[Application of the biofeedback method in the therapy of depression]. / Primenenie metoda biologicheskoi obratnoi svyazi v terapii depressii.

In order to systematize the modern literature data on the effectiveness of biofeedback in the treatment of patients with depressive disorders, clinical efficacy and prospects for use in psychiatric practice, publications in the MEDLINE / PubMed, eLibrary databases from 2013 to 2023, as well as relevant references in the reference lists of the analyzed articles, were selected by the keywords «biofeedback¼, «depression¼, «depression therapy¼, «electroencephalogram¼, «non-drug treatments for depression¼. The analysis of data has shown that the biofeedback method demonstrates a certain therapeutic potential in the treatment of depression. It can be used to augment therapy in case of insufficient therapeutic effect, with low patient compliance, as well as poor tolerability of psychopharmacotherapy and in the presence of residual symptoms after pharmacological treatment. The method allows the correction of the psycho-emotional state, improves the balance between the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system, and contributes to a more stable clinical effect. At the same time, further studies are needed, with the inclusion of large samples of patients from various nosological groups and with an analysis of the comparability of the effects of various biofeedback protocols.

MRI Study for the Features of Brain Conduction Pathways in Patients with an Ultra-High Risk of Endogenous Psychoses.

Diffusion parameters of brain tracts (n=18) were studied in 27 men with ultra-high risk of endogenous attack-like psychoses and 27 mentally healthy men of the same age group (fractional anisotropy; and average, radial, and axial diffusion). Correlation analysis was performed between these parameters and severity of mental disorders (SOPS scale). The indexes of radial diffusion and axial diffusion were shown to change in the left anterior thalamic radiation and right posterior cingulum bundle, respectively. Our results are consistent with published data that disturbances in the frontal and temporal lobes play an important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The degree of mental disorders correlated with diffusion parameters in the left and right anterior cingulum bundle.

(1)H-MRS and MEGA-PRESS pulse sequence in the study of balance of inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters in the human brain of ultra-high risk of schizophrenia patients.

The MEGA-PRESS pulse sequence was used for determination of overlapping signals in the (1)H-MRS spectra of the human brain. For the first time, the balance of GABA glutamate/glutamine concentrations was estimated quantitatively in the human brain of patients with ultra-high risk of schizophrenia. It was found that GABA concentration and GABA/GLX ratios were significantly reduced in the left frontal lobe of UHR subjects.

[Information processing and brain metabolic characteristics in patients at ultra-high risk for endogenous psychosis].

OBJECTIVE: Functional and structural brain abnormalities in people at high risk for psychosis is a subject of intensive studies in biological psychiatry over the last decades. We studied correlations between neurophysiological and neuroimaging parameters in ultra-high risk patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-six patients, aged 17-25 years, with nonpsychotic mental disorders were examined. The control group included 30 age- and sex-matched healthy people. Neurophysiological study measured sensory gating. Proton MR-spectroscopy was used to study metabolic processes in the brain (index for glutamate/glutamine, N-acetylaspartate and choline containing compounds in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and thalamus of both hemispheres as well as in the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: We found the abnormality of sensory gating in patients at ultra-high risk for endogenous psychosis that was not correlated with the metabolic parameters. The latter were normal or were normalized during treatment.

[Naturally caused imbalance of elements in the population of the Yamal Region (a review)].

The study has indicated that microelementosis in the natives and newcomers of Yamal is caused by the geochemical features of the region and supplemented by inadequate zinc intake. The region's waters differ in their hygienic standards and high levels of iron and the air is characterized by the latter's deficiency. Fe is ingested equally with water and foodstuffs while Cu and Zn are mainly with foods. The trace element status of the newcomers is considerably close to that in the natives of the North and associated with the chemical composition of the region's waters.

[Neurophysiological characteristics of cognition during first episode in young men with endogenous psychoses].

The neurophysiological correlates of cognitive impairment in first-episode young male patients have been studied. The auditory evoked potentials in oddball paradigm were recorded in groups of patients stratified by predominance of certain symptoms as follows: catatonic symptoms (22 subjects), hallucinations and delusions (22) affective and delusions (24). The control group included 15 mentally healthy subjects. In the group with predominance of catatonic symptoms, the most marked slowing of N200 and P300 latency was found. In the group with predominance of hallucinations and delusions, the most topographically localized anomalies by P300 latency was observed. In the group with predominance of affective and delusions, the N200 slowing was almost absent, however the anomalies of N100 to non-target stimuli and P300 were most pronounced than in the other groups. These peculiarities of neurophysiological correlates of cognitive functions in each group of patients emphasize the importance of the physiological structure of the first episode for development of clinical pathology.

[The chemotherapeutic efficacy of ciprofloxacin and lomefloxacin in the inhalation method of infecting white mice with tularemia]. / Khimioterapevticheskaia éffektivnost' tsiprofloksatsina i lomefloksatsina pri ingaliatsionnom sposobe zarazheniia tuliaremiei belykh myshei.

Peculiarities of the protective effect of ciprofloxacin and lomefloxacin were studied and the optimal regimens of their use were determined in multifactor experiments on albino mice infected with finally dispersed aerosol of the virulent strain of the European subspecies of Francisella tularensis. As for protective effect, the fluoroquinolones provided high percentage of the animal survival. The optimal course of the treatment was at least 7 days. The interval of 0 to 48 hours between the infection and the start of the treatment had no statistically significant effect on chemotherapeutic efficacy of fluoroquinolones.

Intracellular mRNA cleavage induced through activation of RNase P by nuclease-resistant external guide sequences.

Most antisense oligonucleotide experiments are performed with molecules containing RNase H-competent backbones. However, RNase H may cleave nontargeted mRNAs bound to only partially complementary oligonucleotides. Decreasing such "irrelevant cleavage" would be of critical importance to the ability of the antisense biotechnology to provide accurate assessment of gene function. RNase P is a ubiquitous endogenous cellular ribozyme whose function is to cleave the 5' terminus of precursor tRNAs to generate the mature tRNA. To recruit RNase P, complementary oligonucleotides called external guide sequences (EGS), which mimic structural features of precursor tRNA, were incorporated into an antisense 2'-O-methyl oligoribonucleotide targeted to the 3' region of the PKC-alpha mRNA. In T24 human bladder carcinoma cells, these EGSs, but not control sequences, were highly effective in downregulating PKC-alpha protein and mRNA expression. Furthermore, the downregulation is dependent on the presence of, and base sequence in, the T-loop. Similar observations were made with an EGS targeted to the bcl-xL mRNA.

[The effect of water-soluble beta-carotene (Vetoron) on the immune status of children from ecologically unfavorable regions]. / Vliianie vodorastvorimogo beta-karotina (vetorona) na immunnyi status detei iz ékologicheski neblagopriiatnykh regionov.

Resort therapy-induced immunological changes were studied in 67 children from the unfavourable environmental areas, out of them 38 children (an experimental group) on Vetoron and 29 untreated children (a control group). The examinees were found to have secondary (acquired) immunodeficiency appeared as lower levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) A and higher levels of IgM, IgG and IgE. The health resort therapy improved the body's overall responsiveness--elevated the levels of IgA and IgM-reduced these of IgE, enhanced the activity of alkaline phosphatase and increased monocyte counts. The use Vetoron enhanced the efficiency of spa therapy in the examined children versus the matched ones, significantly elevated the relative levels of T lymphocytes and IgG and increased the activity of phagocytes.

[The use of water-soluble beta-carotene (vetoron) in the combined treatment of patients with duodenal peptic ulcer and chronic proctosigmoiditis at Krainka general health resort]. / Primenenie vodorastvorimogo beta-karotina (vetoron) v kompleksnom lechenii bol'nykh iazvennoi bolezn'iu dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki i khronicheskim proktosigmoiditom v usloviiakh mnogoprofil'nogo kurorta "Krainka".

Oral administration of water-soluble beta-carotin (vetoron) in combined treatment of duodenal ulcer induces more significant reduction of inflammatory and atrophic lesions, faster healing in the test subjects compared to the controls. Vetoron microclysters with oil stimulate regression of the atrophy, recover small surface vessels, reduce inflammation in colon mucosa of patients affected with chronic proctosigmoiditis.

[Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of fluoroquinolones in experimental anthrax infection]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka éffektivnosti ftorkhinolonov pri éksperimental'noi sibireiazvennoi infektsii.

Comparative antibacterial activity and protective efficacy of ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin and lomefloxacin were estimated in a model of anthrax. The MICs of the three drugs determined by the method of serial dilutions for three vaccinal strains of Bacillus anthracis were 0.5 to 1.0 microgram/ml. The protective efficacy of the chemotherapeutics in experimental anthrax induced by the spores of the vaccinal strain 71/12, Tsenkovsky was evaluated in mathematically designed four-factor experiments. It depended on the infective dose and the chemotherapy term and amounted in the protective use of the drugs in the daily doses, equivalent to those for humans, to 80-100-percent protection of the animals infected with 10 LD50 of the biological agent, to 50-80-percent protection with the use of 100 LD50, to 40-70-percent protection with the use of 1000 LD50 and to 50-90-percent protection in the therapeutic use of the fluoroquinolones. This was indicative of the fact that the fluoroquinolones were chemotherapeutically highly active in the treatment of experimental anthrax. The marked therapeutic efficacy of the fluoroquinolones and the high percentage of the animal protection after their urgent prophylactic use in a single dose are their obvious merits. The total values of the protective efficacy of the three fluoroquinolones with respect to anthrax were practically the same.

[Determination of potato spindle tumor viroid and chrysanthenum stund viroid using biotinylated olideoxyribonucleotides]. / Opredelenie viroidov veretenovidnosti klubnei kartofelia i karlikovosti krizantem s ispol'zovaniem biotinilirovannogo oligodezoksiribonukleotida.

A 26 base long oligodeoxyribonucleotide complementary to a common RNA sequence of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV) and chrysantemum stunt viroid (CSV) was synthesized. The 3'-end biotinylated one was used for the detection of PSTV and CSV RNA immobilized on nitrocellulose filters by nucleic acid hybridization. Visualization of hybridization results was performed by two ways, either by streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase conjugate or streptavidine and biotinylated alkaline phosphatase. It was possible to detect 0.65 ng of purified CSV and PSTV RNA. The suggested system of viroid diseases detection can be used by agricultural and horticultural enterprises.