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1.
Curr Issues Mol Biol ; 46(2): 1485-1502, 2024 Feb 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38392214

RESUMO

Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common type of dementia after Alzheimer's disease. In our previous studies, we showed that wheat bran extract (WBE) reduced white matter damage in a rat VaD model and improved memory in a human clinical trial. However, starch gelatinization made the large-scale preparation of WBE difficult. To simplify the manufacturing process and increase efficacy, we attempted to find a decoction containing an optimum ratio of wheat bran, sliced citrus peel, and sliced jujube (WCJ). To find an optimal ratio, the cell survival of C6 (rat glioma) cultured under hypoxic conditions (1% O2) was measured, and apoptosis was assessed. To confirm the efficacies of the optimized WCJ for VaD, pupillary light reflex, white matter damage, and the activation of astrocytes and microglia were assessed in a rat model of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) causing chronic hypoperfusion. Using a combination of both searching the literature and cell survival experiments, we chose 6:2:1 as the optimal ratio of wheat bran to sliced citrus peel to sliced jujube to prepare WCJ. We showed that phytic acid contained only in wheat bran can be used as an indicator component for the quality control of WCJ. We observed in vitro that the WCJ treatment improved cell survival by reducing apoptosis through an increase in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. In the BCCAO experiments, the WCJ-supplemented diet prevented astrocytic and microglial activation, mitigated myelin damage in the corpus callosum and optic tract, and, consequently, improved pupillary light reflex at dosages over 100 mg/kg/day. The results suggest that the consumption of WCJ can prevent VaD by reducing white matter damage, and WCJ can be developed as a safe, herbal medicine to prevent VaD.

2.
Int J Mol Sci ; 23(3)2022 Jan 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35162958

RESUMO

The development of nerve conduits with a three-dimensional porous structure has attracted great attention as they closely mimic the major features of the natural extracellular matrix of the nerve tissue. As low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as signaling molecules to promote cell proliferation and growth, this study aimed to fabricate protoporphyrin IX (PpIX)-immobilized cellulose (CEPP) monoliths as a means to both guide and stimulate nerve regeneration. CEPP monoliths can be fabricated via a simple thermally induced phase separation method and surface modification. The improved nerve tissue regeneration of CEPP monoliths was achieved by the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, such as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs). The resulting CEPP monoliths exhibited interconnected microporous structures and uniform morphology. The results of in vitro bioactivity assays demonstrated that the CEPP monoliths with under 0.54 ± 0.07 µmol/g PpIX exhibited enhanced photodynamic activity on Schwann cells via the generation of low levels of ROS. This photodynamic activation of the CEPP monoliths is a cell-safe process to stimulate cell proliferation without cytotoxic side effects. In addition, the protein expression of phospho-ERK increased considerably after the laser irradiation on the CEPP monoliths with low content of PpIX. Therefore, the CEPP monoliths have a potential application in nerve tissue regeneration as new nerve conduits.


Assuntos
Celulose/química , MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular/metabolismo , Protoporfirinas/farmacologia , Células de Schwann/citologia , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos da radiação , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos da radiação , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Regeneração Nervosa , Tecido Nervoso/química , Fosforilação , Protoporfirinas/química , Ratos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Células de Schwann/efeitos dos fármacos , Células de Schwann/metabolismo , Células de Schwann/efeitos da radiação
3.
J Endourol ; 35(2): 159-164, 2021 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32731753

RESUMO

Objectives: Although there is no comparison study about the learning curves for holmium laser enucleation and other surgical modalities to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), beginner urologists are hesitant to perform holmium laser enucleation because of its steep learning curve. Therefore, we investigated the degree of surgical difficulty of holmium laser enucleation by comparing its learning curve with that of transurethral resection. Patients and Methods: Two beginner urologists performed surgery for BPH: H.J.Y. performed holmium laser enucleation and K.H.K. performed transurethral resection. Of 141 patients, 72 were enrolled in the holmium laser enucleation group and 69 in the transurethral prostate resection group. After retrospectively reviewing medical records, we performed a cumulative sum analysis of resection speed (RS) and resected ratio (RR) to compare the learning curves of holmium laser enucleation and transurethral resection. Results: Both surgeons achieved RS competency with a speed <0.13 g/min. The surgeon who performed holmium laser enucleation achieved RR competency with a ratio <0.40, whereas the surgeon who performed transurethral resection achieved competency with a ratio <0.35. To achieve RS competency of 0.13 g/mL, the holmium laser enucleation and transurethral resection groups required 12 and 23 cases, respectively. To achieve RR competency of 0.35, the holmium laser enucleation and transurethral resection groups required 12 and 5 cases, respectively. Conclusions: Holmium laser enucleation is not a difficult procedure compared with transurethral resection in beginner urologists. Therefore, it is unnecessary to avoid holmium laser enucleation because the concerns that it may be difficult are unfounded.


Assuntos
Terapia a Laser , Lasers de Estado Sólido , Hiperplasia Prostática , Ressecção Transuretral da Próstata , Hólmio , Humanos , Lasers de Estado Sólido/uso terapêutico , Curva de Aprendizado , Masculino , Próstata , Hiperplasia Prostática/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Urologistas
4.
Fish Shellfish Immunol ; 23(5): 1043-59, 2007 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17574439

RESUMO

Complementary DNAs encoding copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD; SOD1) and manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD; SOD2) were isolated from disk abalone, Haliotis discus discus. The open reading frame sequences of Cu/Zn- and Mn-SODs encoded 154 and 226 amino acids, respectively. Multiple sequence alignments using the deduced amino acid sequences revealed that both abalone SODs showed considerable sequence similarities with their orthologues from diverse aerobic organisms, in which the amino acid residues forming metal ligands were highly conserved. All phylogenetic trees for both SOD genes inferred from maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses presented the monophyletic status of Teleostei and Aves/Tetrapoda clades, and recovered relatively close genetic affiliation of H. discus discus with some molluscan species. Expression of both SODs at mRNA levels were highly modulated in various tissues (gill, muscle and hepatopancreas from juveniles, and haemocytes from adults) by experimental exposures to heavy metals (copper, zinc and cadmium) and also by thermal treatments (elevation of temperature). The mRNA levels of both SODs were increased in general during the metal or thermal treatments; however, the transcriptional responses of SOD genes were quite variable depending upon isoforms and tissues based on semi-quantitative and/or real-time RT-PCR assays.


Assuntos
Gastrópodes , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica , Temperatura Alta , Metais Pesados/farmacologia , Superóxido Dismutase/genética , Poluentes Químicos da Água/farmacologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Gastrópodes/efeitos dos fármacos , Gastrópodes/enzimologia , Gastrópodes/genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Hemócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Hemócitos/enzimologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Alinhamento de Sequência , Superóxido Dismutase/química
5.
Mar Biotechnol (NY) ; 7(4): 350-62, 2005.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15976934

RESUMO

Novel metallothionein (MT) complementary DNA and genomic sequences were isolated from a cartilaginous shark species, Scyliorhinus torazame. The full-length open reading frame (ORF) of shark MT cDNA encoded 68 amino acids with a high cysteine content (29%). The genomic ORF sequence (932 bp) of shark MT isolated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) comprised 3 exons with 2 interventing introns. Shark MT sequence shared many conserved features with other vertebrate MTs: overall amino acid identities of shark MT ranged from 47% to 57% with fish MTs, and 41% to 62% with mammalian MTs. However, in addition to these conserved characteristics, shark MT sequence exhibited some unique characteristics. It contained 4 extra amino acids (Lys-Ala-Gly-Arg) at the end of the beta-domain, which have not been reported in any other vertebrate MTs. The last amino acid residue at the C-terminus was Ser, which also has not been reported in fish and mammalian MTs. The MT messenger RNA levels in shark liver and kidney, assessed by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase PCR and RNA blot hybridization, were significantly affected by experimental exposures to heavy metals (cadmium, copper, and zinc). Generally, the transcriptional activation of shark MT gene was dependent on the dose (0-10 mg/kg body weight for injection and 0-20 microM for immersion) and duration (1-10 days); zinc was a more potent inducer than copper and cadmium.


Assuntos
Expressão Gênica , Metalotioneína/genética , Metalotioneína/metabolismo , Filogenia , Tubarões/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Clonagem Molecular , Análise por Conglomerados , Biblioteca Gênica , Metais Pesados/metabolismo , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Tubarões/metabolismo
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