[The role of optimal nutrition in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases].

A balanced diet has always been part of a set of preventive measures with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The aim of the research is to present relevant international data on the role of nutrients in reducing the risk of CVD. Results. This article discusses current data on the effect of consumption of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, trans fats, cholesterol, dietary fiber, protein, edible salt potassium, magnesium and vitamins on the state of the cardiovascular system and the prevention of CVD. Recommendations on optimal nutrition are given to reduce cardiovascular risks, including those according to the new 3rd edition of the Guide to Cardiovascular Medicine (The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 3 edn). Conclusion. When managing patients with cardiovascular diseases, it is necessary not only to take into account international nutritional recommendations, but also to focus the patient's attention on how to comply with them.

[The possibilities for the restoration of the laryngeal function: the current state-of-the-art]. / Vozmozhnosti vosstanovleniia funktsii gortani: sovremennyi podkhod.

The restoration of the functional competence of the larynx following bilateral laryngeal nerve damage and vocal fold paralysis is a serious challenge for the surgeon that has thus far no satisfactory solution. Physiological re-innervation that occurs naturally with time is non-selective and, in the majority of the cases, leads to synkinesis. Laryngeal pacing achieved with the application of the implantable microchips appears to be a promising approach. The animal experiments have demonstrated the possibility of successful restoration of all the functions of the larynx by means of laryngeal pacing but simultaneously revealed a number of technical issues that have to be addressed if the further progress in this field is to be achieved including the choice of the proper materials for implantation, solution of problems pertaining to the neuromuscular mapping during pacer implantation, etc.). The results of the first prospective clinical trial involving the human patients gave evidence suggesting that the laryngeal electrostimulation technology is both safe and efficient. Nevertheless, further investigations and modification of the method are needed before it can be recommended for the wider application in the routine clinical practice.

[Dietary fiber content of diets of the Don Basin population]. / Soderzhanie pishchevykh volokon v ratsionakh pitaniia naseleniia Donbassa.

It has been demonstrated that the total content of food fibers in the daily diet of the Donbas population diets amounts to 24.0-26.3 g (cellulose 5.9-6.7 g, pectin 2.0-2.7 g, hemicellulose 16.1-16.9 g). Baked goods account for the major part of hemicellulose (about 85%) and 1/3 of cellulose. Potato and vegetables (fruit) account for half of pectin and 1/3 of cellulose. The daily requirement of cellulose and pectin was satisfied by about 1/3, which is accounted for by a high relative significance of refined products (about 60% of the diet caloric value).