Biochemical Background in Mitochondria Affects 2HG Production by IDH2 and ADHFE1 in Breast Carcinoma.

Mitochondrial production of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) can be catalyzed by wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) and alcohol dehydrogenase, iron-containing 1 (ADHFE1). We investigated whether biochemical background and substrate concentration in breast cancer cells promote 2HG production. To estimate its role in 2HG production, we quantified 2HG levels and its enantiomers in breast cancer cells using analytical approaches for metabolomics. By manipulation of mitochondrial substrate fluxes using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we demonstrated the existence of active competition between 2HG producing enzymes, i.e., IDH2 and ADHFE1. Moreover, we showed that distinct fractions of IDH2 enzyme molecules operate in distinct oxido-reductive modes, providing NADPH and producing 2HG simultaneously. We have also detected 2HG release in the urine of breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant therapy and detected a correlation with stages of breast carcinoma development. In summary, we provide a background for vital mitochondrial production of 2HG in breast cancer cells with outcomes towards cancer biology and possible future diagnosis of breast carcinoma.

Treatment of non-atopic dermatitis with polarized UV-free polychromatic light: A case report.

Non-atopic dermatitis is a common inflammatory condition, which is potentially debilitating and can compromise life quality. Polarized ultraviolet-free polychromatic light is used as therapeutic option for the treatment of wound healing and dermatological conditions. It has not yet been tested in the management of non-atopic dermatitis. In this case report, we present a 67- year-old female patient who had suffered with moderate non-atopic dermatitis for the past 20 years, and had undergone multiple treatments during that time without significant improvement or relief from her symptoms. She was treated for six weeks only with daily light therapy applications (10 minutes/area). Our results showed that light therapy offered a significant reduction in erythema of the affected zones with a concomitant reduction in pruritus and dehydration of the skin, without side effects or discomfort.

A commentary on the 2015 Canadian Clinical Practice Guidelines in glutamine supplementation to parenteral nutrition.

Glutamine is one of the conditionally essential free amino acids with multiple biological functions. Its supplementation to parenteral nutrition has been widely used for the management of complications in intensive care. However, controversial clinical reports have generated reluctance in the use of this pharmaco-nutrient. In this commentary, we address the impact of four studies that influenced the recommendations on glutamine supplementation by the Canadian Clinical Practice Guide 2015. Because of the importance of this guideline in clinical practice, we strongly believe that a more rigorous and critical evaluation is required to support recommendations in future guidelines.