Rhodanobacter rhizosphaerae sp. nov., isolated from soil of ginseng rhizosphere.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain CR164T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a ginseng field at Geumsan in Korea. CR164T grew at between 15 and 37 °C (optimal growth at 28 °C), between pH 6.0 and 9.0 (optimal growth at pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0-1.0 % (w/v) NaCl, growing optimally in the absence of NaCl. The results of phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that CR164T represents a member of the genus Rhodanobacter, showing the highest sequence similarity to Rhodanobactercaeni MJ01T (98.5 %), Rhodanobacter ginsenosidimutans Gsoil 3054T (98.4 %), Rhodanobacter thiooxydans LCS2T (98.3 %), Rhodanobacter lindaniclasticus RP5557T (98.1 %), Rhodanobacter denitrificans 2APBS1T (98.0 %), Rhodanobacter fulvus Jip2T (97.6 %), Rhodanobacter soli DCY45T (97.3 %) and 'Rhodanobacterxiangquanii' BJQ-6 (97.0 %). The major fatty acids were iso-C17 : 1ω9c (21.8 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.1 %), iso-C11 : 0 (11.9 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (11.1 %). The predominant ubiquinone was Q-8. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 62.3 mol%. DNA-DNA relatedness between CR164T and the type strains of eight other species of the genus ranged from 51 to 9 %. On the basis of the polyphasic analysis, CR164T represents a novel species of the genus Rhodanobacter, for which the name Rhodanobacter rhizosphaerae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CR164T (=KACC 18699T=NBRC 111845T).

Chitinophaga ginsengihumi sp. nov., isolated from soil of ginseng rhizosphere.

A novel strain designated SR18(T) was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a ginseng in Korea. Cells were Gram-staining-negative, motile by gliding, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, non-spore-forming rods. The isolate grew aerobically at 15-45 °C (optimum 28 °C), pH 5.5-7.5 (optimum pH 7.0) and with 0-3.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1.5% NaCl). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SR18(T) belongs to the genus Chitinophaga with sequence similarity of 97.2% and 97.0% to Chitinophaga japonensis 758(T) and Chitinophaga rupis CS5-B1(T), respectively. Similarity to other species of the genus Chitinophaga was 92.8-95.5%. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. Major fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 1)ω5c. The polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified phospholipids, unknown aminolipids and unknown lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 45.3 mol%. DNA-DNA relatedness between strain SR18(T) and C. japonensis NBRC 16041(T) was 29-32%. On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain SR18(T) represents a novel species of the genus Chitinophaga, for which the name Chitinophaga ginsengihumi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SR18(T) ( = KACC 17604(T) = NBRC 109832(T)).

Terriglobus tenax sp. nov., an exopolysaccharide-producing acidobacterium isolated from rhizosphere soil of a medicinal plant.

An exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium, designated strain DRP 35(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a medicinal herb, Angelica sinensis, at Geumsan in Korea. Cells were Gram-staining-negative, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative short rods. The isolate grew aerobically from 15 to 45 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 3.5-7.0 (optimum pH 5.0) and in the presence of 0-1.0% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain DRP 35(T) belongs to the genus Terriglobus in the phylum Acidobacteria with a sequence similarity of 97.2% and 97.0% to Terriglobus saanensis SP1PR4(T) and Terriglobus roseus KBS63(T), respectively. The genomic DNA G+C content was 62.1 mol%. DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DRP 35(T) and the type strains of the other species of the genus Terriglobus, T. saanensis SP1PR4(T) and T. roseus KBS63(T), were 24.6 and 17.2%, respectively. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8. Major fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 0), C(16 : 1)ω7c and C(16 : 0). The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified aminophospholipid and unknown phospholipids. On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain DRP 35(T) represents a novel species of the genus Terriglobus for which the name Terriglobus tenax sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DRP 35(T) ( = KACC 16474(T) = NBRC 109677(T)).

Streptomyces mayteni sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from a Chinese medicinal plant.

An actinomycete strain, designated YIM 60475(T), was isolated from the roots of Maytenus austroyunnanensis and was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. The strain was determined to belong to the genus Streptomyces, based on its phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics. The strain produced spiral spore chains on aerial mycelium. The cell wall contained LL-diaminopimelic acid. Whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, and xylose. The phospholipid was type II. The DNA G+C content of the type strain was 73.3 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization and comparison of physiological and chemical characteristics suggested that strain YIM 60475(T) is a new Streptomyces species, for which the name Streptomyces mayteni sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 60475(T) (=CCTCC AA 207005(T) = KCTC 19383(T)).