[Medical rehabilitation of children with obstructive uropathy]. / Meditsinskaya reabilitatsiya detei s obstruktivnoi uropatiei.

Obstructive uropathy in children is predominantly urinary system malformation and one of the leading causes of chronic renal failure. Antenatal ultrasound can detect obstructive uropathy in infants. It is important to conduct diagnostics not only to identify the obstruction level in urinary system, but to assess renal function, renal blood flow and urination. Children are given conservative and surgical treatment methods to restore urodynamics, prevent infectious complications, improve renal blood flow. Currently, there are no principles, approaches and technologies for medical rehabilitation of patients with obstructive uropathy, therefore, the use of selective chromotherapy, which has an activating effect on regional circulation, and sound stimulation improving muscles tone of pelvis and ureters, is pathogenetically reasonable and promising. OBJECTIVE: To develop technologies of physiotherapy application (sound stimulation, selective chromotherapy) for inclusion in comprehensive medical rehabilitation of children with megaloureter. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Clinical observations and special examinations have been performed in 90 children with megaloureter aged from 1 to 10 years. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 30 children (study group) received sound stimulation combined with selective chromotherapy; 30 children (the 1st comparison group) - sound stimulation; 30 children (the 2nd comparison group) - selective chromotherapy (blue spectrum). General clinical methods, ultrasound of kidneys and bladder with Doppler monitoring of intrarenal blood flow, functional methods of bladder examination were used. RESULTS: The positive effects of separate and combined application of sound stimulation and selective chromotherapy on clinical and laboratory indicators, urodynamics of urinary tract and renal blood flow in children with megaloureter after surgery have been revealed. The efficacy of selective chromotherapy use in children with megaloureter and comorbid neurologic bladder dysfunction has been proven. CONCLUSION: Modern technologies for the application of physiotherapy, namely selective chromotherapy and sound stimulation, to include them in the comprehensive medical rehabilitation of children with megaloureter, have been developed for the first time and their high efficacy has been proven.

Phytochemicals as Antimicrobials: Prospecting Himalayan Medicinal Plants as Source of Alternate Medicine to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance.

Among all available antimicrobials, antibiotics hold a prime position in the treatment of infectious diseases. However, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has posed a serious threat to the effectiveness of antibiotics, resulting in increased morbidity, mortality, and escalation in healthcare costs causing a global health crisis. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in global healthcare setups have accelerated the development and spread of AMR, leading to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, which further limits treatment options. This creates a critical need to explore alternative approaches to combat bacterial infections. Phytochemicals have gained attention as a potential source of alternative medicine to address the challenge of AMR. Phytochemicals are structurally and functionally diverse and have multitarget antimicrobial effects, disrupting essential cellular activities. Given the promising results of plant-based antimicrobials, coupled with the slow discovery of novel antibiotics, it has become highly imperative to explore the vast repository of phytocompounds to overcome the looming catastrophe of AMR. This review summarizes the emergence of AMR towards existing antibiotics and potent phytochemicals having antimicrobial activities, along with a comprehensive overview of 123 Himalayan medicinal plants reported to possess antimicrobial phytocompounds, thus compiling the existing information that will help researchers in the exploration of phytochemicals to combat AMR.

Clinostomum complanatum: Anthelmintic potential of curcumin on the infective progenetic metacercarial stage.

The emerging resistance against commonly used antiparasitic drugs has driven investigators to explore alternative approaches using plant-derived active ingredients. These compounds have been tested for antiviral, antibacterial, and anthelmintic properties, particularly against adult worms. However, their effects on larval forms have been neglected. Curcumin is a polyphenol that is a significant constituent of the rhizome of Curcuma longa and possesses various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-infectious, and anti-carcinogenic. In the present study, the anthelmintic potential of curcumin was tested in vitro for its efficacy against the zoonotically important larval form, the progenetic metacercariae of Clinostomum complanatum, which were procured from the forage fish, Trichogaster fasciatus. Curcumin produced time and concentration-dependent inhibition in the motility of treated metacercarial worms, with the maximum inhibition of motility reported at 60 µM along with a significant increase of (36-92%) in ROS and (57-112%) in GSH levels at the end of a period of 6 h. In contrast, curcumin at the highest concentration significantly inhibited the activities of the antioxidant and detoxification enzymes SOD (36%) and GST (16%), respectively, in addition to altering the polypeptide profile and inhibiting cysteine proteases. The tegumental surface appeared to be highly disrupted in curcumin-treated worms, exhibiting severe blebbing, shearing of the tegument, and spine erosion. Such changes would affect the tegumental functions and survival of worms in the hostile microenvironment. This would render worms more susceptible to host-mediated rejection responses. Based on the results of the present study, it is inferred that C. complanatum could serve as an excellent model for screening novel anthelmintic drugs against larval trematodes of great economic significance. Furthermore, we conclude that curcumin could be exploited as an excellent phytotherapeutic agent against the virulent larval form under investigation.

Biosynthesis, Characterization, and Augmented Anticancer Activity of ZrO2 Doped ZnO/rGO Nanocomposite.

Fabrication of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) via green process has received enormous attention for its application in biomedicine. Here, a simple and cost-effective green route is reported for the synthesis of ZrO2-doped ZnO/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites (ZnO/ZrO2/rGO NCs) exploiting ginger rhizome extract. Our aim was to improve the anticancer performance of ZnO/ZrO2/rGO NCs without toxicity to normal cells. The preparation of pure ZnO NPs, ZnO/ZrO2 NCs, and ZnO/ZrO2/rGO NCs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). XRD spectra of ZnO/ZrO2/rGO NCs exhibited two distinct sets of diffraction peaks, ZnO wurtzite structure, and ZrO2 phases (monoclinic + tetragonal). The SEM and TEM data show that ZrO2-doped ZnO particles were uniformly distributed on rGO sheets with the excellent quality of lattice fringes without alterations. PL spectra intensity and particle size of ZnO decreased after ZrO2-doping and rGO addition. DLS data demonstrated that green prepared samples show excellent colloidal stability in aqueous suspension. Biological results showed that ZnO/ZrO2/rGO NCs display around 3.5-fold higher anticancer efficacy in human lung cancer (A549) and breast cancer (MCF7) cells than ZnO NPs. A mechanistic approach suggested that the anticancer response of ZnO/ZrO2/rGO NCs was mediated via oxidative stress evident by the induction of the intracellular reactive oxygen species level and the reduction of the glutathione level. Moreover, green prepared nanostructures display good cytocompatibility in normal cell lines; human lung fibroblasts (IMR90) and breast epithelial (MCF10A) cells. However, the cytocompatibility of ZnO/ZrO2/rGO NCs in normal cells was better than those of pure ZnO NPs and ZnO/ZrO2 NCs. Augmented anticancer potential and improved cytocompatibility of ZnO/ZrO2/rGO NCs was due to ginger extract mediated beneficial synergism between ZnO, ZrO2, and rGO. This novel investigation emphasizes the significance of medicinal herb mediated ZnO-based NCs synthesis for biomedical research.

[The high-intensity pulsed magnetic therapy in the medical rehabilitation of children. (Literature review)]. / Vysokointensivnaya impul'snaya magnitoterapiya v meditsinskoi reabilitatsii detei. (Obzor literatury).

In recent decades, a promising area of physiotherapy has been intensively developed In Russia and abroad - magnetic therapy, based on the use of various types of magnetic fields for preventive, curative and rehabilitative purposes. The use of high-intensity pulsed magnetotherapy is promising. The effectiveness of the method in a number of diseases of childhood, which has an active stimulating effect on the state of the neuromuscular apparatus, has been proven.

[Medical rehabilitation for children with scoliosis]. / Meditsinskaya reabilitatsiya detei so skoliozom.

The article presents a literature review on the prevalence, relevance, social significance, and principles of medical rehabilitation of children with different types of scoliosis in scoliotic disease. The current classification, diagnostics features, and clinical course of the disease are addressed. Current approaches to the choice of medical rehabilitation methods for scoliotic disease in children are described: therapeutic exercise, hydrokinesiotherapy, massage, physiotherapeutic treatment, kinesiotaping, and corseting. Special consideration is given to postoperative management and stages of medical rehabilitation of children with scoliosis, including resort treatment.

Identification of SCAR markers for genetic authentication of Dendrobium nobile Lindl.

Dendrobium nobile Lindl. is an orcid plant with important medicinal values. This is a colourful houseplant, and also a popular herb in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The variants of this plant from different geographic regions might be high, and in this study, we aimed to develop specific sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers for the identification of specific variant of this plant. Different cultivars of D. nobile were collected from nine different places of China, and one cultivar from Myanmar. DNA materials were extracted from the plant samples, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) were developed, cloned and sequenced for the development of SCAR markers. We have developed four SCAR markers, which are specific to the cultivar from Luzhou China, and clearly distinguishable (genetically) from other cultivars. These SCAR markers are deposited in GenBank (accession number MZ417502, MZ484089, MZ417504 and MZ417505). Four SCAR markers for D. nobile are effective molecular technique to genetically identify the different cultivars or species, and this method is applicable for genetic characterization and identification of other plant species too.

Phytochemical screening, antimicrobial activity, in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of Berberis lycium Royle root bark extract.

Antioxidants are materials that scavenge or remove free radicals from living systems. The oxidation process ends in the production of free radicals. These free radicals are the chief birthplace of cancerous cells. Antioxidizing agents remove free radical intermediates by terminating oxidation processes by being oxidized themselves. On the other hand, infectious diseases affect the world on a large scale. To fight these diseases several synthetic compounds have been used. Plant based medications play important role in this regard. So, the current research aimed to investigate the antibacterial and antioxidant effect of Berberis lycium Royle root bark (BLR) extract. Berberis lycium Royle was used for phytochemical analysis and also as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the agar well diffusion method. Current study revealed that BLR was rich in phytochemicals and toxic against tested pathogenic bacteria. BLR showed the highest activity against S. pyogenes (13.3±0.8 mm). The lowest antibacterial activity was reported against E. coli (0±0 mm). In case of minimum inhibitory concentration, it was observed that BLR with 10 µg/mL concentration showed the highest activity while 2.5 µg/mL of BLR showed the least inhibitory activity. The highest In vitro antioxidant activity was recorded as 65% at 100 µg/mL. In case of in vivo antioxidant activity level of CAT, GSH and SOD were decreased while that of MDA was enhanced in groups treated with CCl4 as compared to the control group. BLR extract treatment reversed all these changes significantly. Current results indicate that BLR is effective against bacterial pathogens and also has antioxidant potential.

GCMS characterization and biological potential of the seeds and aerial part of Galium tricorne Stokes.

Natural products have long been proven very effective against various challenging diseases including cancer and bacterial infections. Galium tricorne is one of the important source of natural products, which has not been explored till date in spite of its profound ethnomedicinal prominence. The current study has been designed to explore the biological potential of G. tricorne and to extract and isolate chemical constituents from its aerial part and seeds respectively along with identification of their chemical constituents. Phytochemical screening was performed to figure out the presence of secondary metabolite in G. tricorne. Crude Methanolic extract (Gt.Crd), which was obtained from the aerial part while the fatty acids were extracted from the seeds, which were later on analyzed by GCMS. Similarly, Well Diffusion and MTT method were used for antibacterial activity and cancer cell line assay respectively. To evaluate the cytotoxic potential, brine shrimps were used. Likewise, in Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis a total number of 23 compounds were identified in Gt.Crd extract out of which 7 compounds were sorted out to have some sort of toxicity profile. In the same fashion, 5 fatty acids were identified in the seeds of G. tricorne. Moreover, among the fractions, chloroform fraction (Gt.Chf) exhibited greater zone of inhibition (ZOI) 20.37 mm followed by Gt.Crd 18.40 mm against S. aureus and S. pyogenes respectively. In cytotoxicity Gt.Chf was more active followed by ethyl acetate fraction (Gt.Eta) by exhibiting 88.32±0.62% (LC50=60 µg/mL) and 73.95±2.25% (LC50=80 µg/mL) respectively at 1000 µg/mL concentration of the tested sample. Gt.Chf exhibited greater cell line inhibitory activity (IC50=61 µg/mL) against HeLa cell line. Similarly, Gt.Crd displayed IC50 values of 167.84 µg/mL and 175.46 µg/mL against HeLa and NIH/3T3 cell line respectively. Based on the literature review and screenings, it may be concluded that the aerial part and seeds of G. tricorne are the rich sources of bioactive compounds. The results of the current study also authenticate the scientific background for the ethnomedicinal uses of G. tricorne.

Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of a methanolic extract of Debregeasia salicifolia in Alloxan-induced diabetic albino mice.

Diabetes mellitus (DM), an endocrine syndrome characterized by high blood glucose levels due to abrogated insulin activity. The existing treatments for DM have side effects and varying degrees of efficacy. Therefore, it is paramount that novel approaches be developed to enhance the management of DM. Therapeutic plants have been accredited as having comparatively high efficacy with fewer adverse effects. The current study aims to elucidate the phytochemical profile, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-diabetic effects of methanolic extract D. salicifolia (leaves) in Alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Alloxan was injected intraperitoneally (150 mg kg-1, b.w), to induced diabetes in mice. The mice were divided into three groups (n=10). Group 1 (normal control) received normal food and purified water, Group II (diabetic control) received regular feed and clean water and group III (diabetic treated) received a methanolic extract of the plant (300 mg kg-1) for 28 days with a typical diet and clean water throughout the experiment. Blood samples were collected to checked serum glucose and concentration of LDL, TC, TG. The extract demonstrated significant antihyperglycemic activity (P<0.05), whereas improvements in mice's body weight and lipid profiles were observed after treatment with the extract. This study establishes that the extract has high efficacy with comparatively less toxicity that can be used for DM management.

Effect of postpartum collection time and colostrum quality on passive transfer of immunity, performance, and small intestinal development in preweaning calves.

This study evaluated the effects of postpartum collection time and quality of colostrum fed to calves on the failure of passive transfer, growth, and small intestine development in the first 5 wk of life. Newborn calves (Holstein-Friesian × Jersey) were identified at birth and collected either early (E; within 12 h postpartum; n = 20) or late (L; 18-24 h postpartum; n = 20) and fed either high-quality colostrum [HQC, first milking colostrum with Brix% = 23 ± standard deviation (SD) 2] or low-quality colostrum (LQC, mixed colostrum and transition milk with Brix% = 12 ± 1) to create 4 treatments: E-HQC, E-LQC, L-HQC, and L-LQC (n = 10/treatment). After collection, calves (body weight = 32.3 ± 4.6 kg/calf) were fed either HQC or LQC (7.5% of their arrival body weight per feed) for the first 3 (L calves) or 4 feedings (E calves). All calves were then managed and fed similarly using automatic feeders which recorded individual intake of milk replacer and calf starter. Blood samples were taken at d 1 (after collection from dams but before colostrum feeding), 4, 14, and 35 of age to analyze selected metabolites. All calves were killed at d 35 ± 2 of age and histomorphology of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum was evaluated. At collection, 75% of E calves and 58% of L calves had serum total protein ≤52 g/L. At d 4 of age, calves fed HQC had greater serum total protein than calves fed LQC; however, failure of passive transfer (serum total protein ≤52 g/L) incidence did not differ between HQC and LQC. Collection time did not affect the scouring duration, but the amount of electrolyte used to treat sick calves was lower in L versus E calves, whereas feeding HQC versus LQC lowered both the scouring duration and electrolyte use to treat sick calves. Calves fed HQC had a greater total surface area of the duodenum (+23%) and jejunum (+17%) compared with LQC calves. Duodenal crypts were deeper in E-LQC calves than E-HQC and L-HQC calves, whereas L-LQC calves were intermediate. Villus height to crypt depth ratio in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum was greater in HQC than LQC calves. A trend toward greater average daily gain was observed in HQC versus LQC calves (667 vs. 590 g/d) but the average daily gain was not influenced by collection time. Serum IGF-1 at d 4 was higher in HQC versus LQC calves and this might have contributed to greater average daily gain and small intestine development. Calves fed HQC had higher feed conversion ratios (FCR; total body weight gain/total dry matter intake) compared with LQC calves, and L calves had higher FCR compared with E calves. In conclusion, in comparison to feeding LQC, feeding HQC reduced the scouring duration, enhanced surface area of duodenum and jejunum, and improved FCR during the first 5 wk of calf age. Postpartum collection time of calves did not affect small intestine development, but L calves had higher FCR and required a lesser volume of electrolytes to treat scours compared with E calves during the first 35 d of life.

Effects of physical forms of starter and milk allowance on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites of Holstein dairy calves.

A 2 × 2 factorial study was conducted to evaluate the effects of milk allowance and physical forms of starter on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites of Holstein dairy calves. A total of 48 calves [40.4 ± 1.55 kg of body weight (BW), n = 12 per treatment: 6 males and 6 females] were randomly assigned to 1 of the 4 treatments: (1) calves fed low milk allowance and finely ground (FG) starter feed [low-FG; 1.47 ± 2.12-mm geometric mean particle size (GMLP)], (2) calves fed low milk allowance and textured (TS) starter feed [low-TS, includes steam-flaked grains (corn and barley) with a pelleted supplement, GMLP 4.15 ± 1.77 mm], (3) calves fed high milk allowance and FG starter feed (high-FG); and (4) calves fed high milk allowance and TS starter feed (high-TS). The starter diets were blended with 7% of chopped alfalfa hay as a proportion of diet dry matter (DM). No milk refusal was observed in any treatments, and calves on both treatments were weaned from milk by wk 8 of the study using a gradual weaning procedure. We observed no interaction between milk allowance and physical forms of starter on feed intake, average daily gain, feed efficiency, BW, and structural growth. Calves fed high milk allowance had lower starter feed intake but greater feed efficiency and overall BW compared with those fed low allowance. Total DM intake and average daily gain were not different among treatments. Regardless of the physical form of starter feed, hip height, heart girth, the molar proportion of ruminal acetate, acetate to propionate ratio, plasma cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein were greater, but ruminal total volatile fatty acids, the molar proportion of propionate, and plasma ß-hydroxybutyrate were lower in calves fed high milk allowance compared with those fed low allowance. Regardless of the milk allowance, calves fed the FG starter feeds had greater blood urea nitrogen concentrations compared with calves fed the TS starter diets. In conclusion, both forms of the starter feeds can be used when calves are fed high milk allowance with no negative effect on their performance.

Evaluation of chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effect of Artemisia vulgaris extract against diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis in Balb C mice / Avaliação dos efeitos quimiopreventivo e quimioterápico do extrato de Artemisia vulgaris contra carcinogênese hepatocelular induzida por dietilnitrosamina em camundongos Balb C

The main objective of current study was to investigate the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity of Artemisia vulgaris extract on diethylnitrosoamine induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Balb C mice. Diethylnitrosoamine (DEN: 0.9%) was prepared to induce hepatocarcinoma in Balb C mice. The extract Artemisia vulgaris (AV) was prepared by maceration technique. Mice were classified into four groups as follows: Group 1 a control group (N=7) received saline solution (3.5 l/mg), group 2 (N=14) received diethylnitrosoamine (3.5 l/mg) intraperitoneally once in a week for eight consecutive weeks, group 3 (N=7) received only plant extract (AV: 150 mg/kg (Body weight) once in a week, while group 4 (N=7) was given in combination of diethylnitrosoamine (3.5 l/mg) and plant extract (AV: 150 mg/kg (body weight). After eight weeks of DEN administration, mice of group 2 were divided into two subgroups containing seven mice each; subgroup 1 was sacrificed while subgroup 2 was treated with plant extract only (150 mg/kg (body weight)) once in a week for eight consecutive weeks. The DEN injected mice significant decline in levels of albumin with concomitant significant elevations such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alpha feto protein, gamma glutamyl transferase, 5 nucleotidase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and bilirubin. The administration of A. vulgaris significantly decreased the DEN induced hepatotoxicity. Present study revealed the potential anti-cancerous nature of Artemisia vulgaris, both in case of chemopreventive and post-treatment of A. vulgaris. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanism of prevention and therapy.

O objetivo principal do presente estudo foi investigar as atividades quimiopreventiva e quimioterápica do extrato de Artemisia vulgaris em hepatocarcinogênese induzida por dietilnitrosoamina (DEN) em camundongos Balb C. Dietilnitrosoamina (DEN: 0,9%) foi preparada para induzir hepatocarcinoma em camundongos da linhagem Balb C. O extrato de A. vulgaris (AV) foi preparado pela técnica de maceração. Os camundongos foram classificados em quatro grupos conforme os seguintes: grupo 1, grupo controle (N=7) recebeu solução salina (3,5 µl/mg); grupo 2 (N=14) recebeu dietilnitrosoamina (3,5 µl/mg) por via intraperitoneal uma vez por semana durante oito semanas consecutivas; grupo 3 (N=7) recebeu apenas o extrato vegetal (AV: 150 mg/kg (peso corporal) uma vez por semana; enquanto no grupo 4 (N=7) foi administrado uma combinação de dietilnitrosoamina (3,5 l/mg) com extrato vegetal (AV: 150 mg/kg (peso corporal). Após oito semanas de administração de DEN, os camundongos do grupo 2 foram divididos em dois subgrupos, contendo sete camundongos cada um; no subgrupo 1, os animais foram sacrificados, enquanto no subgrupo 2, os animais foram tratados apenas com extrato vegetal (150 mg/kg (peso corporal)) uma vez por semana durante oito semanas consecutivas. Os camundongos nos quais foram injetados DEN apresentaram declínio significativo nos níveis de albumina, mas elevações significativas concomitantes de: aspartato aminotransferase, alanina aminotransferase, lactato desidrogenase, alfa-fetoproteína, gama-glutamiltransferase, 5 nucleotidase, glicose-6-fosfato desidrogenase e bilirrubina. A administração de A. vulgaris diminuiu significativamente a hepatotoxicidade induzida pelo DEN. O presente estudo apresentou a potencialidade anticancerosa da A. vulgaris, tanto nos casos de quimioprevenção quanto no pós-tratamento da A. vulgaris. Mais estudos são necessários para explorar o mecanismo de prevenção e a terapia.

Evaluation of chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effect of Artemisia vulgaris extract against diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis in Balb C mice / Avaliação dos efeitos quimiopreventivo e quimioterápico do extrato de Artemisia vulgaris contra carcinogênese hepatocelular induzida por dietilnitrosamina em camundongos Balb C

Abstract The main objective of current study was to investigate the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity of Artemisia vulgaris extract on diethylnitrosoamine induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Balb C mice. Diethylnitrosoamine (DEN: 0.9%) was prepared to induce hepatocarcinoma in Balb C mice. The extract Artemisia vulgaris (AV) was prepared by maceration technique. Mice were classified into four groups as follows: Group 1 a control group (N=7) received saline solution (3.5 μl/mg), group 2 (N=14) received diethylnitrosoamine (3.5 μl/mg) intraperitoneally once in a week for eight consecutive weeks, group 3 (N=7) received only plant extract (AV: 150 mg/kg (Body weight) once in a week, while group 4 (N=7) was given in combination of diethylnitrosoamine (3.5 μl/mg) and plant extract (AV: 150 mg/kg (body weight). After eight weeks of DEN administration, mice of group 2 were divided into two subgroups containing seven mice each; subgroup 1 was sacrificed while subgroup 2 was treated with plant extract only (150 mg/kg (body weight)) once in a week for eight consecutive weeks. The DEN injected mice significant decline in levels of albumin with concomitant significant elevations such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alpha feto protein, gamma glutamyl transferase, 5 nucleotidase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and bilirubin. The administration of A. vulgaris significantly decreased the DEN induced hepatotoxicity. Present study revealed the potential anti-cancerous nature of Artemisia vulgaris, both in case of chemopreventive and post-treatment of A. vulgaris. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanism of prevention and therapy.

Resumo O objetivo principal do presente estudo foi investigar as atividades quimiopreventiva e quimioterápica do extrato de Artemisia vulgaris em hepatocarcinogênese induzida por dietilnitrosoamina (DEN) em camundongos Balb C. Dietilnitrosoamina (DEN: 0,9%) foi preparada para induzir hepatocarcinoma em camundongos da linhagem Balb C. O extrato de A. vulgaris (AV) foi preparado pela técnica de maceração. Os camundongos foram classificados em quatro grupos conforme os seguintes: grupo 1, grupo controle (N=7) recebeu solução salina (3,5 µl/mg); grupo 2 (N=14) recebeu dietilnitrosoamina (3,5 µl/mg) por via intraperitoneal uma vez por semana durante oito semanas consecutivas; grupo 3 (N=7) recebeu apenas o extrato vegetal (AV: 150 mg/kg (peso corporal) uma vez por semana; enquanto no grupo 4 (N=7) foi administrado uma combinação de dietilnitrosoamina (3,5 μl/mg) com extrato vegetal (AV: 150 mg/kg (peso corporal). Após oito semanas de administração de DEN, os camundongos do grupo 2 foram divididos em dois subgrupos, contendo sete camundongos cada um; no subgrupo 1, os animais foram sacrificados, enquanto no subgrupo 2, os animais foram tratados apenas com extrato vegetal (150 mg/kg (peso corporal)) uma vez por semana durante oito semanas consecutivas. Os camundongos nos quais foram injetados DEN apresentaram declínio significativo nos níveis de albumina, mas elevações significativas concomitantes de: aspartato aminotransferase, alanina aminotransferase, lactato desidrogenase, alfa-fetoproteína, gama-glutamiltransferase, 5' nucleotidase, glicose-6-fosfato desidrogenase e bilirrubina. A administração de A. vulgaris diminuiu significativamente a hepatotoxicidade induzida pelo DEN. O presente estudo apresentou a potencialidade anticancerosa da A. vulgaris, tanto nos casos de quimioprevenção quanto no pós-tratamento da A. vulgaris. Mais estudos são necessários para explorar o mecanismo de prevenção e a terapia.

[To the question of the possibility of using selective chromotherapy for allergic diseases in children]. / K voprosu o vozmozhnosti primeneniya selektivnoi khromoterapii pri allergicheskikh zabolevaniyakh u detei.

Allergic diseases are a common pathology in childhood. In the comprehensive medical rehabilitation of children with allergic pathology, non-drug methods of treatment are widely used, which help to reduce the number of drugs used, achieve and prolong the remission of the disease, favorably affect the clinical and functional indicators. THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Is the scientific justification for the use of selective chromotherapy in children with bronchial asthma (BA) and atopic dermatitis (AD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 120 children with allergic diseases (BA and AD). Among 100 patients with BA, the main group included 50 children, who received exposure to monochromatic polarized green light on biologically active zones for 10 days, 50 - a comparison group that did not receive physiotherapy. The main group of children with AD included 10 patients who received selective blue chromotherapy for foci of skin lesions; the comparison group included 10 children who used only moisturizers without physiotherapy methods. In order to assess the effectiveness of the impact of physical factors in all patients, clinical and functional studies were conducted in the dynamics before and after treatment. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The results of clinical and functional examinations showed high therapeutic efficacy of the use of monochromatic polarized green light in children with BA (92.0%). The effectiveness of treating children with blood pressure AD using monochromatic polarized light (blue) was 80%. Indications for the use of selective chromotherapy in children with allergic diseases have been developed. For children with BA, selective chromotherapy of the green spectrum is indicated in the presence of a mild to moderate course of the disease, a period of incomplete remission, and an increased level of anxiety. It is advisable to prescribe selective chromotherapy of the blue spectrum to children with a moderate and mild course of AD. CONCLUSION: The positive effect of selective chromotherapy of the green spectrum on the clinical course of BA in children, bronchial patency, the functional state of the central nervous system and its autonomic part, and the psychoemotional status of children have been identified. The use of selective blue spectrum chromotherapy in children with AD helps to decrease the severity of objective symptoms, reduce the intensity of itching and sleep disturbance, as well as a marked decrease in the area of skin lesion.

Effect of arginine or glutamine supplementation and milk feeding allowance on small intestine development in calves.

The development of the small intestine (SI) is important for the health and growth of neonatal calves. This study evaluated the effect of arginine (Arg) and glutamine (Gln) supplementation and 2 levels of milk allowance on the histomorphological development of the SI in preweaning calves. Sixty mixed-sex Friesian × Jersey calves (3-5 d of age) were offered reconstituted whole milk (125 g/L, 26% fat, 26% protein) at either high (20% of arrival body weight/d; HM) or low (10% of arrival body weight/d; LM) milk allowance without (Ctrl) or with supplementary Arg or Gln (at 1% of milk dry matter) in a 2 × 3 factorial design (n = 10/treatment). After 35 d on the diets, all calves were slaughtered to collect tissues for examination of SI development. Calves in the HM group had higher milk intake, total weight gain, and average daily gain compared with LM calves, but no effect of AA supplementation nor an interaction between milk allowance and AA supplementation was observed. For the duodenum, we observed an AA by milk allowance interaction for villus height and width, and goblet cell number per villus (HM-Arg > HM-Gln > HM-Ctrl), and villus height to crypt depth ratio (HM-Arg > HM-Gln = HM-Ctrl), but no effect of AA supplementation in the LM group. Goblet cell numbers per 100 µm of SI were greater in Arg-supplemented calves than in unsupplemented controls, with Gln-supplemented calves intermediate to but not different from the other groups. Epithelium thickness was greater in LM than in HM calves. Villus density, crypt depth, and muscle thickness did not differ between groups. For the jejunum, there was an AA by milk allowance interaction for villus height, villus surface area, and villus height to crypt depth ratio (HM-Arg = HM-Gln > HM-Ctrl), with no effect of AA supplementation in the LM groups. Amino acid supplementation affected goblet cell number per villus (HM-Gln > HM-Ctrl calves, HM-Arg intermediate), and both LM-Arg and LM-Gln calves had greater numbers than LM-Ctrl calves. Villus width, crypt depth, and muscle thickness were greater in HM than LM calves but there was no effect of AA supplementation. Villus density, goblet cell number per 100 µm of SI, and epithelium thickness were unaffected by AA supplementation and milk allowance. Milk allowance and AA supplementation had no effect on SI morphology in the ileum. Increasing milk allowance improved villus height, width, and surface area but only in Arg- or Gln-supplemented calves, not in control calves. The observed changes in development may be important for intestinal functionality, integrity, and barrier function in preweaning calves, potentially through increased cell growth and proliferation or reduced levels of cellular atrophy.

Evaluation of chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effect of Artemisia vulgaris extract against diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis in Balb C mice.

The main objective of current study was to investigate the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity of Artemisia vulgaris extract on diethylnitrosoamine induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Balb C mice. Diethylnitrosoamine (DEN: 0.9%) was prepared to induce hepatocarcinoma in Balb C mice. The extract Artemisia vulgaris (AV) was prepared by maceration technique. Mice were classified into four groups as follows: Group 1 a control group (N=7) received saline solution (3.5 µl/mg), group 2 (N=14) received diethylnitrosoamine (3.5 µl/mg) intraperitoneally once in a week for eight consecutive weeks, group 3 (N=7) received only plant extract (AV: 150 mg/kg (Body weight) once in a week, while group 4 (N=7) was given in combination of diethylnitrosoamine (3.5 µl/mg) and plant extract (AV: 150 mg/kg (body weight). After eight weeks of DEN administration, mice of group 2 were divided into two subgroups containing seven mice each; subgroup 1 was sacrificed while subgroup 2 was treated with plant extract only (150 mg/kg (body weight)) once in a week for eight consecutive weeks. The DEN injected mice significant decline in levels of albumin with concomitant significant elevations such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alpha feto protein, gamma glutamyl transferase, 5 nucleotidase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and bilirubin. The administration of A. vulgaris significantly decreased the DEN induced hepatotoxicity. Present study revealed the potential anti-cancerous nature of Artemisia vulgaris, both in case of chemopreventive and post-treatment of A. vulgaris. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanism of prevention and therapy.

Generation of oxidative stress and induction of apoptotic like events in curcumin and thymoquinone treated adult Fasciola gigantica worms.

Fasciolosis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the liver fluke Fasciola gigantica. The absence of successful vaccine and emerging resistance in flukes against the drug of choice, triclabendazole, has necessitated the search for alternatives including phyto-therapeutic approaches. Curcumin and thymoquinone, the active ingredients of Curcuma longa and Nigella sativa plants respectively, were first screened for their binding affinity with Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) molecule through in silico molecular docking followed by in vitro treatment of worms with varying concentrations of the test compounds. The in silico molecular docking of curcumin and thymoquinone with sigma GST revealed strong hydrogen bonding as well as hydrophobic interactions with high fitness scores but showing inter-specific differences. The in vitro treatment of F. gigantica worms with both curcumin and thymoquinone resulted in a significant increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) whereas the level of reduced glutathione, a primary redox regulator, was found to be significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The two compounds not only inhibited the GST activity, which is an important detoxification enzyme and also a key drug/vaccine target for the control of fasciolosis but also significantly inhibited the activity of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase that are vital in maintenance of redox homeostasis. The immunohistochemistry performed using anti sigma GST polyclonal antibodies revealed that both the compounds used in the present study significantly reduced immunofluorescence in the vitellaria, developing eggs present in the ovary and the intestinal caecae indicating inhibition of GST enzyme in these regions of the worms. Further, following treatment with curcumin and thymoquinone, chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation was also observed in F. gigantica worms. In conclusion, both curcumin and thymoquinone generated oxidative stress in the worms by production of ROS and significantly inhibiting their antioxidant and detoxification ability. The oxidative stress along with induction of apoptotic like events would compromise the survival ability of worms within the host. However, further studies are required to establish their anthelmintic potential alone and in combination with the commonly used anthelmintic drugs under in vivo conditions.

In vivo induction of hepatocellular carcinoma by diethylnitrosoamine and pharmacological intervention in Balb C mice using Bergenia ciliata extracts / Indução in vivo de carcinoma hepatocelular por dietilnitrosoamina e intervenção farmacológica em camundongos balb c usando extratos de Bergenia ciliata

Abstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most frequent primary malignancy of liver and accounts for as many as one million deaths worldwide in a year. Objectives The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-cancerous efficiency of Bergenia ciliata rhizome against diethylnitrosoamine induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Balb C mice. Methods One percent diethylnitrosoamine was prepared by using 99 ml of normal saline NaCl (0.9 percent) solution to which was added 1 ml of concentrated diethylnitrosoamine (DEN) solution (0.01 μg/μl). Extract of Bergenia ciliata was prepared by maceration technique. Mice were classified into four groups as follows: Group 1 a control group (N=7) received saline solution (3.5 μl/mg), group 2 (N=14) received diethylnitrosoamine (3.5 μl/mg) intraperitoneally once in a week for eight consecutive weeks, group 3 (N=7) received plant extract (150 mg/kg (Body weight)) once in a week, while group 4 (N=7) was given combination of diethylnitrosoamine (3.5 μl/mg) and plant extract (150 mg/kg (Body weight)). After eight weeks of DEN induction group 2 mice were divided into two subgroups containing seven mice each, subgroup 1 was sacrificed while subgroup 2 was treated with plant extract (150 mg/kg (Body weight)) once in a week for eight consecutive weeks. Results The model of DEN injected hepatocellular carcinomic (HCC) mice elicited significant decline in levels of albumin with concomitant significant elevations in tumor markers aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha feto protein (AFP), gamma glutamyl transferase (Y-GT), 5 nucleotidase (5NT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and bilirubin. The intraperitoneal administration of B. ciliata as a protective agent, produced significant increase in albumin levels with significant decrease in the levels of tumor markers aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha feto protein (AFP), gamma glutamyl transferase (Y-GT), 5 nucleotidase (5NT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and bilirubin. Conclusion Bergenia ciliata has potent antioxidant activity, radical scavenging capacity and anticancerous properties. Bergenia ciliata extracts may provide a basis for development of anti-cancerous drug.

Resumo Antecedentes O carcinoma hepatocelular é a neoplasia primária mais frequente do fígado e é responsável por até um milhão de mortes em todo o mundo em um ano. Objetivos O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a eficiência anticancerígena do rizoma de Bergenia ciliata contra a hepatocarcinogênese induzida por dietilnitrosoamina em camundongos balb c. Métodos Um por cento de dietilnitrosoamina foi preparado usando 99 ml de solução salina normal (0,9 por cento) à qual foi adicionado 1 ml de solução concentrada de dietilnitrosoamina (DEN) (0,01 μg / μl). O extrato de Bergenia ciliata foi preparado pela técnica de maceração. Os ratos foram classificados em quatro grupos: Grupo 1 grupo controle (N = 7) recebeu solução salina (3,5 mL / mg), grupo 2 (N = 14) recebeu dietilnitrosoamina (3,5 mL / mg) por via intraperitoneal uma vez por semana para oito semanas consecutivas, o grupo 3 (N = 7) recebeu extrato vegetal (150 mg / kg (peso corporal)) uma vez por semana, enquanto o grupo 4 (N = 7) recebeu combinação de dietilnitrosoamina (3,5 μl / mg) e extrato (150 mg / kg (peso corporal). Após oito semanas do grupo de indução DEN 2 ratos foram divididos em dois subgrupos contendo sete ratos cada, subgrupo 1 foi sacrificado enquanto subgrupo 2 foi tratado com extrato vegetal (150 mg / kg)) uma vez por semana durante oito semanas consecutivas. Resultados O modelo de camundongos hepatocelulares carcinômicos (CHC) injetados com DEN provocou declínio significativo nos níveis de albumina com elevações significativas concomitantes nos marcadores tumorais: aspartato aminotransferase, alanina aminotransferase (ALT), lactato desidrogenase (LDH), proteína alfa feto (AFP), gama glutamiltransferase (Y-GT), 5 nucleotidase (5NT), glicose-6-fosfato ehidrogenase (G6PDH) e bilirrubina. A administração intraperitoneal de B. ciliata como agente protetor produziu um aumento significativo nos níveis de albumina com uma diminuição significativa nos níveis dos marcadores tumorais: aspartato aminotransferase, alanina aminotransferase (ALT), lactato desidrogenase (LDH), proteína alfa feto (AFP), gama glutamiltransferase (Y-GT), 5 nucleotidase (5NT), glicose-6-fosfato desidrogenase (G6PDH) e bilirrubina. Conclusão Bergenia ciliata possui atividade antioxidante potente, capacidade de eliminação de radicais livres e propriedades anticancerígenas. Extratos de Bergenia ciliata podem fornecer uma base para o desenvolvimento de drogas anti-cancerígenas.

In vivo induction of hepatocellular carcinoma by diethylnitrosoamine and pharmacological intervention in Balb C mice using Bergenia ciliata extracts.

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most frequent primary malignancy of liver and accounts for as many as one million deaths worldwide in a year. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-cancerous efficiency of Bergenia ciliata rhizome against diethylnitrosoamine induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Balb C mice. METHODS: One percent diethylnitrosoamine was prepared by using 99 ml of normal saline NaCl (0.9 percent) solution to which was added 1 ml of concentrated diethylnitrosoamine (DEN) solution (0.01 µg/µl). Extract of Bergenia ciliata was prepared by maceration technique. Mice were classified into four groups as follows: Group 1 a control group (N=7) received saline solution (3.5 µl/mg), group 2 (N=14) received diethylnitrosoamine (3.5 µl/mg) intraperitoneally once in a week for eight consecutive weeks, group 3 (N=7) received plant extract (150 mg/kg (Body weight)) once in a week, while group 4 (N=7) was given combination of diethylnitrosoamine (3.5 µl/mg) and plant extract (150 mg/kg (Body weight)). After eight weeks of DEN induction group 2 mice were divided into two subgroups containing seven mice each, subgroup 1 was sacrificed while subgroup 2 was treated with plant extract (150 mg/kg (Body weight)) once in a week for eight consecutive weeks. RESULTS: The model of DEN injected hepatocellular carcinomic (HCC) mice elicited significant decline in levels of albumin with concomitant significant elevations in tumor markers aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha feto protein (AFP), gamma glutamyl transferase (Y-GT), 5 nucleotidase (5NT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and bilirubin. The intraperitoneal administration of B. ciliata as a protective agent, produced significant increase in albumin levels with significant decrease in the levels of tumor markers aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha feto protein (AFP), gamma glutamyl transferase (Y-GT), 5 nucleotidase (5NT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and bilirubin. CONCLUSION: Bergenia ciliata has potent antioxidant activity, radical scavenging capacity and anticancerous properties. Bergenia ciliata extracts may provide a basis for development of anti-cancerous drug.