RESUMO
Ibn Sina (often known by his last name in Latin, Avicenna; 980-1037 A.D.) was the most famous physician and philosopher of his time. His Canon of Medicine, one of the most famous books in the history of medicine, surveyed the entire medical knowledge available from ancient and Muslim sources and provided his own contributions. In this article the authors present a unique picture of the neurosurgical technique of Ibn Sina and briefly summarize his life and work.
Assuntos
Medicina Arábica/história , Médicos/história , História Medieval , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico) , Neurologia/história , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos/história , Obras Médicas de ReferênciaRESUMO
The Currarino triad is a hereditary transmitted syndrome, originally defined by Currarino as ASP-association, consisting of an anorectal malformation, a sacral bony defect and a presacral mass. In most cases autosomal dominant transmission is suggested. In family members one or two features of the syndrome may be missing, indicating an incomplete form of this complex. We describe two unrelated girls at the age of 8 and 9 months respectively with ASP-association. Family screening in both patients showed 8 additional cases with a complete or incomplete Currarino triad, four of them being asymptomatic. A review of the literature up to 1991 revealed 48 patients with ASP-association. In more than 80% of cases, this complex is diagnosed in the first decade, whereas incomplete Currarino syndrome is diagnosed predominantly in adults. Most frequently the presacral mass in ASP-association was reported to be an anterior meningocele (47%) and a benign teratoma (40%). The number of patients with Currarino syndrome has been underestimated so far. We recommend anorectal examination, pelvic ultrasound and pelvic x-rays in all patients with a history of chronic constipation since early childhood. Positive findings should lead to further investigations such as barium enema, MRI, myelography and family screening. Close cooperation between pediatric surgeons and neurosurgeons is required to ensure adequate surgical treatment, considering both the risk of malignant degeneration as well as the risk of intraoperative nerve damage. Thus, radical excisional surgery is not obligatory in every case of Currarino syndrome.
Assuntos
Anormalidades Múltiplas/genética , Canal Anal/anormalidades , Meningocele/genética , Reto/anormalidades , Sacro/anormalidades , Anormalidades Múltiplas/epidemiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Genes Dominantes , Humanos , Lactente , Linhagem , Neoplasias da Coluna Vertebral/genética , Síndrome , Teratoma/genéticaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess the effectiveness and safety of normal and high doses of Gadobutrol versus a standard dose of Gadolinium DTPA in the MR evaluation of patients with brain metastases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a clinical phase-II study 20 patients who had been diagnosed as having brain metastases with CT or MRT were studied prospectively with Gadobutrol, a new nonionic, low osmolality contrast agent. Each patient received an initial injection of 0.1 mmol/kg body weight and an additional dose of 0.2 mmol/kg Gadobutrol 10 min later. Spin-echo images were obtained before and after the two applications of Gadobutrol. Dynamic scanning (Turbo-FLASH) was performed for 3 min after each injection of the contrast agent. Both quantitative and qualitative data were intraindividually evaluated. The primary tumor was a bronchial carcinoma in 11 cases; in 9 other cases there were different primary tumors. RESULTS: Forty-eight hours after the use of Gadobutrol there were no adverse signs in the clinical examination, vital signs or blood and urine chemistry. Statistical analysis (Friedman test and Wilcoxon test) of the C/N ratios between tumor and white matter, percentage enhancement, and visual assessment rating revealed statistically significant superiority of high-dose Gadobutrol injection in comparison to the standard dose. The percentage enhancement increased on average from 104% after 0.1 mmol/kg to 162% after 0.3 mmol/kg Gadobutrol. Qualitative delineation and contrast of the lesions increased significantly. The use of high-dose Gadobutrol improved the detection of 36 additional lesions in 6 patients. CONCLUSION: The first in vivo results prove the excellent contrast capacity of the nonionic contrast agent Gadobutrol for the diagnosis of intracerebral metastases.