Phytochemical Profile and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Fraction from Artemisia lavandulaefolia.

Artemisia lavandulaefolia, a traditional herbal medicine, has been utilized as anti-inflammatory and analgesia agent in clinic. Bioassay-guided fractionation resulted in a fraction (ALDF) with anti-inflammatory effect obtained from A. lavandulaefolia. Its main constituents were analyzed and identified by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS technology. ALDF showed the strong inhibitory activity on the nitrogen oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages with an IC50 value of 1.64±0.41 µg/mL. Further results displayed that ALDF also significantly suppressed the secretion of key pro-inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), and the increase of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression induced by LPS stimulation. Mechanism study indicated that ALDF was able to block NF-κB signaling pathway through inhibiting IκB and p65 phosphorylation, as well as NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. Furthermore, in vivo results in mice revealed that treatments with ALDF evoked significant inhibition on ear edema induced by xylene and on the writhing responses induced by acetic acid. These results suggest that ALDF holds great potential in the prevention and treatment of inflammatory disorders.

Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Eudesmane-Type Sesquiterpenoids from Artemisia argyi.

Six new eudesmane-type sesquiterpene derivatives, artemargyinins A-F were isolated from the leaves of Artemisia argyi. Their structures were elucidated based on the extensive analysis of spectroscopic data. Artemargyinins A-F feature a lactone ring-opening eudesmane-type sesquiterpene with an isoprenoid group at C(8). All compounds were tested for their inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 macrophages. Artemargyinins A-F showed more potent NO production inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging from 7.66±0.53 to 61.19±2.54 µM than the positive control quercetin (IC50 =74.34±1.39 µM). Among them, artemargyinins C and D exhibited strong inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 8.08±0.21 and 7.66±0.53 µM, respectively.

Discussion on Use of Pinelliae Rhizoma Processed Products in Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

There are 17 formulas containing Pinelliae Rhizoma in the Catalogue of Ancient Famous Classical Formulas (the First Batch), most of which are only labeled with " washing with decoction" or without any processing method, which is inconsistent with the current use requirements and brings confusion to research and development of related famous classical formulas. Through combing the records of famous classical formulas in the original book, contemporary works and later works, the usage of processed products of Pinelliae Rhizoma in the evolution of past dynasties was contrasted, and the efficacy, indications and compatibility significance of different formulas were analyzed, according to the principle of " respecting the ancient but not confining the ancient" , the authors suggested that the 17 famous classical formulas should use the processed products of Pinelliae Rhizoma in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, including Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine and Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Alumine. Among them, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine should be used in Banxia Xiexintang, Gancao Xiexintang, Huangliantang, Xuanfu Daizhe Tang, Zhuye Shigaotang, Banxia Houpotang, Maimendong Tang, Gualou Xiebai Banxiatang, Wendantang, Zhurutang, Jinshui Liujun Jian and Yangweitang, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum should be used in Shengyang Yiweitang, Houpo Mahuangtang, Banxia Baizhu Tianma Tang and Huopo Xialing Tang, and Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Alumine should be used in Sangbaipi Tang.

Textual Research and Suggestions on Dosage of Pinelliae Rhizoma in Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Pinelliae Rhizoma is a toxic traditional Chinese medicine, and its dose differs greatly between at ancient and modern times, so that it is difficult for researchers to determine its dosage during research and development of famous classical formulas. According to the literature research, it is found that the dose of Pinelliae Rhizoma in famous classical formulas has undergone a process from large to small. Based on the principle of " following the classic and conforming to pharmacopoeia" , and in combination with the modern actual situation, the reasonable dose of Pinelliae Rhizoma in the 17 formulas from the Catalogue of Ancient Famous Classical Formulas (The First Batch) is determined. According to the records of the original book, the evolution of past dynasties and the consideration of the current clinical application, dosage regimen and administration methods of the 17 famous classical formulas and so on, the authors suggested that the dosages of Pinelliae Rhizoma in Banxia Houpotang and Maimendong Tang are 15.0 g, its dosages in Wendantang and Sangbaipi Tang are 6.0 g, dosages of Pinelliae Rhizoma in Xuanfu Daizhe Tang, Zhuye Shigaotang, Banxia Xiexintang, Gancao Xiexintang, Huangliantang, Gualou Xiebai Banxiatang, Houpo Mahuangtang and Jinshui Liujunjian are 7.5 g, the dosages of Pinelliae Rhizoma in Zhurutang, Shengyang Yiweitang and Yangweitang are 6.7, 4.5, 5.0 g, respectively, dosages of Pinelliae Rhizoma in Banxia Baizhu Tianma Tang and Huopo Xialing Tang are 5.6 g.

Analysis of Banxia Houpo Tang Based on Ancient Literatures / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Banxia Houpo Tang is widely used in modern clinics with definite curative effect. It is one of the classic famous prescriptions in the Catalogue of Ancient Classic Famous Recipes（First Batch） published by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM） in 2018. Using bibliometrics methods，collect relevant literatures of Banxia Houpo Tang in ancient medical books，analyze and verify the origin，historical evolution，composition，prescription，function，dosage，artillery，preparation method and decoction method of prescription. A total of 259 related ancient literature data were obtained，involving 107 TCM books. The inductive analysis found that Banxia Houpo Tang originated from ZHANG Zhong-jing's Synopsis of the Golden Chamberin the Han dynasty and consisted of the five flavors of Pinelliae Rhizoma，Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex，Poria，Perillae Folium and Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens. Houpo Tang，Qiqi Tang，Siqi Tang，Daqiqi Tang and other synonyms have appeared in the records of medical records of all dynasties. The prescription composition，preparation method and decoction method are used by later generations of medical practitioners. The analysis of related prescriptions is also rarely disputed. The dosage of drugs used in Banxia Houpo Tang can be calculated as 1g or 3 g. The drug processing method is different from the original one. Pinelliae Rhizoma should choose Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Zingibere et Alumine and Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex as "Jianghoupu". The rest of the drug processing methods respect the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The cardiology of its treatment has also been extended and expanded. In addition to the symptoms of "burning in the pharynx" recorded by the original party，this side can also be used for heart diseases such as heartache，chest tightness，sorrow，vomiting，choking noisy and other spleen and stomach disease syndrome and spermatorrhea，turbidity，scorching and other lower coke disease syndrome.

Sesquiterpene Lactones with COX-2 Inhibition Activity from Artemisia lavandulaefolia.

Two new sesquiterpene lactones, artelavanolides A (1) and B (2), and four known sesquiterpene lactones (3 - 6) were isolated from the leaves of Artemisia lavandulaefolia. Their structures were elucidated based on the analysis of spectroscopic data (1D, 2D-NMR and HR-ESI-MS). The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by the analysis of single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. Artelavanolide A (1) is a rare sesquiterpene lactone possessing an unusual skeleton with the linkage of Me(14)-C(1) that is probably formed through a rearrangement of the guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids. Artelavanolide B (2) is a new highly unsaturated guaianolide. Compounds 1 - 6 were tested for activities on the inhibition of COX-2 enzyme in vitro. All of compounds exhibited inhibitory activity against COX-2 with IC50 values ranging from 43.29 to 287.07 µm compared with the positive control, celecoxib (IC50 = 18.10 µm). Among them, 3 showed the best COX-2 inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 43.29 µm.

[Chemical constituents of C-glycosylflavones from Mimosa pudica].

AIM: To study chemical constituents of Mimosa pudica of Hainan province. METHODS: The constituents were separated and purified by column chromatography with macroporous adsorption resin Diaion HP-20, Sephadex LH-20, Toyopearl HW-40, MCI Gel CHP-20, RP-18 and normal phase silica gel. Their structures were identified on the basis of physical and spectral data. RESULTS: Four compounds were isolated and identified as: 7, 8, 3', 4'-tetrahydroxyl-6-C-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl flavone (I); 5, 7, 4'-trihydroxyl-8-C-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-( --> 2)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl flavone (II); 5, 7, 3', 4'-tetrahydroxyl-6-C-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl flavone (III); catcher (IV). CONCLUSION: Compound I is a new compound and componuds II - IV were isolated from this plant for the first time.