variety of disciplines, nanoparticles have attracted a lot of attention recently. One area of interest is the synthesis of nanoparticles using natural sources such as bee pollen. The research aims to evaluate the usability of bee pollen extract-based magnesium nanoparticles (MgNPs). First, a palynological study was used to determine the plant source of bee pollen. The nanoparticle was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results revealed cubic-shaped MgNPs with an average size range of 36-40â nm. Afterward, nanoparticles were evaluated for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and neurotoxic properties. It was determined that the total antioxidant capacity, phenolic (TPC), flavonoid (TFC) content, DPPH radical scavenging, and antimicrobial activity of the nanoparticles were lower than pollen extract. At the same time, nanoparticles have less toxicity than bee pollen.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Nanopartículas , Neuroblastoma , Animais , Humanos , Abelhas , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/análise , Magnésio/análise , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/análise , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/análise , Nanopartículas/química , Linhagem Celular , Pólen/química , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de FourierRESUMO
Phytoestrogens are xenoestrogens found in plants with a myriad of health benefits. However, various studies reported the genotoxic effects of these substances. Thus, we reviewed in vitro and in vivo studies published in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to evaluate the genotoxic and the genoprotective potential of phytoestrogens. Only studies written in English and intended to study commercially available phytoestrogens were included. The screening was performed manually. Moreover, the underlying mechanism of action of phytoestrogens was described. Around half of those studies (43%) reported genoprotective results. However, several studies revealed positive results for genotoxicity with specific model organisms and with dose/concentration dependence. The assessment of the selected articles showed substantial differences in the used concentrations and a biphasic response was recorded in some phytoestrogens. As far as we know, this is the first study to assess the genotoxic and genoprotective effects of phytoestrogens systematically.
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Dano ao DNA , Fitoestrógenos , Fitoestrógenos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Background. Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) is a diagnostic test with relatively rare usage. In this study, we aimed to evaluate both the optimal cleaning regimen for CCE and the diagnostic value of test in the study group. Methods. A total of 62 patients were enrolled in this study. In the first step, 3 different colon preparing regimens were given to 30 patients [Group A: 3 days of liquid diet, sodium phosphate (NaP) (90 mL), and NaP enema; Group B: 3 days of liquid diet, 4 L of polyethylene glycol (PEG), and metoclopramide; Group C: 3 days of liquid diet, 4 L of PEG, NaP (45 mL), and bisacodyl after capsule ingestion] (10 patients in each group). The other consecutive 32 patients were cleaned with the best regimen which was NaP + PEG and CCE was performed. The results of CCE were controlled with colonoscopy in 28 patients. Results. Group C had the highest cleaning score, compared with the other groups (2.2 ± 0.4 versus 2.7 ± 0.4 versus 3.7 ± 0.4, p value = 0.000). The CCE findings were as follows in 28 patients who were also examined with colonoscopy: polyp (range: 5-10 mm) in 6 patients, internal hemorrhoids in 3 patients, angiodysplasia in 1 patient, diverticula in 1 patient, and ulcerative colitis in 1 patient. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of CCE were 100%, 92%, 93%, and 100%, respectively. Conclusions. Low dosage NaP combined with PEG provides optimal bowel preparation for CCE. CCE appears to be a highly sensitive diagnostic modality for detecting colonic pathologies.
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In this study a genotoxic evaluation of titanium dioxide (TiO2, 2.3 nm), zirconium oxide (ZrO2, 6 nm), aluminum oxide (Al2O3, 16.7 nm) nanoparticles (NP) and their ionic forms was conducted using human peripheral blood lymphocytes and cultured human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells by means of a modified alkaline comet assay with/without the formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg) and endonuclease III (Endo III) enzymes. Modifications to the comet assay by using lesion-specific endonucleases, such as Endo III and Fpg, detect DNA bases with oxidative damage. Both human peripheral blood lymphocytes and cultured embryonic kidney cells were incubated with TiO2, ZrO2, or Al2O3 NP at concentrations of 1, 10, or 100 µg/ml. Our results showed no significant induction in DNA damage by the comet assay with/without the Endo III and Fpg enzymes at all concentrations of ZrO2 and Al2O3. In the case of TiO2 NP only the highest concentration of 100 µg/ml significantly induced a genotoxic response. Data thus indicate that both ZrO2 and Al2O3 NP were not genotoxic in our system and in the case of TiO2 the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) for genotoxicity was 100 µg/ml. Evidence indicates that these metallic NP are considered safe in light of the fact that no genotoxicity was noted with ZrO2 and Al2O3 and that the highest TiO2 concentration is not environmentally relevant.
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Óxido de Alumínio/toxicidade , Rim/citologia , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Nanopartículas Metálicas/toxicidade , Titânio/toxicidade , Zircônio/toxicidade , Óxido de Alumínio/química , Sobrevivência Celular , Células Cultivadas , Ensaio Cometa , Humanos , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Titânio/química , Zircônio/químicaRESUMO
As in vivo system, we propose Drosophila melanogaster as a useful model for study the genotoxic risks associated with nanoparticle exposure. In this study we have carried out a genotoxic evaluation of titanium dioxide (TiO2), zirconium oxide (ZrO2) and aluminium oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles and their microparticulated forms in D. melanogaster by using the wing somatic mutation and recombination assay. This assay is based on the principle that loss of heterozygosis and the corresponding expression of the suitable recessive markers, multiple wing hairs and flare-3, can lead to the formation of mutant clones in treated larvae, which are expressed as mutant spots on the wings of adult flies. Third instar larvae were feed with TiO2, ZrO2 and Al2O3 nanoparticles, and their microparticulated forms, at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10mM. Although a certain level of aggregation/agglomeration was observed in solution, it must be noted than the constant digging activity of larvae ensures that treated medium pass constantly through the digestive tract ensuring exposure. The results showed that no significant increases in the frequency of all spots (e.g. small single, large single, twin, total mwh and total spots) were observed, indicating that these nanoparticles were not able to induce genotoxic activity in the wing spot assay of D. melanogaster. Negative data were also obtained with the microparticulated forms. This indicates that the nanoparticulated form of the selected nanomaterials does not modify the potential genotoxicity of their microparticulated versions. These in vivo results contribute to increase the genotoxicity database on the TiO2, ZrO2 and Al2O3 nanoparticles.
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Óxido de Alumínio/toxicidade , Mutagênicos/toxicidade , Nanopartículas/toxicidade , Titânio/toxicidade , Zircônio/toxicidade , Animais , Drosophila melanogaster , Testes de MutagenicidadeRESUMO
Sunflower and soybean oils were tested for genotoxicity in the Drosophila wing somatic mutation and recombination assay. Results indicate that both oils produce genotoxic effects when tested without any previous frying or boiling processes. Boiling sunflower oil during fifteen, thirty and sixty minutes significantly increased its genotoxic response; nevertheless, after frying potatoes this oil showed a significant decrease in the genotoxic activity. On the other hand, boiling and frying soybean oil in the same conditions results in a decrease of its genotoxic potential. We have also detected that the amount of total polar materials increases significantly in oils submitted to frying or boiling process. Nevertheless, in oils obtained after frying potatoes, the amount of TPM was higher than after boiling. It is suggested that this effect is probably due to the amount of non-volatile TPM, the fatty acid composition of the oils, the types of frying oil, the high frying temperature and time, and the number of boiling and frying. This is the first study reporting genotoxicity data in Drosophila for the boiling and frying of both sunflower and soybean oils.
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Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Drosophila melanogaster/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos de Plantas/toxicidade , Óleo de Soja/toxicidade , Animais , Culinária , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Mutagenicidade , Óleos de Plantas/química , Óleo de Soja/química , Óleo de GirassolRESUMO
This study identified flavonoid glycosides in species of the genus Alchemilla, A. procerrima, A. stricta, A. hirtipedicellata and A. sericata. A. procerrima is an endemic species for Turkey. After detailed investigation, flavonoid compounds of the species were identified for the first time. In this study, flavonoid compounds were determined by using two different chromatography techniques, TLC and HPLC. The following flavonoid compounds were identified from the Alchemilla species studied. They are as follows: orientin (luteolin-8-C-glucoside) Rf: 0,70, vitexin (apigenin-8-C-glucoside) Rf: 0,77 as flavone-C-glycoside, rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside) Rf: 0,44, hyperoside (quercetin-3-O-galactoside) Rf: 0,65, isoquercetin (quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside) Rf: 0,72, quercitrin (quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside) Rf: 0,84 as flavonol-O-glycoside. Three more folavonoids with Rf values of Rf1=0,36, Rf2=0,54 and Rf3=0,68 were also identified for the first time in this study. Rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside) and the flavonoid glycoside, shown as Rf2 were found in all species. Quercitrin and isoquercetin were determined in all analysed species but A. procerrima. Hyperoside was identified in all species except for A. stricta. Vitexin was determined only in A.stricta. Orientin was determined in A. procerrima and A. stricta, but could not be determined in A. sericata and A. hirtpedicellata. Unknown flavonoid with Rf1 and Rf3 were determined outside of A. sericata. Description of these compounds in Turkish Alchemilla plants for the first time should be viewed as a discovery of an important chemosystematic feature.
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Alchemilla/química , Flavonoides/análise , Glicosídeos/análise , Extratos Vegetais/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Cromatografia em Camada Fina , TurquiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis, has been used in the treatment of many diseases for thousands of years. In Turkey, it is used most commonly in the management of venous diseases of lower extremities. CASE PRESENTATION: A 25-year-old Turkish woman presented to our emergency room with bleeding from her left leg. She had been treated for varicose veins in her lower extremities with leeches about 24 hours before admission to the emergency room. The bleeding was controlled by applying pressure with sterile gauze upon the wound, and she was discharged. She returned after four hours having started bleeding again. Hemostasis was achieved by vein ligation under local anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: Leech bite should be evaluated as a special injury. Prolonged bleeding can be seen after leech bites. In such cases, hemostasis either with local pressure or ligation of the bleeding vessel is mandatory.
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Antigenotoxic effects of Citrus aurentium L. (Rutaceae) fruit peel oil (CPO) in combination with mutagenic metals and alkylating agents were studied using the wing spot test of D. melanogaster. The four reference mutagens, potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), cobalt chloride (CoCl2), ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS), and N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) were clearly genotoxic. CPO alone at doses from 0.1 to 0.5% in Tween 80 was not mutagenic and did not enhance the mutagenic effect of the reference mutagens. However, antigenotoxic effects of CPO were clearly demonstrated in chronic cotreatments with mutagens and oil, by a significant decrease in wing spots induced by all four mutagens. The D. melanogaster wing spot test was found to be a suitable assay for detecting antigenotoxic effects in vivo.