RESUMO
Peucedanum japonicum Thunberg (PJT) has been used in traditional medicine to treat colds, coughs, fevers, and other inflammatory diseases. The goal of this study was to investigate whether 3'-isovaleryl-4'-senecioylkhellactone (IVSK) from PJT has anti-inflammatory effects on lung epithelial cells. The anti-inflammatory effects of IVSK were evaluated using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated A549 cells and regular human lung epithelial cells as a reference. IVSK reduced the secretion of the inflammatory mediators interleukin (IL)-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and the mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and IL-1ß. Additionally, it inhibited the phosphorylation of IκB kinase (IKK), p65, Iκ-Bα, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) p38, JNK, and ERK in A549 cells stimulated with PMA. Moreover, the binding affinity of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was significantly reduced in the luciferase assay, while nuclear translocation was markedly inhibited by IVSK in the immunocytochemistry. These findings indicate that IVSK can protect against inflammation through the AP-1 and NF-κB pathway and could possibly be used as a lead compound for the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Apiaceae/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Ésteres de Forbol/farmacologia , Células A549/efeitos dos fármacos , Citocinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Quinase I-kappa B/metabolismo , Inflamação , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta , Interleucina-8 , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição AP-1/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismoRESUMO
Ethnopharmacological Relevance. Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Lagerstroemia ovalifolia Teijsm. & Binn. (LO) has traditionally been used as an herbal medicine for anti-inflammatory diseases. The effect of LO on atopic dermatitis has not been verified scientifically. We investigated the effects of CHCl3 fraction number 5 of LO (LOC) on atopic dermatitis through cell-based experiments. HaCaT cells were treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα)/interferon-gamma (IFNγ) to induce an inflammatory reaction. Proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-8, and IL-1ß and chemokines such as thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1/CCL2), and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22) were measured by RT-PCR and ELISA. In addition, the degree of phosphorylation and activation of JAK/STAT1, PI3K/AKT, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were measured by western blot and luciferase assays. The production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and activation of the JAK/STAT1, PI3K/AKT, and NF-κB pathways were induced by TNFα/IFNγ in HaCaT cells. Under these conditions, LOC treatment inhibited the production of targeted cytokines and chemokines and decreased the phosphorylation and activation of JAK/STAT1, PI3K/AKT, and NF-κB. These results suggest that LOC reduces the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines by suppressing the JAK/STAT1, PI3K/AKT, and NF-κB pathways. Therefore, LOC may have potential as a drug for atopic dermatitis.
RESUMO
Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai (P. pyrifolia) has been traditionally used in East Asia to treat diseases such as phlegm, cough, hangover, and fever. However, there is no investigation that evaluates the biological activities of the leaves of P. pyrifolia. This study aims at describing the anti-inflammatory effects of PP, a bioactive fraction from the leaves of P. pyrifolia, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated THP-1 cells. Initially, PP decreased the protein and RNA expression of TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-8, and IL-6 induced by LPS. Moreover, PP attenuated the phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and ERK. In addition, after stimulation with LPS, the degradation of IκB-α was suppressed by PP, and the phosphorylation of IκB-α and p65 was suppressed by PP. Additionally, PP increased HO-1, which controls the production of inflammatory molecules, by activating Nrf2. These results indicated that PP could be used as an anti-inflammatory drug to promote wellness.
RESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Callicarpa japonica Thunb., as an herbal medicine has been used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases in China and Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ultra performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UPLC-PDA-QTof MS) was used to detect the major phenylethanoid glycosides in the C. japonica extract. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally sensitized by ovalbumin (OVA) (on days 0 and 7) and challenged by OVA aerosol (on days 11-13) to induce airway inflammatory response. The mice were also administered with C. japonica Thunb. (CJT) (20 and 40 mg/kg Per oral) on days 9-13. CJT pretreatment was conducted in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated A549 cells. RESULTS: CJT administration significantly reduced the secretion of Th2 cytokines, TNF-α, IL-6, immunoglobulin E (IgE) and histamine, and the recruitment of eosinophils in an OVA-exposed mice. In histological analyses, the amelioration of inflammatory cell influx and mucus secretion were observed with CJT. The OVA-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), iNOS expression and NF-κB activation were effectively suppressed by CJT administration. In addition, CJT led to the upregulation of HO-1 expression. In an in vitro study, CJT pretreatment suppressed the LPS-induced TNF-α secretion in RAW264.7 cells and attenuated the PMA-induced IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 secretion in A549 cells. These effects were accompanied by downregulated NF-κB phosphorylation and by upregulated HO-1 expression. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that CJT has protective activity against OVA-induced airway inflammation via downregulation of NF-κB activation and upregulation of HO-1, suggesting that CJT has preventive potential for the development of allergic asthma.
Assuntos
Antiasmáticos/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Asma/prevenção & controle , Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica/prevenção & controle , Callicarpa , Heme Oxigenase-1/metabolismo , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Células A549 , Animais , Antiasmáticos/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Asma/induzido quimicamente , Asma/enzimologia , Asma/fisiopatologia , Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica/induzido quimicamente , Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica/enzimologia , Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica/fisiopatologia , Broncoconstrição/efeitos dos fármacos , Callicarpa/química , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Humanos , Pulmão/enzimologia , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Ovalbumina , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Células RAW 264.7 , Transdução de Sinais , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Daphne pseudomezereum var. koreana Hamaya is distributed in the Gangwon-do of South Korea and is traditionally used to treat chronic inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. AIM OF THE STUDY: We investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of biflavonoid-rich fraction (BF) obtained from an extract of D. pseudomezereum leaves on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Neochamaejasmin B (NB) and chamaejasmin D (CD) were spectroscopically characterized as major components of BF obtained from the leaves of D. pseudomezereum. RAW264.7 cells pretreated with NB, CD and BF and activated by LPS (500 ng/ml) were used to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of these materials in vitro. To evaluate the protective effect of BF on allergic asthma, female BALB/c mice were sensitized to OVA by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection and treated with BF by oral administration (15 or 30 mg/kg). RESULTS: Pretreatment with BF inhibited LPS-stimulated nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α and IL-6, and led to upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in RAW264.7 macrophages. Orally administered BF significantly inhibited the recruitment of eosinophils and the production of IL-5, IL-6, IL-13 and MCP-1 as judged by the analysis of BALF from OVA-induced asthma animal model. BF also decreased the levels of IgE in the serum of asthmatic mice. BF suppressed the influx of inflammatory cells into nearby airways and the hypersecretion of mucus by the airway epithelium of asthmatic mice. In addition, the increase in Penh in asthmatic mice was reduced by BF administration. Furthermore, BF led to Nrf2 activation and HO-1 induction in the lungs of mice. CONCLUSIONS: These data have shown the anti-asthmatic effects of BF, and therefore we expect that BF may be a potential candidate as a natural drug/nutraceutical for the prevention and treatment of allergic asthma.
Assuntos
Antiasmáticos/farmacologia , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Biflavonoides/farmacologia , Daphne/química , Animais , Antiasmáticos/administração & dosagem , Antiasmáticos/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Asma/fisiopatologia , Biflavonoides/administração & dosagem , Biflavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/patologia , Lipopolissacarídeos , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Ovalbumina , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Células RAW 264.7RESUMO
A number of species of the genus Trichilia (Meliaceae) exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effect of Trichilia martiana C. DC. (TM) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation has not, to the best of our knowledge, yet been determined. Therefore, in the present study, the antiinflammatory effect of TM on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages was evaluated. The ethanol extract of TM (TMEE) significantly inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin 2 (PGE2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). TMEE also reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1ß and IL-6. The upregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and NF-κB activation was revealed to be downregulated following TMEE pretreatment. Furthermore, TMEE was indicated to lead to the nucleus translocation of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). In H292 airway epithelial cells, the pretreatment of TMEE significantly downregulated the production of LPS-stimulated IL-1ß, and TMEE was indicated to increase the expression of HO-1. In animal models exhibiting LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI), treatment with TMEE reduced the levels of macrophages influx and TNF-α production in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of ALI mice. Additionally, TMEE significantly downregulated the activation of ERK, JNK and IκB, and upregulated the expression of HO-1 in the lungs of ALI mice. In conclusion, the results of the current study demonstrated that TMEE could exert a regulatory role in the prevention or treatment of the endotoxin-mediated inflammatory response.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Lipopolissacarídeos/efeitos adversos , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Meliaceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/induzido quimicamente , Animais , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2 , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Heme Oxigenase-1 , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Interleucina-1beta , Interleucina-6 , Pulmão , Lesão Pulmonar/induzido quimicamente , Lesão Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/metabolismo , Prostaglandinas , Células RAW 264.7 , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
Among the most critical needs of natural product chemistry is a complete library of pure reference substances. Some khellactone-type isomers of pharmacological importance are either still lacking reference substances or references are only available in limited amounts. To address this need, a recycling high-performance liquid chromatography (R-HPLC) strategy was adopted to improve the isomer separation efficiency from Peucedanum japonicum. Under the optimal isolation conditions, we obtained isomerically pure substances, particularly khellactone coumarins with different substituent groups. Isolated compounds attained purities greater than 98% as determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-charged aerosol detector (UPLC-CAD) and photodiode array (PDA). The structures of these compounds were identified according to their mass patterns and 2D NMR spectra. The proposed methods of single-column recycling obtained the same amount of product as conventional systems while being simple, increasing efficiency and reducing cost.
Assuntos
Apiaceae/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Animais , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/normas , Cumarínicos/análise , Cumarínicos/química , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/normas , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Raízes de Plantas/química , Células RAW 264.7RESUMO
Pistacia weinmannifolia (Anacardiaceae) has been used in herbal medicine for the treatment of influenza, dysentery and enteritis in China. It was recently observed that P. weinmannifolia root extract (PWRE) exerts antiinflammatory effects both in in vitro and in vivo models. Based on the results from previous studies, the present study investigated the protective effect of PWRE on airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion. Treatment with PWRE significantly decreased the number of eosinophils and the levels of Th2 cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)4, IL5 and IL13, in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of OVAexposed mice. PWRE decreased the high serum levels of total and OVAspecific immunoglobulin E. PWRE also effectively inhibited the influx of inflammatory cells into the lung, as well as airway mucus hypersecretion. In addition, the increased level of monocyte chemoattractant protein1 was significantly decreased with the PWRE treatment in the BALF of OVAexposed mice and in lipopolysaccharidestimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. These protective effects of PWRE on OVAinduced pulmonary inflammation were accompanied by the downregulation of mitogen associated protein kinases and nuclear factorκB activation. Thus, the results from the present study indicate that PWRE could be valuable adjuvant for the treatment of asthma.
Assuntos
Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Pistacia/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Pneumonia/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Antiasmáticos/farmacologia , Asma/induzido quimicamente , Asma/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/patologia , Camundongos , NF-kappa B/genética , Ovalbumina/toxicidade , Extratos Vegetais/química , Raízes de Plantas/química , Pneumonia/induzido quimicamente , Pneumonia/patologia , Células RAW 264.7RESUMO
Broussonetia papyrifera has been used as a diuretic, tonic and suppressor of edema. Bioactivity-guided fractionation and metabolite investigation of root bark extracts of this plant resulted in the isolation and identification of six 1,3-diphenylpropanes (1, 2, 8, 10, 17, 20), flavanone (3), two chalcones (4, 5), five flavans (6, 11, 14-16), dihydroflavonol (7) and five flavonols (9, 12, 13, 18, 19), including five new compounds (5, 7, 8, 19, 20) that inhibit NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. The structures of compounds 1-20 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data (1D and 2D NMR, MS, MS/MS, and HRMS). In particular, compounds 3, 5, 7, 12, and 20 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the NO, iNOS, and pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α and IL-6) production. Therefore, this study suggests that the flavonoid-rich products of B. papyrifera, including the new compounds, could be valuable candidates for the development of pharmaceuticals or functional foods in the prevention and treatment of anti-inflammatory disease.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Broussonetia/química , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Casca de Planta/química , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/genética , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Flavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Interleucina-6/antagonistas & inibidores , Lipopolissacarídeos , Medicina Tradicional Coreana , Camundongos , Estrutura Molecular , Óxido Nítrico/antagonistas & inibidores , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/genética , Células RAW 264.7 , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
Cedrela odorata L. is a native plant of the Amazon region. The bark is used in folk remedies for the treatment of diarrhea, vomiting, fever and inflammation. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disease accompanied by itching. It is a complex disease involving environmental factors and genetic factors. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects of C. odorata L. methanol extract (COEE) on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ-stimulated HaCaT keratinocyte cells were investigated. ELISA and RT-PCR analysis revealed that the extract had anti-inflammatory effects, and reduced the interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 levels of the HaCaT cells. In addition, COEE exhibited anti-allergic effects, comprising a reduction in the thymus and activation-regulated chemokine and macrophage-derived chemokine levels. In addition, pathway analysis and comparison with Bay11-7082 indicated that these effects are due to the inhibition of nuclear factor (NF)-κB in TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced HaCaT cells. Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that COEE has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties in TNF-α and IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells, which are associated with the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines via the NF-κB pathway.
RESUMO
Pistacia weinmannifolia (PW) has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat headaches, dysentery, enteritis and influenza. However, PW has not been known for treating respiratory inflammatory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The present in vitro analysis confirmed that PW root extract (PWRE) exerts antiinflammatory effects in phorbol myristate acetate or tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)stimulated human lung epithelial NCIH292 cells by attenuating the expression of interleukin (IL)8, IL6 and Mucin A5 (MUC5AC), which are closely associated with the pulmonary inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of COPD. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of PWRE on pulmonary inflammation induced by cigarette smoke (CS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Treatment with PWRE significantly reduced the quantity of neutrophils and the levels of inflammatory molecules and toxic molecules, including tumor TNFα, IL6, IL8, monocyte chemoattractant protein1, neutrophil elastase and reactive oxygen species, in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of mice with CS and LPSinduced pulmonary inflammation. PWRE also attenuated the influx of inflammatory cells in the lung tissues. Furthermore, PWRE downregulated the activation of nuclear factorκB and the expression of phosphodiesterase 4 in the lung tissues. Therefore, these findings suggest that PWRE may be a valuable adjuvant treatment for COPD.
Assuntos
Interleucina-8/biossíntese , Lipopolissacarídeos/efeitos adversos , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Pistacia/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Pneumonia Bacteriana/etiologia , Pneumonia Bacteriana/metabolismo , Fumaça/efeitos adversos , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/imunologia , Camundongos , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/química , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/farmacologiaRESUMO
Physalis peruviana L. (PP) is well known for its various properties, including its antioxidant property. In our previous study, the protective effects of PP against cigarette smokeinduced airway inflammation were confirmed. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the antiinflammatory effect of PP against ovalbumin (OVA)induced airway inflammation. Treatment with PP inhibited the numbers of eosinophils and the levels of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)4, IL5 and IL13, in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of animal models with OVAinduced allergic asthma. PP also significantly decreased the production of total immunoglobulin E in the serum. Lung sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin revealed that the influx of inflammatory cells was decreased in the lungs of mice treated with PP compared with cells in the OVA group. The increased expression levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein1 (MCP1) and T cell marker KEN5 were also reduced following PP treatment in the lung tissues compared with those in the OVA group. The PAS staining results showed that PP attenuated the overproduction of mucus in the lung. Additionally, western blot analysis revealed that PP significantly downregulated the activation of nuclear factorκB/p38 mitogenactivated protein kinase/cJun Nterminal kinase, and upregulated the expression of heme oxgenase1 in the lungs. In an in vitro experiment, PP effectively reduced the levels of LPSstimulated MCP1 in a concentrationdependent manner. Taken together, these results indicate that PP has considerable potential in the treatment of allergic asthma.
Assuntos
Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Pulmão/patologia , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Physalis/química , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Animais , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/citologia , Contagem de Células , Quimiocina CCL2/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Regulação para Baixo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Eosinófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Eosinófilos/patologia , Feminino , Heme Oxigenase (Desciclizante)/metabolismo , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Inflamação/sangue , Inflamação/patologia , Proteínas Quinases JNK Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Pulmão/metabolismo , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Muco/metabolismo , Ovalbumina , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Células RAW 264.7 , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismoRESUMO
Rhododendron album Blume (RA) has traditionally been used as an herbal medicine and is considered to have antiinflammatory properties. It is a wellknown medicine for treatment of allergic or atopic diseases. In the present study, the biological effects of an RA methanol extract (RAME) on inflammation were investigated in tumor necrosis factorα (TNFα)/interferonγ (IFNγ)stimulated human keratinocytes. The present study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms by which RAME inhibited TNFα/IFNγinduced expression of chemokines [thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and macrophagederived chemokine (MDC)] and cytokines [interleukin (IL)6 and IL8] through the nuclear factorκB (NFκB) pathway in human keratinocytes. The effects of RAME treatment on cell viability were investigated in TNFα/IFNγstimulated HaCaT cells. The expression of TARC, MDC, IL6 and IL8 was assessed using reverse transcriptionquantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis or ELISA, and its effect on the inhibitory mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway was also studied using western blot analysis. TNFα/IFNγ induced the expression of IL6, IL8, TARC and MDC in a dosedependent manner through NFκB and Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) activation. Notably, treatment with RAME significantly suppressed TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced expression of IL6, IL8, TARC, and MDC. In addition, RAME treatment inhibited the activation of NFκB and the JAK/STAT pathway in TNFα/IFNγinduced HaCaT cells. These results suggest that RAME decreases the production of chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines by suppressing the NFκB and the JAK/STAT pathways. Consequently, RAME may potentially be used for treatment of atopic dermatitis.
Assuntos
Interferon gama/farmacologia , Queratinócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Queratinócitos/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Rhododendron/química , Fatores de Transcrição STAT/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Extratos Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
Castanea extracts are known to have antioxidant properties and are used as a traditional medicine in China and Asia. However, the biological activity of Castanea seguinii Dode has remained to be fully elucidated. The present study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of a Castanea seguinii Dode methanolic extract (CSME) on lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells. CSME inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of inducible NO synthase. It also suppressed the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines inteleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein 1. In addition, CSME inhibited nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, while also downregulating transcription factor activator protein-1. Furthermore, CSME increased heme oxygenase 1 through the upregulation of NF (erythroid-derived 2)-like-2 (Nrf-2), which directly or indirectly affects inflammation. It also increased the phosphorylation of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In conclusion, CSME was demonstrated to exert its anti-inflammatory activities through the inhibition of the NF-κB and the MAPK signaling pathways, as well as the activation of Nrf-2 and AMPK. These results indicated that CSME may be a promising for development as a commercial anti-inflammatory medicine.
Assuntos
Fagaceae/química , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Quinases Proteína-Quinases Ativadas por AMP , Animais , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Heme Oxigenase-1/genética , Humanos , Inflamação/genética , Inflamação/patologia , Camundongos , Quinases de Proteína Quinase Ativadas por Mitógeno/genética , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/genética , Extratos Vegetais/química , Proteínas Quinases/genética , Células RAW 264.7 , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Dipterocarpus obtusifolius has been traditionally used as a herbal medicine and is considered to have anticancer properties. The biological activity of D. obtusifolius in inflammation and the underlying mechanisms of its activity remain to be elucidated. The present study investigated the effects of D. obtusifolius methanolic extract (DOME) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)stimulated inflammation in RAW264.7 cells. The effects of DOME on the production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2 and proinflammatory cytokines were assessed by ELISA, western blot analysis and reverse transcriptionquantitative polymerase chain reaction. It was demonstrated that expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase2, interleukin1ß and tumor necrosis factorα was suppressed by DOME in LPSstimulated cells. Furthermore, treatment with DOME suppressed phosphorylation of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) molecules, including extracellular signalregulated kinase, cJun Nterminal kinase and p38 MAPK. Translocation of the nuclear factorκB p65 subunit into the nucleus was additionally inhibited by DOME. Phosphorylation of MAPK promoter activity was inhibited by treatment with DOME, PD98059, SB202190 and SP600125. These results demonstrated that DOME inhibits LPSinduced inflammatory responses. Therefore, DOME may be a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Inflamação/etiologia , Inflamação/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/efeitos adversos , Macrófagos/imunologia , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Células RAW 264.7RESUMO
Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) leaf has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of neem leaf extract (NLE) against cigarette smoke (CS)- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary inflammation. Treatment with NLE significantly attenuated the infiltration of inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils and macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). NLE also reduced the production of reactive oxygen species and the activity of neutrophil elastase in BALF. Moreover, NLE attenuated the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 in BALF. NLE inhibited the recruitment of inflammatory cells and the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in the lungs of mice with CS- and LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation. NLE also decreased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the lungs of the mice CS- and LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation. Furthermore, treatment with NLE significantly attenuated the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in the lungs mice exposed to CS and LPS. NLE also inhibited the phosphorylation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) in the lungs of mice expose to CS and LPS. These findings thus suggest that NLE has potential for use in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Assuntos
Azadirachta/química , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Pneumonia/tratamento farmacológico , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/química , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Interleucina-6/genética , Lipopolissacarídeos/toxicidade , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/patologia , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Pneumonia/induzido quimicamente , Pneumonia/genética , Pneumonia/patologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/genética , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/patologia , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genéticaRESUMO
Acanthopanax gracilistylus (AGS) has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. 3OßDglucopyranosyl 3α, 11αdihydroxylup20(29)en28oic acid, acantrifoside A, acankoreoside D, acankoreoside B and acankoreoside A are major lupanetype triterpenoid saponins derived from AGS. In the present study, these five saponins were isolated from AGS by chromatography and their antiinflammatory activities were investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)treated RAW264.7 macrophages. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, interleukin (IL)1ß and NFκB p65 were measured by ELISA. The gene expression levels of TNFα and IL1ß was detected by reversetranscription polymerase chain reaction. And highmobility group box 1 (HMGB1) were analyzed by western blotting. The results demonstrated that these five saponins signiï¬cantly suppressed LPSinduced expression of TNFα and IL1ß at the mRNA and protein level in RAW264.7 cells. Further analysis revealed that acankoreoside A and acankoreoside B were able to reduce the secretion of HMGB1 and NFκB activity induced by LPS in RAW264.7 macrophages. Taken together, these results suggested that the antiinflammatory activity of AGSderived saponins may be associated with the downregulation of TNFα and IL1ß, and the 'latephase' proinflammatory cytokine HMGB1, via negative regulation of the NFκB pathway in RAW264.7 cells.
Assuntos
Proteína HMGB1/biossíntese , Interleucina-1beta/biossíntese , Lipopolissacarídeos/imunologia , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/fisiologia , Saponinas/farmacologia , Triterpenos/farmacologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/biossíntese , Animais , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Camundongos , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Células RAW 264.7 , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genéticaRESUMO
Physalis peruviana L. (PP) is a medicinal herb that has been confirmed to have several biological activities, including anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of PP on cigarette smoke (CS)- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary inflammation. Treatment with PP significantly reduced the influx of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung of mice with CS- and LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation. PP also decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the BALF. PP effectively attenuated the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in the lung. In addition, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression were increased by PP treatment. In an in vitro experiment, PP reduced the mRNA expression of TNF-α and MCP-1, and the activation of ERK in CS extract-stimulated A549 epithelial cells. Furthermore, PP increased the activation of Nrf2 and the expression of HO-1 in A549 cells. These findings suggest that PP has a therapeutic potential for the treatment of pulmonary inflammatory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Assuntos
MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular/metabolismo , Heme Oxigenase-1/metabolismo , Inflamação/etiologia , Inflamação/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/efeitos adversos , Physalis/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Animais , Biomarcadores , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/citologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Quimiocina CCL2/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Heme Oxigenase-1/genética , Humanos , Inflamação/patologia , Mediadores da Inflamação , Leucócitos/metabolismo , Leucócitos/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Infiltração de Neutrófilos , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/patologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Mucosa Respiratória/metabolismo , Doenças Respiratórias/etiologia , Doenças Respiratórias/metabolismo , Doenças Respiratórias/patologiaRESUMO
We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of 3α-hydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-23, 28-dioic acid (HLEDA)-a lupane-type triterpene isolated from leaves of Acanthopanax gracilistylus W. W.Smith (AGS), as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. Our results demonstrated that HLEDA concentration-dependently reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO), signiï¬cantly suppressed LPS-induced expression of TNF-α and IL-1ß at the mRNA and protein levels in RAW264.7 cells. Further analysis revealed that HLEDA could reduce the secretion of High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1). Additionally, the results showed that HLEDA efficiently decreased nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activation by inhibiting the degradation and phosphorylation of IκBα. These results suggest that HLEDA exerts anti-inflammatory properties in LPS-induced macrophages, possibly through inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway, which mediates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These results warrant further studies that would concern candidate therapy for diseases, such as fulminant hepatitis and rheumatology of triterpenoids in AGS.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Proteína HMGB1/antagonistas & inibidores , Interleucina-1beta/antagonistas & inibidores , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Triterpenos/farmacologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Linhagem Celular , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Eleutherococcus , Expressão Gênica , Proteína HMGB1/genética , Proteína HMGB1/metabolismo , Inflamação , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/antagonistas & inibidores , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Macrófagos/citologia , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Inibidor de NF-kappaB alfa/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidor de NF-kappaB alfa/genética , Inibidor de NF-kappaB alfa/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/antagonistas & inibidores , Óxido Nítrico/biossíntese , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Triterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: A standardized bark extract of Pinus pinaster Aiton (Pycnogenol®; PYC) used as an herbal medicine to treat various diseases in Europe and North America. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study evaluates the ability of PYC to inhibit chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-stimulated human airway epithelial cell line NCI-H292 and in a cigarette smoke (CS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse model. METHODS: To induce COPD, the mice intranasally received LPS on day 4 and were exposed to CS for 1h per day (total eight cigarettes per day) from days 1-7. The mice were administered PYC at a dose of 15mg/kg and 30mg/kg 1h before CS exposure. RESULTS: In the CSE-stimulated NCI-H292 cells, PYC significantly inhibited Erk phosphorylation, sp1 expression, MUC5AC, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in a concentration-dependent manner, as evidenced by a reduction in their mRNA levels. Co-treatment with PYC and Erk inhibitors markedly reduced the levels inflammatory mediators compared to only PYC-treatment. In the COPD mice model, PYC decreased the inflammatory cell count and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid compared with COPD mice. PYC attenuated the recruitment of inflammatory cells in the airways and decreased the expression levels of Erk phosphorylation and sp1. PYC also inhibited the expression of myeloperoxidase and matrix metalloproteinases-9 in lung tissue. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that PYC inhibited the reduction in the inflammatory response in CSE-stimulated NCI-H292 cells and the COPD mouse model via the Erk-sp1 pathway. Therefore, we suggest that PYC has the potential to treat COPD.